c# 中的复杂 Xml 命名空间

Question

我正在尝试在 c# 中创建具有多个命名空间的 xml。我正在使用 LINQ XDocument 对象来创建 xml。 xml 的多个命名空间引起了很多混乱。谁能帮助我找到正确的方向。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<n1:Form109495CTransmittalUpstream
xmlns="urn:us:gov:treasury:irs:ext:aca:air:6.2" xmlns:irs="urn:us:gov:treasury:irs:common"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:n1="urn:us:gov:treasury:irs:msg:form1094-1095Ctransmitterupstreammessage"
xsi:schemaLocation="urn:us:gov:treasury:irs:msg:form1094-1095Ctransmitterupstreammessage IRS-Form1094-1095CTransmitterUpstreamMessage.xsd">
<Form1094CUpstreamDetail recordType="String" lineNum="0">
    <SubmissionId>1</SubmissionId>
    <irs:TaxYr>1000</irs:TaxYr>
    <irs:CorrectedInd>true</irs:CorrectedInd>
 </Form1094CUpstreamDetail>
</n1:Form109495CTransmittalUpstream>

C#代码

            new XDocument(
            new XAttribute(XNamespace.Xmlns + "version", "1.0"),
            new XAttribute(XNamespace.Xmlns + "encoding", "UTF-8"),
                new XElement("n1:Form109495CTransmittalUpstream","")
            ).Save("sample.xml");

Answer 1

您可能知道，XML 中的 'qualified name' 由命名空间和本地名称组成。为了使这更容易处理，您包括在这些命名空间前面加上命名空间声明。

因此，例如，在您看到 irs:TaxYr 的地方，限定名称实际上由 urn:us:gov:treasury:irs:common 命名空间和 TaxYr 本地名称组成。

前缀值本身并不重要 - 它们只是一种查找机制。 LINQ to XML 会自动为您处理（通过生成唯一的前缀，通常是 p1、p2 等），但您可以自己将它们作为属性包含在内。要为 irs 命名空间创建这样的声明，您需要创建以下属性：

new XAttribute(XNamespace.Xmlns + "irs", "urn:us:gov:treasury:irs:common")

LINQ to XML 还提供了一些巧妙的隐式转换，允许您从字符串隐式创建 XNamespace 和合格的 XName。因此，要获得您的 TaxYr 名称，您需要执行以下操作：

XNamespace irs = "urn:us:gov:treasury:irs:common";
XName taxYr = irs + "TaxYr";

按照每个元素和属性的所有方式，您的 XML 可以像这样以声明方式创建：

XNamespace def = "urn:us:gov:treasury:irs:ext:aca:air:6.2";
XNamespace irs = "urn:us:gov:treasury:irs:common";
XNamespace n1 = "urn:us:gov:treasury:irs:msg:form1094-1095Ctransmitterupstreammessage";
XNamespace xsi = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance";
var schemaHint = "urn:us:gov:treasury:irs:msg:form1094-1095Ctransmitterupstreammessage IRS-Form1094-1095CTransmitterUpstreamMessage.xsd";

var doc = new XDocument(
    new XElement(n1 + "Form109495CTransmittalUpstream",
        new XAttribute("xmlns", def),
        new XAttribute(XNamespace.Xmlns + "irs", irs),
        new XAttribute(XNamespace.Xmlns + "xsi", xsi),
        new XAttribute(XNamespace.Xmlns + "n1", n1),
        new XAttribute(xsi + "schemaLocation", schemaHint),
        new XElement(def + "Form1094CUpstreamDetail",
            new XAttribute("recordType", "String"),
            new XAttribute("lineNum", 0),
            new XElement(def + "SubmissionId", 1),
            new XElement(irs + "TaxYr", 1000),
            new XElement(irs + "CorrectedInd", true)
            )
        )
    );

Answer 2

我通常是这样做的

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Linq;
using System.Data;

namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            string xml =
              "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?>" +
                "<n1:Form109495CTransmittalUpstream" +
                    " xmlns=\"urn:us:gov:treasury:irs:ext:aca:air:6.2\" xmlns:irs=\"urn:us:gov:treasury:irs:common\"" +
                    " xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\"" +
                    " xmlns:n1=\"urn:us:gov:treasury:irs:msg:form1094-1095Ctransmitterupstreammessage\"" +
                    " xsi:schemaLocation=\"urn:us:gov:treasury:irs:msg:form1094-1095Ctransmitterupstreammessage IRS-Form1094-1095CTransmitterUpstreamMessage.xsd\">" +
                "</n1:Form109495CTransmittalUpstream>";

            XDocument doc = XDocument.Parse(xml);
            XElement form109495CTransmittalUpstream = (XElement)doc.FirstNode;
            XNamespace  def = form109495CTransmittalUpstream.GetDefaultNamespace();
            XNamespace irs = form109495CTransmittalUpstream.GetNamespaceOfPrefix("irs");
            XNamespace n1 = form109495CTransmittalUpstream.GetNamespaceOfPrefix("n1");

            XElement form1094CUpstreamDetail = new XElement(def + "Form1094CUpstreamDetail", new XAttribute[] {
                new XAttribute("recordType", "String"), new XAttribute("lineNum", 0)
            });
            form109495CTransmittalUpstream.Add(form1094CUpstreamDetail);

            form109495CTransmittalUpstream.Add(new XElement("SubmissionId", 1));
            form109495CTransmittalUpstream.Add(new XElement(irs + "TaxYr", 1000));
            form109495CTransmittalUpstream.Add(new XElement(irs + "CorrectedInd", true));

        }
    }
}

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