使用字段参数列表过滤 Django 模型

Question

我希望能够将任意数量的字段和值传递到函数中以识别相关行：

models.py

class Player(models.Model):
    name = CharField(max_length = 50, default = 'Ronaldo')
    defender = BooleanField(default = False)
    midfielder = BooleanField(default = False)
    attacker = BooleanField(default = False)
    goalkeeper = BooleanField(default = False)

views.py

def find_player(**kwargs):#to be used in some view
    players = Player.objects.filters(kwargs).all()
    for player in players:
        #do something with player...

find_player({defender:True, goalkeeper:True})#selects rows with players who defend and play in goal
find_player({defender:True, attacker:False})#...
find_player({defender:False})

我在上面尝试做的显然是行不通的！我知道我也可以使用 exec() 来获得我想要的东西：

def find_player(string_of_params):
    players = exec(Player.objects.filters(string_of_params).all())
    for player in players:
        print(player)

find_player('defender=True, goalkeeper=True')#prints rows with players who can defend and go in goal
find_player('defender=True, attacker=False')#...
find_player('defender=False'})

但我认为必须有一种更自然的方式将字典的内容直接解包到 filter()。

欢迎任何指导。

Answer 1

你应该解压函数中的字典，这样**kwargs而不是kwargs:

#               ↓ no double asterisk
def find_player(kwargs):
    #                                ↓↓ double asterisk
    players = Player.objects.filters(<strong>**kwargs</strong>).all()
    # …

然后你可以通过传递字典来使用它：

find_player({defender:True, goalkeeper:True})
find_player({defender:True, attacker:False})
find_player({defender:False})

使用字段参数列表过滤 Django 模型

Filter Django Models using lists of field parameters

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filter

keyword-argument