Java 相当于 OpenSSL AES CBC 加密
Java equivalent of an OpenSSL AES CBC encryption
我不是密码学专业人士，特别是由于 OpenSSL 缺少很多文档，我不确定如何解决这个问题。
我有一个外部系统需要接收加密消息。提供的唯一示例以这种方式使用 OpenSSL：
$ openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -a -in t.txt -k testpass
U2FsdGVkX1/RUdaSJKRXhHv3zUyTsQwu5/ar2ECKDlrNyH5GL4xRR4fgxkiWqkS1
cQstcoSIgWfRPSOFj/5OtdNLeNXiVR6MxSKJ+NvS9LyUD8+Rg6XIcYUvxR4gHi3w
DWT44LAMCpRAh1Q0t4Z2g7rwb0D05T6ygLaWvB5zD/xGZD3brTqSlWmiJb9Imgda
M6soZO7BhbYdqWqEUl5r6+EbkD21f6L3NX3hJFo+BJ+VFctiAlBO8NwT5l4ogo/s
GErm8gqRr57XoX/kvKAimg==
t.txt 文件在一行中包含此字符串：
AMOUNT=10&TID=#19:23&CURRENCY=EUR&LANGUAGE=DE&SUCCESS_URL=http://some.url/sucess&ERROR_URL=http://some.url/error&CONFIRMATION_URL=http://some.url/confirm&NAME=customer full name`
我发现了 this 个其他问题，并且我已经能够使用以下代码进行加密：
String password = "passPhrase";
String salt = "15charRandomSalt";
int iterations = 100;
/* Derive the key, given password and salt. */
SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256");
KeySpec spec = new PBEKeySpec(password.toCharArray(), salt.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF8")), iterations, 256);
SecretKey tmp = factory.generateSecret(spec);
SecretKey secret = new SecretKeySpec(tmp.getEncoded(), "AES");
/* Encrypt the message. */
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secret);
AlgorithmParameters params = cipher.getParameters();
byte[] iv = params.getParameterSpec(IvParameterSpec.class).getIV();
byte[] cipherText = cipher.doFinal(toBeEncrypted.getBytes("UTF-8"));
encryptedData = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipherText);
encryptedData += Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(iv);
我不明白的是我应该如何生成与 OpenSSL 所做的类似的输出 (encryptedData)。我有 salt、iv 和 cipherText，OpenSSL 输出的 Base64 编码结果是这些的串联结果吗？或者只有一个？
我在加密之前唯一与其他系统共享的是密码。如果他们不知道盐和迭代次数，他们如何解密结果？
谁能给出那些未知参数的答案，并告诉我上面的代码是否等同于 OpenSSL 过程？
您可以查看 this discussion 将密钥生成算法指定为两个 MD5 哈希值的串联。
关于那里提到的盐，opensssl enc man page 说：
When the salt is being used the first eight bytes of the encrypted
data are reserved for the salt: it is generated at random when
encrypting a file and read from the encrypted file when it is
decrypted.
下面是Java解密上述OPENSSL加密的程序（需要Java8）：
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Base64.Decoder;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
public class TestAesDecrypt {
public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
final byte[] pass = "testpass".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
final byte[] magic = "Salted__".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
final String inFile = "e:/t/e.txt";
String source = new String(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(inFile)),
StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
source = source.replaceAll("\s", "");
final Decoder decoder = Base64.getDecoder();
final byte[] inBytes = decoder.decode(source);
final byte[] shouldBeMagic = Arrays.copyOfRange(inBytes, 0,
magic.length);
if (!Arrays.equals(shouldBeMagic, magic)) {
System.out.println("Bad magic number");
return;
}
final byte[] salt = Arrays.copyOfRange(inBytes, magic.length,
magic.length + 8);
final byte[] passAndSalt = concat(pass, salt);
byte[] hash = new byte[0];
byte[] keyAndIv = new byte[0];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
final byte[] data = concat(hash, passAndSalt);
final MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
hash = md.digest(data);
keyAndIv = concat(keyAndIv, hash);
}
final byte[] keyValue = Arrays.copyOfRange(keyAndIv, 0, 32);
final byte[] iv = Arrays.copyOfRange(keyAndIv, 32, 48);
final Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
final SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(keyValue, "AES");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, new IvParameterSpec(iv));
final byte[] clear = cipher.doFinal(inBytes, 16, inBytes.length - 16);
final String clearText = new String(clear, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
System.out.println(clearText);
}
private static byte[] concat(final byte[] a, final byte[] b) {
final byte[] c = new byte[a.length + b.length];
System.arraycopy(a, 0, c, 0, a.length);
System.arraycopy(b, 0, c, a.length, b.length);
return c;
}
}
这个问题有一个公认的答案，有点旧，但这似乎是反复出现的问题。我有 2 个项目，我们与第三方通信，密码是带有预共享密钥的 OpenSSL AES。
我已经使用了 not-yet-common-ssl 库。然而，它似乎停留在版本 0。3.x 并且近 2 年没有发布，没有任何邮件列表流量或可见的开发我不得不得出结论，这基本上已经死了。
基于一些额外的 Whosebug 问题，我确实发现 Spring Security and Encryptor4j 两者似乎都提供了一些合理打包的文本编码。然而，尝试让 Spring Security 的加密器解码已知的编码文本字符串对我来说失败了，我猜测 OpenSSL 使用的 IV 和密钥生成在提供的实现中根本不支持。
通过检查上面的代码，以及已知的工作 C# 和 PHP 实现，我能够想出一个实用程序 class 目前正在通过我的互操作性测试。一般来说，我更愿意使用已知的库，但即使有，我也无法找到它。 class(https://gist.github.com/rrsIPOV/4d0f6be7c58173c16e9edf9f97c7d7f2)如下：
import groovy.transform.CompileStatic;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.*
/**
* Mimics the OpenSSL AES Cipher options for encrypting and decrypting messages using a shared key (aka password) with symetric ciphers.
*/
@CompileStatic
class OpenSslAes {
/** OpenSSL's magic initial bytes. */
private static final String SALTED_STR = "Salted__";
private static final byte[] SALTED_MAGIC = SALTED_STR.getBytes(US_ASCII);
static String encryptAndURLEncode(String password, String clearText) {
String encrypted = encrypt(password, clearText);
return URLEncoder.encode(encrypted, UTF_8.name() );
}
/**
*
* @param password The password / key to encrypt with.
* @param data The data to encrypt
* @return A base64 encoded string containing the encrypted data.
*/
static String encrypt(String password, String clearText) {
final byte[] pass = password.getBytes(US_ASCII);
final byte[] salt = (new SecureRandom()).generateSeed(8);
final byte[] inBytes = clearText.getBytes(UTF_8);
final byte[] passAndSalt = array_concat(pass, salt);
byte[] hash = new byte[0];
byte[] keyAndIv = new byte[0];
for (int i = 0; i < 3 && keyAndIv.length < 48; i++) {
final byte[] hashData = array_concat(hash, passAndSalt);
final MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
hash = md.digest(hashData);
keyAndIv = array_concat(keyAndIv, hash);
}
final byte[] keyValue = Arrays.copyOfRange(keyAndIv, 0, 32);
final byte[] iv = Arrays.copyOfRange(keyAndIv, 32, 48);
final SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(keyValue, "AES");
final Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key, new IvParameterSpec(iv));
byte[] data = cipher.doFinal(inBytes);
data = array_concat(array_concat(SALTED_MAGIC, salt), data);
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString( data );
}
/**
* @see for what looks like a useful answer. The not-yet-commons-ssl also has an implementation
* @param password
* @param source The encrypted data
* @return
*/
static String decrypt(String password, String source) {
final byte[] pass = password.getBytes(US_ASCII);
final byte[] inBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(source);
final byte[] shouldBeMagic = Arrays.copyOfRange(inBytes, 0, SALTED_MAGIC.length);
if (!Arrays.equals(shouldBeMagic, SALTED_MAGIC)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Initial bytes from input do not match OpenSSL SALTED_MAGIC salt value.");
}
final byte[] salt = Arrays.copyOfRange(inBytes, SALTED_MAGIC.length, SALTED_MAGIC.length + 8);
final byte[] passAndSalt = array_concat(pass, salt);
byte[] hash = new byte[0];
byte[] keyAndIv = new byte[0];
for (int i = 0; i < 3 && keyAndIv.length < 48; i++) {
final byte[] hashData = array_concat(hash, passAndSalt);
final MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
hash = md.digest(hashData);
keyAndIv = array_concat(keyAndIv, hash);
}
final byte[] keyValue = Arrays.copyOfRange(keyAndIv, 0, 32);
final SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(keyValue, "AES");
final byte[] iv = Arrays.copyOfRange(keyAndIv, 32, 48);
final Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, new IvParameterSpec(iv));
final byte[] clear = cipher.doFinal(inBytes, 16, inBytes.length - 16);
return new String(clear, UTF_8);
}
private static byte[] array_concat(final byte[] a, final byte[] b) {
final byte[] c = new byte[a.length + b.length];
System.arraycopy(a, 0, c, 0, a.length);
System.arraycopy(b, 0, c, a.length, b.length);
return c;
}
}
此时 openssl 版本 1.1.0f-3 需要摘要函数 SHA-256。没有这个它就无法解码。
我不是密码学专业人士，特别是由于 OpenSSL 缺少很多文档，我不确定如何解决这个问题。
我有一个外部系统需要接收加密消息。提供的唯一示例以这种方式使用 OpenSSL：
$ openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -a -in t.txt -k testpass
U2FsdGVkX1/RUdaSJKRXhHv3zUyTsQwu5/ar2ECKDlrNyH5GL4xRR4fgxkiWqkS1
cQstcoSIgWfRPSOFj/5OtdNLeNXiVR6MxSKJ+NvS9LyUD8+Rg6XIcYUvxR4gHi3w
DWT44LAMCpRAh1Q0t4Z2g7rwb0D05T6ygLaWvB5zD/xGZD3brTqSlWmiJb9Imgda
M6soZO7BhbYdqWqEUl5r6+EbkD21f6L3NX3hJFo+BJ+VFctiAlBO8NwT5l4ogo/s
GErm8gqRr57XoX/kvKAimg==
t.txt 文件在一行中包含此字符串：
AMOUNT=10&TID=#19:23&CURRENCY=EUR&LANGUAGE=DE&SUCCESS_URL=http://some.url/sucess&ERROR_URL=http://some.url/error&CONFIRMATION_URL=http://some.url/confirm&NAME=customer full name`
我发现了 this 个其他问题，并且我已经能够使用以下代码进行加密：
String password = "passPhrase";
String salt = "15charRandomSalt";
int iterations = 100;
/* Derive the key, given password and salt. */
SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256");
KeySpec spec = new PBEKeySpec(password.toCharArray(), salt.getBytes(Charset.forName("UTF8")), iterations, 256);
SecretKey tmp = factory.generateSecret(spec);
SecretKey secret = new SecretKeySpec(tmp.getEncoded(), "AES");
/* Encrypt the message. */
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secret);
AlgorithmParameters params = cipher.getParameters();
byte[] iv = params.getParameterSpec(IvParameterSpec.class).getIV();
byte[] cipherText = cipher.doFinal(toBeEncrypted.getBytes("UTF-8"));
encryptedData = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipherText);
encryptedData += Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(iv);
我不明白的是我应该如何生成与 OpenSSL 所做的类似的输出 (encryptedData)。我有 salt、iv 和 cipherText，OpenSSL 输出的 Base64 编码结果是这些的串联结果吗？或者只有一个？
我在加密之前唯一与其他系统共享的是密码。如果他们不知道盐和迭代次数，他们如何解密结果？
谁能给出那些未知参数的答案，并告诉我上面的代码是否等同于 OpenSSL 过程？
您可以查看 this discussion 将密钥生成算法指定为两个 MD5 哈希值的串联。
关于那里提到的盐，opensssl enc man page 说：
When the salt is being used the first eight bytes of the encrypted data are reserved for the salt: it is generated at random when encrypting a file and read from the encrypted file when it is decrypted.
下面是Java解密上述OPENSSL加密的程序（需要Java8）：
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.nio.file.Paths;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Base64.Decoder;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
public class TestAesDecrypt {
public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
final byte[] pass = "testpass".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
final byte[] magic = "Salted__".getBytes(StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
final String inFile = "e:/t/e.txt";
String source = new String(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(inFile)),
StandardCharsets.US_ASCII);
source = source.replaceAll("\s", "");
final Decoder decoder = Base64.getDecoder();
final byte[] inBytes = decoder.decode(source);
final byte[] shouldBeMagic = Arrays.copyOfRange(inBytes, 0,
magic.length);
if (!Arrays.equals(shouldBeMagic, magic)) {
System.out.println("Bad magic number");
return;
}
final byte[] salt = Arrays.copyOfRange(inBytes, magic.length,
magic.length + 8);
final byte[] passAndSalt = concat(pass, salt);
byte[] hash = new byte[0];
byte[] keyAndIv = new byte[0];
for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
final byte[] data = concat(hash, passAndSalt);
final MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
hash = md.digest(data);
keyAndIv = concat(keyAndIv, hash);
}
final byte[] keyValue = Arrays.copyOfRange(keyAndIv, 0, 32);
final byte[] iv = Arrays.copyOfRange(keyAndIv, 32, 48);
final Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
final SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(keyValue, "AES");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, new IvParameterSpec(iv));
final byte[] clear = cipher.doFinal(inBytes, 16, inBytes.length - 16);
final String clearText = new String(clear, StandardCharsets.ISO_8859_1);
System.out.println(clearText);
}
private static byte[] concat(final byte[] a, final byte[] b) {
final byte[] c = new byte[a.length + b.length];
System.arraycopy(a, 0, c, 0, a.length);
System.arraycopy(b, 0, c, a.length, b.length);
return c;
}
}
这个问题有一个公认的答案，有点旧，但这似乎是反复出现的问题。我有 2 个项目，我们与第三方通信，密码是带有预共享密钥的 OpenSSL AES。
我已经使用了 not-yet-common-ssl 库。然而，它似乎停留在版本 0。3.x 并且近 2 年没有发布，没有任何邮件列表流量或可见的开发我不得不得出结论，这基本上已经死了。
基于一些额外的 Whosebug 问题，我确实发现 Spring Security and Encryptor4j 两者似乎都提供了一些合理打包的文本编码。然而，尝试让 Spring Security 的加密器解码已知的编码文本字符串对我来说失败了，我猜测 OpenSSL 使用的 IV 和密钥生成在提供的实现中根本不支持。
通过检查上面的代码，以及已知的工作 C# 和 PHP 实现，我能够想出一个实用程序 class 目前正在通过我的互操作性测试。一般来说，我更愿意使用已知的库，但即使有，我也无法找到它。 class(https://gist.github.com/rrsIPOV/4d0f6be7c58173c16e9edf9f97c7d7f2)如下：
import groovy.transform.CompileStatic;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.*
/**
* Mimics the OpenSSL AES Cipher options for encrypting and decrypting messages using a shared key (aka password) with symetric ciphers.
*/
@CompileStatic
class OpenSslAes {
/** OpenSSL's magic initial bytes. */
private static final String SALTED_STR = "Salted__";
private static final byte[] SALTED_MAGIC = SALTED_STR.getBytes(US_ASCII);
static String encryptAndURLEncode(String password, String clearText) {
String encrypted = encrypt(password, clearText);
return URLEncoder.encode(encrypted, UTF_8.name() );
}
/**
*
* @param password The password / key to encrypt with.
* @param data The data to encrypt
* @return A base64 encoded string containing the encrypted data.
*/
static String encrypt(String password, String clearText) {
final byte[] pass = password.getBytes(US_ASCII);
final byte[] salt = (new SecureRandom()).generateSeed(8);
final byte[] inBytes = clearText.getBytes(UTF_8);
final byte[] passAndSalt = array_concat(pass, salt);
byte[] hash = new byte[0];
byte[] keyAndIv = new byte[0];
for (int i = 0; i < 3 && keyAndIv.length < 48; i++) {
final byte[] hashData = array_concat(hash, passAndSalt);
final MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
hash = md.digest(hashData);
keyAndIv = array_concat(keyAndIv, hash);
}
final byte[] keyValue = Arrays.copyOfRange(keyAndIv, 0, 32);
final byte[] iv = Arrays.copyOfRange(keyAndIv, 32, 48);
final SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(keyValue, "AES");
final Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key, new IvParameterSpec(iv));
byte[] data = cipher.doFinal(inBytes);
data = array_concat(array_concat(SALTED_MAGIC, salt), data);
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString( data );
}
/**
* @see for what looks like a useful answer. The not-yet-commons-ssl also has an implementation
* @param password
* @param source The encrypted data
* @return
*/
static String decrypt(String password, String source) {
final byte[] pass = password.getBytes(US_ASCII);
final byte[] inBytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(source);
final byte[] shouldBeMagic = Arrays.copyOfRange(inBytes, 0, SALTED_MAGIC.length);
if (!Arrays.equals(shouldBeMagic, SALTED_MAGIC)) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Initial bytes from input do not match OpenSSL SALTED_MAGIC salt value.");
}
final byte[] salt = Arrays.copyOfRange(inBytes, SALTED_MAGIC.length, SALTED_MAGIC.length + 8);
final byte[] passAndSalt = array_concat(pass, salt);
byte[] hash = new byte[0];
byte[] keyAndIv = new byte[0];
for (int i = 0; i < 3 && keyAndIv.length < 48; i++) {
final byte[] hashData = array_concat(hash, passAndSalt);
final MessageDigest md = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
hash = md.digest(hashData);
keyAndIv = array_concat(keyAndIv, hash);
}
final byte[] keyValue = Arrays.copyOfRange(keyAndIv, 0, 32);
final SecretKeySpec key = new SecretKeySpec(keyValue, "AES");
final byte[] iv = Arrays.copyOfRange(keyAndIv, 32, 48);
final Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key, new IvParameterSpec(iv));
final byte[] clear = cipher.doFinal(inBytes, 16, inBytes.length - 16);
return new String(clear, UTF_8);
}
private static byte[] array_concat(final byte[] a, final byte[] b) {
final byte[] c = new byte[a.length + b.length];
System.arraycopy(a, 0, c, 0, a.length);
System.arraycopy(b, 0, c, a.length, b.length);
return c;
}
}
此时 openssl 版本 1.1.0f-3 需要摘要函数 SHA-256。没有这个它就无法解码。