如何 pivot_longer 这个数据框？

Question

我有一个具有以下结构的数据框：

x <- data.frame(
x1_dte = as.Date(c("2001-01-01", "2001-01-02", "2002-01-02"), format = "%Y-%m-%d"),
x1_val1 = c(10, 12, 13),
x1_val2 = c(200, 250, 300),
x2_dte = as.Date(c("2003-01-01", "2003-04-02", "2003-04-02"), format = "%Y-%m-%d"),
x2_val1 = c(9, 11, 14),
x2_val2 = c(110, 140, 200),
x3_dte = as.Date(c(NA, NA, NA), format = "%Y-%m-%d"),
x3_val1 = c(NA, NA, NA),
x3_val2 = c(NA, NA, NA)
)

      x1_dte x1_val1 x1_val2     x2_dte x2_val1 x2_val2 x3_dte x3_val1 x3_val2
1 2001-01-01      10     200 2003-01-01       9     110   <NA>      NA      NA
2 2001-01-02      12     250 2003-04-02      11     140   <NA>      NA      NA
3 2002-01-02      13     300 2003-04-02      14     200   <NA>      NA      NA

我想将其转换为具有以下结构的数据框：

x_longer <- data.frame(var = c("x1", "x1", "x1", "x2", "x2", "x2","x3", "x3", "x3"),
date = as.Date(c("2001-01-01", "2001-01-02", "2002-01-02", "2003-01-01", "2003-04-02", "2003-04-02", NA, NA, NA), format = "%Y-%m-%d"),
val1 = c(10, 12, 13, 9, 11, 14, NA, NA, NA),
val2 = c(200, 250, 300, 110, 140, 200, NA, NA, NA)
)

  var       date val1 val2
1  x1 2001-01-01   10  200
2  x1 2001-01-02   12  250
3  x1 2002-01-02   13  300
4  x2 2003-01-01    9  110
5  x2 2003-04-02   11  140
6  x2 2003-04-02   14  200
7  x3       <NA>   NA   NA
8  x3       <NA>   NA   NA
9  x3       <NA>   NA   NA

我不明白如何从数据框 x 中提取多列来创建 x_longer。谁能帮帮我？

Answer 1

x %>%
  pivot_longer(everything(),
               names_to = c("var", ".value"),
               names_pattern = c("^(x[0-9]+)_(.*)")) %>%
  rename(date = "dte") %>%
  arrange(var, date)
# # A tibble: 9 x 4
#   var   date        val1  val2
#   <chr> <date>     <dbl> <dbl>
# 1 x1    2001-01-01    10   200
# 2 x1    2001-01-02    12   250
# 3 x1    2002-01-02    13   300
# 4 x2    2003-01-01     9   110
# 5 x2    2003-04-02    11   140
# 6 x2    2003-04-02    14   200
# 7 x3    NA            NA    NA
# 8 x3    NA            NA    NA
# 9 x3    NA            NA    NA

Answer 2

这个有效：

x %>% pivot_longer(everything(), names_to = c('var', '.value'), names_sep = '_')

如何 pivot_longer 这个数据框？

How to pivot_longer this dataframe?

r

tidyr

tidyverse