SQL 查询:仅从组中选择 NULL 值?

SQL query: selecting only NULL values from a group?

我正在处理看起来像这样的数据 table:

Names           City            Date        Color    Shape
John Smith      Baltimore       8/1/2015    Blue
John Smith      Baltimore       8/1/2015    Green 
John Smith      Baltimore       8/1/2015             Rectangle
John Smith      Baltimore       8/1/2015
John Smith      Baltimore       8/1/2015             Square
John Smith      Baltimore       8/1/2015
Rob Johnson     Baltimore       8/1/2015
Rob Johnson     Baltimore       8/1/2015
Rob Johnson     Baltimore       8/1/2015
Rob Johnson     Baltimore       8/1/2015
Rob Johnson     Baltimore       8/1/2015
Greg Jackson    Philadelphia    8/1/2015
Greg Jackson    Philadelphia    8/1/2015
Greg Jackson    Philadelphia    8/1/2015
Greg Jackson    Philadelphia    8/1/2015             Circle
Greg Jackson    Philadelphia    8/1/2015
Tom Green       Philadelphia    8/1/2015
Tom Green       Philadelphia    8/1/2015
Tom Green       Philadelphia    8/1/2015    Red
Tom Green       Philadelphia    8/1/2015
Tom Green       Philadelphia    8/1/2015        

我的查询目标是 SELECT 存在的所有五种数据类型,但要隔离名称字段中颜色和形状字段中具有 NULL 值的那些值。我在 MS Access 中写这个 SQL。到目前为止,我的查询如下所示:

SELECT [Names], [City], [Date], [Color], [Shape]
FROM [databasename]
WHERE 
 (
  ([Color] IS NULL)
   AND
  ([Shape] IS NULL)
 );

根据示例数据 table,我希望结果只包括 Rob Johnson,因为与该名称条目关联的所有行的颜色和形状字段都具有 NULL 值。但是,通过此查询,我也获得了所有其他名称,并返回了 Color 和 Shape 字段中具有 NULL 值的特定行。

因此,预期的输出将如下所示:

Names           City            Date        Color    Shape
Rob Johnson     Baltimore       8/1/2015

我怀疑我需要在这里使用 GROUP 运算符,但我不太确定该怎么做。有什么想法吗?

我想你想要这个:

 SELECT 
    DISTINCT [Names], [City], [Date], [Color], [Shape]
 FROM [table]
 WHERE [Names] NOT IN (
    SELECT [Names] FROM [table] WHERE ([Color] IS NOT NULL) OR 
                                      ([Shape] IS NOT NULL)
 ); 

可以通过其他方式完成,但这应该接近您的原始查询。

您可以使用聚合和内部联接:

SELECT d1.* FROM [database-name] d1
INNER JOIN (
    select Names,MAX(Color) as mc,MAX(Shape) as ms
    from [database-name]
    group by Names
            ) d2
ON d1.Names = d2.Names
WHERE mc IS NULL
AND ms IS NULL