未报告的异常 IOException 从 URL 读取文件

Unreported exception IOException reading file from URL

我找遍了 SO,但还没有找到解决办法。总之,我正在尝试从提供的 URL 中获取文本文件并将其读入字符串,以便我可以用它做其他事情。

具体编译错误为:

/tmp/java_kWWEO5/Main.java:49: error: unreported exception IOException; must be caught or declared to be thrown
        String text = readUrlTextContent("http://textfiles.com/stories/antcrick.txt");
                                        ^
1 error

导致错误的代码,在main:

import java.util.*;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.IOException;

public class Main {

    private static String readUrlTextContent(String url) throws IOException, MalformedURLException {

        URL source = new URL(url);
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(source.openStream()));
        try {
            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
            String line = reader.readLine();

            while (line != null) {
                builder.append(line);
                builder.append("\n");
                line = reader.readLine();
            }
            return builder.toString();
        } catch (MalformedURLException urlEx) {
            urlEx.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException("Malformed URL Exception", urlEx);            
        } catch (IOException ioEx) {
            ioEx.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException("IO Exception", ioEx);
        } finally {
            reader.close();
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        String text = readUrlTextContent("http://textfiles.com/stories/antcrick.txt");
        System.out.println(text);
    }
}

如何修改这个小程序,使其最终编译并执行?

虽然您实际上通过将它们包装到 RuntimeException 中来处理方法主体中的这些异常,但您对编译器的方法签名 "lies":

private static String readUrlTextContent(String url) throws IOException, MalformedURLException {

将此行更改为:

private static String readUrlTextContent(String url) {

这应该可以解决编译器消息


您在这里遇到的问题是检查异常所固有的。当一个方法声明它抛出某种异常类型时,编译器需要检查这些异常是否得到处理。

这意味着,即使您在方法主体中正确捕获了异常,编译器也必须假定,这些异常可能会发生。

因此,每当调用 reaadUrlTextContent 时,编译器都会检查 "Does the caller handle these exceptions?"

如果来电者不...那么这就是你得到的:)

使您的案例更有趣的是 MalformedURLExceptionIOException 的子类。这意味着每当您捕获(或抛出)IOException 时,将以相同的方式处理 MalformedURLException,前提是它尚未被捕获。

更新 readUrlTextContent(String url) 的签名如下:

private static String readUrlTextContent(String url) throws IOException{
}

然后,修改 main() 如下:

public static void main(String[] args) {
    String text = null;
    try {
        text = readUrlTextContent("http://textfiles.com/stories/antcrick.txt");
    } catch (IOException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    System.out.println(text);
}

或者只修改readUrlTextContent()如下:

private static String readUrlTextContent(String url) {
        BufferedReader reader = null;
        try {
            URL source = new URL(url);


            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    source.openStream()));

            StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
            String line = reader.readLine();

            while (line != null) {
                builder.append(line);
                builder.append("\n");
                line = reader.readLine();
            }
            return builder.toString();
        } catch (MalformedURLException urlEx) {
            urlEx.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException("Malformed URL Exception", urlEx);
        } catch (IOException ioEx) {
            ioEx.printStackTrace();
            throw new RuntimeException("IO Exception", ioEx);
        } finally {
            try {
                if(null!=reader)
                    reader.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }