Django 传递外键来查看

Question

你好，也许有人能给我指出正确的方向，我正在通过 Tango 和 Django 学习 Django，我也在关注官方 Django 教程，并为采购订单创建我自己的 Django 应用程序。

我需要了解如何访问另一个模型的外键详细信息并使用表单保存它。基本上我的应用程序在创建订单时有 Orders 和 Suppliers 我可以让供应商外键选项出现在表单上但是当我保存它时我也想用 suppier_name 保存到订单 table 当前它只是用 supplier_id 保存，我搜索了很多不同场景的例子，但就是无法理解，谢谢。

view.py

def add_order(request):
    if request.method == 'POST':
        form = OrderForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            form.save(commit=True)
            return orders(request)
        else:
            print(form.errors)
    else:
        form = OrderForm()

    context_dict = {'form':form}

    return render(
        request,
        'purchaseorders/add_order.html',
        context_dict
    )

model.py

# Create your models here.

class Supplier(models.Model):
    supplier_code = models.CharField(max_length=10)
    supplier_name = models.CharField(
        max_length=100,
        unique=True
    )
    supplier_email = models.EmailField(max_length=100)
    supplier_website = models.URLField(max_length=100)
    slug = models.SlugField(unique=True)

    def save(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.slug = slugify(self.supplier_name)
        super(Supplier,self).save(*args, **kwargs)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.supplier_name

    def __str__(self):
        return self.supplier_name

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = "Suppliers"


class Order(models.Model):
    supplier = models.ForeignKey(Supplier)
    po_number = models.IntegerField(default=0)
    ordered_by = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    order_date = models.DateTimeField()
    supplier_name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    net_value = models.DecimalField(
        decimal_places=2,
        max_digits=10
    )

    class Meta:
        verbose_name_plural = "Orders"

    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.po_number

forms.py

from django import forms
from PurchaseOrders.models import Supplier, Order

class SupplierForm(forms.ModelForm):
    supplier_code = forms.CharField(
        max_length=10,
        help_text="Please enter a unique code"
    )
    supplier_name = forms.CharField(
        max_length=100,
        help_text="Please enter the Suppliers full name"
    )
    supplier_email = forms.EmailField(
        max_length=100,
        help_text="Please enter a email address"
    )
    supplier_website = forms.URLField(
        max_length=100,
        help_text="Please enter a website"
    )
    slug = forms.CharField(
        widget=forms.HiddenInput(),
        required=False
    )

# an inline class to provide additional information on the form
    class Meta:
        # provide an association between the ModelForm and model
        model = Supplier
        fields = (
            'supplier_code', 'supplier_name', 
            'supplier_email', 'supplier_website'
        )

class OrderForm(forms.ModelForm):
    #list all form details except the Foreignkey connection
    po_number = forms.IntegerField(
        help_text="please enter a PO Number"
    )
    ordered_by = forms.CharField(
        max_length=50,
        help_text="please enter your name"
    )
    order_date = forms.DateTimeField(
        help_text="please enter a date of order"
    )
    #supplier_name = forms.ModelChoiceField(
        queryset=Supplier.objects.all()
    )
    net_value = forms.DecimalField(
        decimal_places=2,
        max_digits=10,
        help_text="please enter a net amount"
    )

    class Meta:
        # provide an association between the ModelForm and model
        model = Order

html

{% load staticfiles %} <!-- New line -->

<html>
    <head>
        <title>Purchase Orders</title>
    </head>

    <body>
    <img src="{% static "purchaseorders/images/po_icon.png" %}" 
    alt="PO icon" />
    <h1>Add a Order</h1>

    <form id="order_form" method="post" 
    action="/PurchaseOrders/add_order/{{ supplier }}">

        {% csrf_token %}
        {% for hidden in form.hidden_fields %}
            {{ hidden }}
        {% endfor %}
        <ul style="list-style-type:none ">
        {% for field in form.visible_fields %}
            <li></li>
            {{ field.errors }}
            {{ field.help_text }}
            <li>{{ field }}</li>
        {% endfor %}
        </ul>
        <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Add Order" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>

Answer 1

从所问的问题开始，您可以在模型的 save() 方法中捕获此数据：

class Order(models.Model):
    [...]
    def save(self, *args, **kw):
        if self.supplier_id is not None:
            self.supplier_name = self.supplier.supplier_name
        super(Order, self).save(*args, **kw)

但是，尽管在某些情况下上述内容可能是正确的（例如供应商名称预计会更改），但更典型的做法是通过现有关系简单地访问相关字段，例如：

myorder.supplier.supplier_name

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