具有一组参数的多个实例的 .NET 配置

.NET configuration with multiple instances of a set of parameters

我有一个可以连接到多个服务器的应用程序。直到运行时才知道实际的服务器数量,并且可能每天都在变化。需要几个实际参数才能完整定义服务器。

我正在尝试使用 .NET 对应用程序配置的支持来配置应用程序。

配置文件类似于:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
    <configSections>
        <sectionGroup
           name="userSettings"
            type="System.Configuration.UserSettingsGroup, System, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" >
            <section name="server"
                type="System.Configuration.SingleTagSectionHandler"
                allowExeDefinition="MachineToLocalUser"
                requirePermission="false" />
        </sectionGroup>
    </configSections>
    <userSettings>
        <server name="washington">
            <add name="host" value="abc.presidents.com"/>
            <add name="port" value="1414"/>
            <add name="credentials" value="george"/>
        </server>
        <server name="adams">
            <add name="host" value="def.presidents.com"/>
            <add name="port" value="1419"/>
            <add name="credentials" value="john"/>
        </server>
        <!--insert more server definitions here -->
    </userSettings>
</configuration>

我试着用类似这样的代码来阅读它(WriteLines 用于诊断问题。它们会消失 when/if 它有效。):

try
{
    var exeConfiguration = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(ConfigurationUserLevel.PerUserRoamingAndLocal);
    Console.WriteLine(exeConfiguration);

    var userSettings = exeConfiguration.GetSectionGroup("userSettings");
    Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", userSettings, userSettings.Name);

    var sections = userSettings.Sections;
    Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", sections, sections.Count);
    foreach (ConfigurationSection section in sections)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("{0}", section);
        // todo Here's where we capture information about a server
    }

}
catch (System.Exception ex)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Exception: {0}", ex.Message);
}

这会从 foreach 中抛出异常并产生以下输出:

    System.Configuration.Configuration
    System.Configuration.UserSettingsGroup: userSettings
    System.Configuration.ConfigurationSectionCollection: 1
    Exception: Sections must only appear once per config file.  See the help topic <location> for exceptions.

如果我删除第二台服务器,只留下华盛顿,它 "works" 会产生以下输出:

System.Configuration.Configuration
System.Configuration.ConfigurationSectionGroup: userSettings
System.Configuration.ConfigurationSectionCollection: 1
System.Configuration.DefaultSection

我尝试了主题的其他变体(嵌套的 sectionGroups 等),但没有找到解决方案。我发现的各种教程示例似乎要我为每个服务器创建一个单独的 class。这显然是不切实际的,而且应该是不必要的,因为所有服务器生而平等。

问题:

进度报告

根据 Robert McKee 的部分回答,我修改了 xml,如下所示:

            <section name="servers"
                type="System.Configuration.DefaultSection, System.Configuration, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b03f5f7f11d50a3a"

<servers>
    <add name="washington" host="abc.presidents.com" port="1414" credentials="george"/>
    <add name="adams" host="def.presidents.com" port="1419" credentials="john"/>
    <!--insert more server definitions here -->
</servers>

这是一个致命问题的改进。如您所见,我将 section 元素的 type 属性更改为 class ystem.Configuration.DefaultSection DefaultSection 成功读取配置信息(我认为,在至少它不会抱怨。)但它不会公开任何方式来访问它读取的信息!

因此我需要使用其他类型的 *Section class。 Microsoft 提供了从 ConfigurationSection 基础 class 派生的 95 classes,但除了 DefaultSectionClientSettingsSection 之外的所有这些似乎都是针对特殊情况(url,数据库连接字符串、日期和时间等...) ClientSettingsSection 甚至不会阅读服务器部分——抱怨 <add/> 不是有效的嵌套元素。

所以,底线是我将不得不编写一个自定义 ConfigurationSection 来处理这些设置。如果我让它工作,我会添加一个最终解决方案的答案(除非有人先提供更好的答案。)

没有使用过自定义配置部分,但从纯逻辑的角度来看,这不是更合适吗:

<userSettings>
    <servers>
        <add name="washington" host="abc.presidents.com" port="1414" credentials="george"/>
        <add name="adams" host="def.presidents.com" port="1419" credentials="john"/>
        <!--insert more server definitions here -->
    </servers>
    <!-- insert more user settings here -->
</userSettings>

您可以通过其他方式进行,但是如果您想要 "server" 的集合,则它必须位于像 "servers" 这样的分组元素中。您不能只在父元素中包含多个 "server",而该父元素还可以包含其他类型的子元素。组内的标签几乎都是"add".

无论如何"System.Configuration.SingleTagSectionHandler"绝对不是正确的类型。

结论

  • 如果不创建自定义 属性 类。
  • ,则无法支持 属性 集的集合
  • 支持创建自定义 属性 类 非常好。
  • 创建自定义 属性 类 的文档很糟糕,但是我终于找到了一个不错的 overview document 帮助我找到答案的文档。

配置文件

我最终得到的 app.config 文件是:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
    <configSections>
        <sectionGroup name="userSettings" 
                      type="System.Configuration.UserSettingsGroup, System, Version=4.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=b77a5c561934e089" >
            <section name="executiveBranch" 
                     type="PropProto.Properties.ExecutiveBranchSection, PropProto, Version=1.0.0.0, Culture=neutral, PublicKeyToken=null" 
                     allowExeDefinition="MachineToLocalUser" 
                     requirePermission="false" />
        </sectionGroup>
    </configSections>
    <userSettings>
        <executiveBranch>
            <presidents>
                <president key="first"
                           name="George Washington"
                           legacy="The Fother of Our County"
                           />
                <president key="honestAbe"
                           name="Abraham Lincoln"
                           legacy="Freed the Slaves"
                           />
                <president key="who"
                           name="Chester Arthur"
                           />
                <president key="dubya"
                           name="George W. Bush"
                           legacy="Mission Accomplished!!!"
                           />
                <president key="barack"
                           name="Barack Obama"
                           legacy="Affordable Health Care"
                           />

            </presidents>
        </executiveBranch>
    </userSettings>
</configuration>

比我预期(或想要)多了一层嵌套。那是因为presidents是一个ConfigurationElementCollection,而userSettings不能直接包含一个ConfigurationElementCollection,所以我不得不引入executiveBranch

使用配置

读取这些设置的代码是:

var exeConfiguration = ConfigurationManager.OpenExeConfiguration(
      ConfigurationUserLevel.PerUserRoamingAndLocal);
var userSettings = exeConfiguration.GetSectionGroup("userSettings");
var executiveBranch = (ExecutiveBranchSection)userSettings.Sections.Get(
        ExecutiveBranchSection.Tag);
var presidents = executiveBranch.Presidents;
foreach (President president in presidents)
{
    Console.WriteLine("{0}: {1}", president.Name, president.Legacy);
}

自定义属性类

自定义 类 来完成所有这些工作:

public class ExecutiveBranchSection : ConfigurationSection
{
    public const string Tag = "executiveBranch";
    [ConfigurationProperty(PresidentCollection.Tag)]
    public PresidentCollection Presidents { get { return (PresidentCollection)base[PresidentCollection.Tag]; } }
}

[ConfigurationCollection(typeof(President),
    CollectionType = ConfigurationElementCollectionType.BasicMap,
    AddItemName = President.Tag)]
public class PresidentCollection : ConfigurationElementCollection
{
    public const string Tag = "presidents";
    protected override string ElementName { get { return President.Tag; } }

    public President this[int index]
    {
        get { return (President)base.BaseGet(index); }
        set
        {
            if (base.BaseGet(index) != null)
            {
                base.BaseRemoveAt(index);
            }

            base.BaseAdd(index, value);
        }
    }

    new public President this[string name] { get { return (President)base.BaseGet(name); } }

    protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement()
    {
        return new President();
    }

    protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element)
    {
        return (element as President).Key;
    }
}

public class President : ConfigurationElement
{
    public const string Tag = "president";
    [ConfigurationProperty("key", IsRequired = true)]
    public string Key { get { return (string)base["key"]; } }
    [ConfigurationProperty("name", IsRequired = true)]
    public string Name { get { return (string)base["name"]; } }
    [ConfigurationProperty("legacy", IsRequired = false)]
    public string Legacy { get { return (string)base["legacy"]; } }
}