API 由于错误，GET 请求不允许查询字符串

Question

我正在尝试让 API 以 .json 格式获取一些数据。

当我运行请求时，我在 API 地址中收到语法错误。下面是我尝试运行.

的代码

我可以针对父站点发出基本请求并收到并且我过去已经在此处发送了 get 请求，没有任何问题。

在此先感谢您的帮助。

pv_data = requests.get("https://api.patentsview.org/uspc_mainclasses/query?q={"_and":[{"_contains":{"uspc_mainclass_id":["800","424","514","506","435","436","536"]}},{"_gt"{"patent_date":"2009-12-31"}},{"_lt":{"patent_date":"2021-04-01"}}]}&f=["assignee_city","assignee_country","assignee_latitude","assignee_longitude","assignee_num_patents_for_uspc_mainclass","assignee_organization","assignee_total_num_patents","forprior_country","forprior_date"]")

...以及响应

  File "<ipython-input-31-0b6aea36e1fe>", line 1
pv_data = requests.get("https://api.patentsview.org/uspc_mainclasses/query?q={"_and":[{"_contains":{"uspc_mainclass_id":["800","424","514","506","435","436","536"]}},{"_gt"{"patent_date":"2009-12-31"}},{"_lt":{"patent_date":"2021-04-01"}}]}&f=["assignee_city","assignee_country","assignee_latitude","assignee_longitude","assignee_num_patents_for_uspc_mainclass","assignee_organization","assignee_total_num_patents","forprior_country","forprior_date"]")
                                                                               ^

语法错误：语法无效

Answer 1

这里的问题是 python 混淆了应该使用哪个双引号 (") 来结束字符串。一种解决方案是使用 \.

转义所有内部 "

但我建议您使用 request API 本身来处理查询参数。从文档中，您可以传递 params 关键字参数以将数据发送到 URL.

>>> payload = {'key1': 'value1', 'key2': 'value2'}
>>> r = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/get', params=payload)

您可以看到 URL 已通过打印 URL:

正确编码

>>> print(r.url)
https://httpbin.org/get?key2=value2&key1=value1

Answer 2

由于您也在 url 字符串中使用双引号，因此解释器会将 " 字符的前两个实例之间的任何内容作为有效字符串，而不会知道如何处理剩下的事情。

您可以通过这样的起始引号来避免此错误 ':

pv_data = requests.get('https://api.patentsview.org/uspc_mainclasses/query?q={"_and":[{"_contains":{"uspc_mainclass_id":["800","424","514","506","435","436","536"]}},{"_gt"{"patent_date":"2009-12-31"}},{"_lt":{"patent_date":"2021-04-01"}}]}&f=["assignee_city","assignee_country","assignee_latitude","assignee_longitude","assignee_num_patents_for_uspc_mainclass","assignee_organization","assignee_total_num_patents","forprior_country","forprior_date"]')

Answer 3

您必须使用不同类型的引号，单引号 = ' 、双引号 = " 或三引号 = ''' 这样您就可以在不同的行上写相同的句子。

'''
this is a code
'written'
on
"different"
line
'''

API 由于错误，GET 请求不允许查询字符串

API GET request wont allow query string due to error

python

api

syntax-error

python-requests