Tkinter：更改 canvas 像素大小
Tkinter: changing canvas pixel size
这是我想要做的：
我正在设计一个允许查看 DICOM 图像等功能的应用程序。我所说的“图像”实际上是一组包含与切片对应的二维数组的文件。我正在使用 Tkinter 提供 UI。我的应用程序只需要显示二进制图像。
为了显示切片，我使用 tk.Canvas 可以非常快速地显示图像。事实上，我需要最优化的显示设备，因为我希望用户能够使用鼠标滚轮在切片之间移动。
问题是：显示切片时，canvas 总是为像素分配相同的尺寸，因此分辨率较低的图像显得非常小。我想做的是通过调整 canvas.
的大小来防止用户杀死 his/her 眼睛
我当然想在图像上使用 PIL.Image().resize() 然后转换为 PIL.ImageTk() 但这会导致两个问题：
- 调整大小越大，执行该过程所需的时间就越多，因此对查看器的优化就越少
- 此调整大小操作实际上修改了像素数，从而失去了原始分辨率。我不希望发生这种情况，因为我需要检索鼠标悬停在 canvas 上的位置，以原始分辨率
中的像素表示
因此，我认为解决方案是修改 canvas 的像素大小。如果可以一开始就定义好，那么就不需要调整大小，也不会有优化问题。
但是我还没有找到修改它的方法。有人有想法吗？
我只提供我的项目的框架和成像器，如果它可以帮助的话：
帧数：
import PIL.Image
import PIL.ImageTk
import numpy as np
from gui.statusbar import *
from tkinter.messagebox import showinfo
class DicomViewerFrame(Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.parent = parent
self.image_ax = None
self.image_sag = None
self.photo_ax = None
self.photo_sag = None
self.canvas_axial = None
self.canvas_sagittal = None
self.imager = None
self.arr_axial = None
self.arr_sagittal = None
self.index_axial = None
self.index_sagittal = None
self.status_axial = None
self.status_sagittal = None
self.roi_definition = True
self.upper = 0
self.lower = 0
self.selection_axial = None
self.selection_sagittal = None
self.start_x = self.start_y = self.start_z = 0
self.end_x = self.end_y = self.end_z = 0
self.roi = None
self.offset = 700
self.init_viewer_frame()
def init_viewer_frame(self):
# Image canvas
self.canvas_axial = Canvas(self, bd=0, highlightthickness=0)
self.canvas_axial.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nw")
self.canvas_axial.bind("<MouseWheel>", self.scroll_axial_images)
self.canvas_axial.config(width=self.offset)
if self.roi_definition:
self.canvas_axial.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.on_move_press_axial)
self.canvas_axial.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self.on_button_press_axial)
self.canvas_axial.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self.on_button_release)
self.canvas_sagittal = Canvas(self, bd=0, highlightthickness=0)
self.canvas_sagittal.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nw")
self.canvas_sagittal.bind("<MouseWheel>", self.scroll_sagittal_images)
if self.roi_definition:
self.canvas_sagittal.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.on_move_press_sagittal)
self.canvas_sagittal.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self.on_button_press_sagittal)
self.canvas_sagittal.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self.on_button_release)
# Status bar
self.status_axial = StatusBar(self)
self.status_axial.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky="w")
self.status_sagittal = StatusBar(self)
self.status_sagittal.grid(row=3, column=1, sticky="w")
self.canvas_axial.bind('<Motion>', self.motion_axial)
self.canvas_sagittal.bind('<Motion>', self.motion_sagittal)
def on_button_press_axial(self, event):
self.canvas_axial.delete(self.selection_axial)
self.canvas_sagittal.delete(self.selection_sagittal)
# save mouse drag start position
self.start_x = event.x
self.start_y = event.y
self.selection_axial = self.canvas_axial.create_rectangle(self.end_x, self.end_y, 0, 0, outline="green")
self.selection_sagittal = self.canvas_sagittal.create_rectangle(0, self.start_x, self.arr_sagittal.shape[1],
self.end_x, outline="green")
def on_button_press_sagittal(self, event):
self.canvas_sagittal.delete(self.selection_sagittal)
# save mouse drag start position
self.start_z = event.x
self.selection_sagittal = self.canvas_sagittal.create_rectangle(self.start_z, self.start_x, 0,
self.end_x, outline="green")
def on_move_press_axial(self, event):
curX, curY = (event.x, event.y)
self.end_x = curX
self.end_y = curY
self.motion_axial(event)
# expand rectangle as you drag the mouse
self.canvas_axial.coords(self.selection_axial, self.start_x, self.start_y, curX, curY)
self.canvas_sagittal.coords(self.selection_sagittal, 0, self.start_x, self.arr_sagittal.shape[1], curX)
def on_move_press_sagittal(self, event):
curZ = event.x
self.end_z = curZ
self.motion_sagittal(event)
# expand rectangle as you drag the mouse
self.canvas_sagittal.coords(self.selection_sagittal, self.start_z, self.start_x, curZ, self.end_x)
def on_button_release(self, event):
roi_axial = self.canvas_axial.bbox(self.selection_axial)
roi_sagittal = self.canvas_sagittal.bbox(self.selection_sagittal)
self.roi = ((roi_axial[0], roi_axial[1], roi_sagittal[0]), (roi_axial[2], roi_axial[3], roi_sagittal[2]))
def show_image(self, array_axial, index_axial, array_sagittal, index_sagittal):
self.upper = int(self.parent.pcd_preparer.get_current_upper().get())
self.lower = int(self.parent.pcd_preparer.get_current_lower().get())
if array_axial is None:
return
if array_sagittal is None:
return
# Convert numpy array into a PhotoImage and add it to canvas
self.image_ax = PIL.Image.fromarray(array_axial)
self.photo_ax = PIL.ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.image_ax)
self.image_sag = PIL.Image.fromarray(array_sagittal)
self.photo_sag = PIL.ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.image_sag)
self.canvas_axial.delete("IMG")
self.canvas_axial.create_image(0, 0, image=self.photo_ax, anchor=NW, tags="IMG")
self.canvas_axial.create_text(40, 10, fill="green", text="Slice " + str(index_axial), font=10)
self.canvas_axial.create_text(40, 40, fill="green", text="Axial", font=10)
self.canvas_sagittal.delete("IMG")
self.canvas_sagittal.create_image(0, 0, image=self.photo_sag, anchor=NW, tags="IMG")
self.canvas_sagittal.create_text(40, 10, fill="green", text="x = " + str(index_sagittal), font=10)
self.canvas_sagittal.create_text(40, 40, fill="green", text="Sagittal", font=10)
width_ax = self.image_ax.width
height_ax = self.image_ax.height
width_sag = self.image_sag.width
height_sag = self.image_sag.height
self.canvas_axial.configure(width=width_ax, height=height_ax)
self.canvas_sagittal.configure(width=width_sag, height=height_sag)
# We need to at least fit the entire image, but don't shrink if we don't have to
width_ax = max(self.parent.winfo_width(), width_ax)
height_ax = max(self.parent.winfo_height(), height_ax + StatusBar.height)
width_sag = max(self.parent.winfo_width(), width_sag)
height_sag = max(self.parent.winfo_height(), height_sag + StatusBar.height)
# Resize root window and prevent resizing smaller than the image
newsize = "{}x{}".format(width_ax + width_sag, height_ax + StatusBar.height)
self.parent.geometry(newsize)
# self.parent.minsize(width_ax + width_sag, height_ax + height_sag)
if self.selection_axial is not None:
self.selection_axial = self.canvas_axial.create_rectangle(self.start_x, self.start_y, self.end_x,
self.end_y, outline="green")
if self.selection_sagittal is not None:
self.selection_sagittal = self.canvas_sagittal.create_rectangle(self.start_z, self.start_x, self.end_z,
self.end_x, outline="green")
def scroll_sagittal_images(self, e):
self.imager.index_sagittal += int(e.delta / 120)
self.arr_sagittal, self.index_sagittal = self.imager.get_current_sagittal_image(self.upper, self.lower)
self.show_image(self.arr_axial, self.index_axial, self.arr_sagittal, self.index_sagittal)
def scroll_axial_images(self, e):
self.imager.index_axial += int(e.delta / 120)
self.arr_axial, self.index_axial = self.imager.get_current_axial_image(self.upper, self.lower)
self.show_image(self.arr_axial, self.index_axial, self.arr_sagittal, self.index_sagittal)
def change_range(self):
self.arr_axial, self.index_axial = self.imager.get_current_axial_image(self.upper, self.lower)
self.arr_sagittal, self.index_sagittal = self.imager.get_current_sagittal_image(self.upper, self.lower)
self.show_image(self.arr_axial, self.index_axial, self.arr_sagittal, self.index_sagittal)
def set_imager(self, im):
self.imager = im
def motion_axial(self, event):
x, y = event.x, event.y
self.status_axial.set('x = {}, y = {}'.format(x, y))
def motion_sagittal(self, event):
z, y = event.x, event.y
self.status_sagittal.set('y = {}, z = {}'.format(y, z))
成像器：
import numpy as np
class DicomImager:
def __init__(self, datasets):
self.values = None
self.datasets = datasets
self._index_axial = 0
self._index_sagittal = 0
self._window_width = 1
self._window_center = 0
self.size = (int(datasets[0].Rows), int(datasets[0].Columns), len(datasets))
self.spacings = (float(datasets[0].PixelSpacing[0]),
float(datasets[0].PixelSpacing[1]),
float(datasets[0].SliceThickness))
self.axes = (np.arange(0.0, (self.size[0] + 1) * self.spacings[0], self.spacings[0]),
np.arange(0.0, (self.size[2] + 1) * self.spacings[2], self.spacings[2]),
np.arange(0.0, (self.size[1] + 1) * self.spacings[1], self.spacings[1]))
# Load pixel data
self.values = np.zeros(self.size, dtype='int32')
for i, d in enumerate(datasets):
# Also performs rescaling. 'unsafe' since it converts from float64 to int32
np.copyto(self.values[:, :, i], d.pixel_array, 'unsafe')
self.max_value = np.amax(self.values)
self.min_value = np.amin(self.values)
@property
def index_sagittal(self):
return self._index_sagittal
@index_sagittal.setter
def index_sagittal(self, value):
while value < 0:
value += self.size[0]
self._index_sagittal = value % self.size[0]
@property
def index_axial(self):
return self._index_axial
@index_axial.setter
def index_axial(self, value):
while value < 0:
value += self.size[2]
self._index_axial = value % self.size[2]
@property
def window_width(self):
return self._window_width
@window_width.setter
def window_width(self, value):
self._window_width = max(value, 1)
@property
def window_center(self):
return self._window_center
@window_center.setter
def window_center(self, value):
self._window_center = value
def get_sagittal_image(self, index, upper, lower):
# int32 true values (HU or brightness units)
img = self.values[index, :, :]
res1 = np.zeros(img.shape)
res1[img < upper] = 1
res1[img < lower] = 0
# Cast to RGB image so that Tkinter can handle it
res = np.zeros((img.shape[0], img.shape[1], 3), dtype=np.uint8)
res[:, :, 0] = res[:, :, 1] = res[:, :, 2] = res1 * 255
return res
def get_axial_image(self, index, upper, lower):
# int32 true values (HU or brightness units)
img = self.values[:, :, index]
res1 = np.zeros(img.shape)
res1[img < upper] = 1
res1[img < lower] = 0
# Cast to RGB image so that Tkinter can handle it
res = np.zeros((img.shape[0], img.shape[1], 3), dtype=np.uint8)
res[:, :, 0] = res[:, :, 1] = res[:, :, 2] = res1 * 255
return res
def get_current_sagittal_image(self, upper, lower):
return self.get_sagittal_image(self._index_sagittal, upper, lower), self._index_sagittal
def get_current_axial_image(self, upper, lower):
return self.get_axial_image(self._index_axial, upper, lower), self._index_axial
The solution in my opinion would therefore be to modify the pixel size of the canvas... But I have not been able to find a way to modify this. Would anyone have an idea?
无法修改 canvas 中的像素大小。您唯一的选择是调整图像大小。
这是我想要做的：
我正在设计一个允许查看 DICOM 图像等功能的应用程序。我所说的“图像”实际上是一组包含与切片对应的二维数组的文件。我正在使用 Tkinter 提供 UI。我的应用程序只需要显示二进制图像。
为了显示切片，我使用 tk.Canvas 可以非常快速地显示图像。事实上，我需要最优化的显示设备，因为我希望用户能够使用鼠标滚轮在切片之间移动。
问题是：显示切片时，canvas 总是为像素分配相同的尺寸，因此分辨率较低的图像显得非常小。我想做的是通过调整 canvas.
的大小来防止用户杀死 his/her 眼睛我当然想在图像上使用 PIL.Image().resize() 然后转换为 PIL.ImageTk() 但这会导致两个问题：
- 调整大小越大，执行该过程所需的时间就越多，因此对查看器的优化就越少
- 此调整大小操作实际上修改了像素数，从而失去了原始分辨率。我不希望发生这种情况，因为我需要检索鼠标悬停在 canvas 上的位置，以原始分辨率 中的像素表示
因此，我认为解决方案是修改 canvas 的像素大小。如果可以一开始就定义好，那么就不需要调整大小，也不会有优化问题。
但是我还没有找到修改它的方法。有人有想法吗？
我只提供我的项目的框架和成像器，如果它可以帮助的话：
帧数：
import PIL.Image
import PIL.ImageTk
import numpy as np
from gui.statusbar import *
from tkinter.messagebox import showinfo
class DicomViewerFrame(Frame):
def __init__(self, parent):
Frame.__init__(self, parent)
self.parent = parent
self.image_ax = None
self.image_sag = None
self.photo_ax = None
self.photo_sag = None
self.canvas_axial = None
self.canvas_sagittal = None
self.imager = None
self.arr_axial = None
self.arr_sagittal = None
self.index_axial = None
self.index_sagittal = None
self.status_axial = None
self.status_sagittal = None
self.roi_definition = True
self.upper = 0
self.lower = 0
self.selection_axial = None
self.selection_sagittal = None
self.start_x = self.start_y = self.start_z = 0
self.end_x = self.end_y = self.end_z = 0
self.roi = None
self.offset = 700
self.init_viewer_frame()
def init_viewer_frame(self):
# Image canvas
self.canvas_axial = Canvas(self, bd=0, highlightthickness=0)
self.canvas_axial.grid(row=0, column=0, sticky="nw")
self.canvas_axial.bind("<MouseWheel>", self.scroll_axial_images)
self.canvas_axial.config(width=self.offset)
if self.roi_definition:
self.canvas_axial.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.on_move_press_axial)
self.canvas_axial.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self.on_button_press_axial)
self.canvas_axial.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self.on_button_release)
self.canvas_sagittal = Canvas(self, bd=0, highlightthickness=0)
self.canvas_sagittal.grid(row=0, column=1, sticky="nw")
self.canvas_sagittal.bind("<MouseWheel>", self.scroll_sagittal_images)
if self.roi_definition:
self.canvas_sagittal.bind("<B1-Motion>", self.on_move_press_sagittal)
self.canvas_sagittal.bind("<ButtonPress-1>", self.on_button_press_sagittal)
self.canvas_sagittal.bind("<ButtonRelease-1>", self.on_button_release)
# Status bar
self.status_axial = StatusBar(self)
self.status_axial.grid(row=3, column=0, sticky="w")
self.status_sagittal = StatusBar(self)
self.status_sagittal.grid(row=3, column=1, sticky="w")
self.canvas_axial.bind('<Motion>', self.motion_axial)
self.canvas_sagittal.bind('<Motion>', self.motion_sagittal)
def on_button_press_axial(self, event):
self.canvas_axial.delete(self.selection_axial)
self.canvas_sagittal.delete(self.selection_sagittal)
# save mouse drag start position
self.start_x = event.x
self.start_y = event.y
self.selection_axial = self.canvas_axial.create_rectangle(self.end_x, self.end_y, 0, 0, outline="green")
self.selection_sagittal = self.canvas_sagittal.create_rectangle(0, self.start_x, self.arr_sagittal.shape[1],
self.end_x, outline="green")
def on_button_press_sagittal(self, event):
self.canvas_sagittal.delete(self.selection_sagittal)
# save mouse drag start position
self.start_z = event.x
self.selection_sagittal = self.canvas_sagittal.create_rectangle(self.start_z, self.start_x, 0,
self.end_x, outline="green")
def on_move_press_axial(self, event):
curX, curY = (event.x, event.y)
self.end_x = curX
self.end_y = curY
self.motion_axial(event)
# expand rectangle as you drag the mouse
self.canvas_axial.coords(self.selection_axial, self.start_x, self.start_y, curX, curY)
self.canvas_sagittal.coords(self.selection_sagittal, 0, self.start_x, self.arr_sagittal.shape[1], curX)
def on_move_press_sagittal(self, event):
curZ = event.x
self.end_z = curZ
self.motion_sagittal(event)
# expand rectangle as you drag the mouse
self.canvas_sagittal.coords(self.selection_sagittal, self.start_z, self.start_x, curZ, self.end_x)
def on_button_release(self, event):
roi_axial = self.canvas_axial.bbox(self.selection_axial)
roi_sagittal = self.canvas_sagittal.bbox(self.selection_sagittal)
self.roi = ((roi_axial[0], roi_axial[1], roi_sagittal[0]), (roi_axial[2], roi_axial[3], roi_sagittal[2]))
def show_image(self, array_axial, index_axial, array_sagittal, index_sagittal):
self.upper = int(self.parent.pcd_preparer.get_current_upper().get())
self.lower = int(self.parent.pcd_preparer.get_current_lower().get())
if array_axial is None:
return
if array_sagittal is None:
return
# Convert numpy array into a PhotoImage and add it to canvas
self.image_ax = PIL.Image.fromarray(array_axial)
self.photo_ax = PIL.ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.image_ax)
self.image_sag = PIL.Image.fromarray(array_sagittal)
self.photo_sag = PIL.ImageTk.PhotoImage(self.image_sag)
self.canvas_axial.delete("IMG")
self.canvas_axial.create_image(0, 0, image=self.photo_ax, anchor=NW, tags="IMG")
self.canvas_axial.create_text(40, 10, fill="green", text="Slice " + str(index_axial), font=10)
self.canvas_axial.create_text(40, 40, fill="green", text="Axial", font=10)
self.canvas_sagittal.delete("IMG")
self.canvas_sagittal.create_image(0, 0, image=self.photo_sag, anchor=NW, tags="IMG")
self.canvas_sagittal.create_text(40, 10, fill="green", text="x = " + str(index_sagittal), font=10)
self.canvas_sagittal.create_text(40, 40, fill="green", text="Sagittal", font=10)
width_ax = self.image_ax.width
height_ax = self.image_ax.height
width_sag = self.image_sag.width
height_sag = self.image_sag.height
self.canvas_axial.configure(width=width_ax, height=height_ax)
self.canvas_sagittal.configure(width=width_sag, height=height_sag)
# We need to at least fit the entire image, but don't shrink if we don't have to
width_ax = max(self.parent.winfo_width(), width_ax)
height_ax = max(self.parent.winfo_height(), height_ax + StatusBar.height)
width_sag = max(self.parent.winfo_width(), width_sag)
height_sag = max(self.parent.winfo_height(), height_sag + StatusBar.height)
# Resize root window and prevent resizing smaller than the image
newsize = "{}x{}".format(width_ax + width_sag, height_ax + StatusBar.height)
self.parent.geometry(newsize)
# self.parent.minsize(width_ax + width_sag, height_ax + height_sag)
if self.selection_axial is not None:
self.selection_axial = self.canvas_axial.create_rectangle(self.start_x, self.start_y, self.end_x,
self.end_y, outline="green")
if self.selection_sagittal is not None:
self.selection_sagittal = self.canvas_sagittal.create_rectangle(self.start_z, self.start_x, self.end_z,
self.end_x, outline="green")
def scroll_sagittal_images(self, e):
self.imager.index_sagittal += int(e.delta / 120)
self.arr_sagittal, self.index_sagittal = self.imager.get_current_sagittal_image(self.upper, self.lower)
self.show_image(self.arr_axial, self.index_axial, self.arr_sagittal, self.index_sagittal)
def scroll_axial_images(self, e):
self.imager.index_axial += int(e.delta / 120)
self.arr_axial, self.index_axial = self.imager.get_current_axial_image(self.upper, self.lower)
self.show_image(self.arr_axial, self.index_axial, self.arr_sagittal, self.index_sagittal)
def change_range(self):
self.arr_axial, self.index_axial = self.imager.get_current_axial_image(self.upper, self.lower)
self.arr_sagittal, self.index_sagittal = self.imager.get_current_sagittal_image(self.upper, self.lower)
self.show_image(self.arr_axial, self.index_axial, self.arr_sagittal, self.index_sagittal)
def set_imager(self, im):
self.imager = im
def motion_axial(self, event):
x, y = event.x, event.y
self.status_axial.set('x = {}, y = {}'.format(x, y))
def motion_sagittal(self, event):
z, y = event.x, event.y
self.status_sagittal.set('y = {}, z = {}'.format(y, z))
成像器：
import numpy as np
class DicomImager:
def __init__(self, datasets):
self.values = None
self.datasets = datasets
self._index_axial = 0
self._index_sagittal = 0
self._window_width = 1
self._window_center = 0
self.size = (int(datasets[0].Rows), int(datasets[0].Columns), len(datasets))
self.spacings = (float(datasets[0].PixelSpacing[0]),
float(datasets[0].PixelSpacing[1]),
float(datasets[0].SliceThickness))
self.axes = (np.arange(0.0, (self.size[0] + 1) * self.spacings[0], self.spacings[0]),
np.arange(0.0, (self.size[2] + 1) * self.spacings[2], self.spacings[2]),
np.arange(0.0, (self.size[1] + 1) * self.spacings[1], self.spacings[1]))
# Load pixel data
self.values = np.zeros(self.size, dtype='int32')
for i, d in enumerate(datasets):
# Also performs rescaling. 'unsafe' since it converts from float64 to int32
np.copyto(self.values[:, :, i], d.pixel_array, 'unsafe')
self.max_value = np.amax(self.values)
self.min_value = np.amin(self.values)
@property
def index_sagittal(self):
return self._index_sagittal
@index_sagittal.setter
def index_sagittal(self, value):
while value < 0:
value += self.size[0]
self._index_sagittal = value % self.size[0]
@property
def index_axial(self):
return self._index_axial
@index_axial.setter
def index_axial(self, value):
while value < 0:
value += self.size[2]
self._index_axial = value % self.size[2]
@property
def window_width(self):
return self._window_width
@window_width.setter
def window_width(self, value):
self._window_width = max(value, 1)
@property
def window_center(self):
return self._window_center
@window_center.setter
def window_center(self, value):
self._window_center = value
def get_sagittal_image(self, index, upper, lower):
# int32 true values (HU or brightness units)
img = self.values[index, :, :]
res1 = np.zeros(img.shape)
res1[img < upper] = 1
res1[img < lower] = 0
# Cast to RGB image so that Tkinter can handle it
res = np.zeros((img.shape[0], img.shape[1], 3), dtype=np.uint8)
res[:, :, 0] = res[:, :, 1] = res[:, :, 2] = res1 * 255
return res
def get_axial_image(self, index, upper, lower):
# int32 true values (HU or brightness units)
img = self.values[:, :, index]
res1 = np.zeros(img.shape)
res1[img < upper] = 1
res1[img < lower] = 0
# Cast to RGB image so that Tkinter can handle it
res = np.zeros((img.shape[0], img.shape[1], 3), dtype=np.uint8)
res[:, :, 0] = res[:, :, 1] = res[:, :, 2] = res1 * 255
return res
def get_current_sagittal_image(self, upper, lower):
return self.get_sagittal_image(self._index_sagittal, upper, lower), self._index_sagittal
def get_current_axial_image(self, upper, lower):
return self.get_axial_image(self._index_axial, upper, lower), self._index_axial
The solution in my opinion would therefore be to modify the pixel size of the canvas... But I have not been able to find a way to modify this. Would anyone have an idea?
无法修改 canvas 中的像素大小。您唯一的选择是调整图像大小。