如何导入 PyMEL 内核？
How do I import PyMEL core?
我正在导入 maya.standalone，对其进行初始化，然后将 pymel.core as pmc 导入我的 Maya Python 解释器，即在 powershell 中的 运行。在这一点上，我收到了很多警告。在我调用：xform, shape = pmc.polysphere() 之后，我收到警告：name 'xform' is not defined
这是 pymel 导入的输出
> Warning: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/initialStartup.mel line 195:
> Y-axis is already the Up-axis Initialized VP2.0 renderer { Version :
> 6.3.16.0. Feature Level 5. Adapter : Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600 Vendor ID: 32902. Device ID : 1046 Driver :
> nvwgf2umx.dll:9.18.13.5306. API : DirectX V.11. Max texture size :
> 16384 * 16384. Max tex coords : 32 Shader versions supported
> (Vertex: 5, Geometry: 5, Pixel 5). Active stereo support available :
> 0 GPU Memory Limit : 2080 MB. CPU Memory Limit: 15472.7 MB. }
> OpenCL evaluator is attempting to initialize OpenCL. Detected 2 OpenCL
> Platforms: 0: Intel(R) Corporation. Intel(R) OpenCL. OpenCL 1.2 .
> Supported extensions: cl_intel_dx9_media_sharing
> cl_khr_byte_addressable_store cl_khr_d3d11_sharing
> cl_khr_dx9_media_sharing cl_khr_gl_sharing
> cl_khr_global_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_global
> _int32_extended_atomics cl_khr_icd cl_khr_local_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_local_int32_extended_atomics 1: NVIDIA Corporation. NVIDIA
> CUDA. OpenCL 1.2 CUDA 7.5.8. Supported extensions:
> cl_khr_byte_addressable_store cl_khr_icd cl_khr_gl_sharing
> cl_nv_compiler_options cl_nv_device_attribute_query
> cl_nv_pragma_unroll cl_nv_d3d9_sharing cl_nv_d3d10_shari ng
> cl_khr_d3d10_sharing cl_nv_d3d11_sharing cl_nv_copy_opts OpenCL
> evaluator choosing OpenCL platform Intel(R) Corporation. Choosing
> OpenCL Device Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600. Device Type: GPU Device is
> available. OpenCL device does not support out of order execution
>
> Error: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/plug-ins/xgen/scripts/igInitialize.mel line
> 63: ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named xgenm
> Error: Unable to execute igInitialize.mel. Unable to execute
> igInitialize.mel.Error: line 0: ImportError: file <maya console> line
> 1: No module named xgenm Error: Unable to execute xgen.mel. Unable to
> execute xgen.mel.xgmNurbsPatch [u'containerBase', u'entity',
> u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmP atch',
> u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmNurbsPatch'] pymel.internal.apicache : WARNING
> : lineage for node xgmNurbsPatch is cyclical: [u'containerBase',
> u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u's urfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmPatch',
> u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u' xgmNurbsPatch'] xgmSubdPatch [u'containerBase',
> u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmPatch',
> u'containerBase', u'e ntity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmSubdPatch'] pymel.internal.apicache : WARNING
> : lineage for node xgmSubdPatch is cyclical: [u'containerBase',
> u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'su rfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmPatch',
> u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'x gmSubdPatch'] xgmArchiveGuide
> [u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmGuide', u'containerBase', u'entity',
> u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape',
> u'xgmArchiveGuide'] pymel.internal.apicache : WARNING : lineage for
> node xgmArchiveGuide is cyclical: [u'containerBase', u'entity',
> u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u 'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmGuide',
> u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmArchiveGuide'] xgmCardGuide [u'containerBase',
> u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmGuide',
> u'containerBase', u'e ntity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmCardGuide'] pymel.internal.apicache : WARNING
> : lineage for node xgmCardGuide is cyclical: [u'containerBase',
> u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'su rfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmGuide',
> u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'x gmCardGuide'] xgmSphereGuide [u'containerBase',
> u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmGuide',
> u'containerBase', u 'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmSphereGuide'] pymel.internal.apicache :
> WARNING : lineage for node xgmSphereGuide is cyclical:
> [u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u' surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmGuide', u'containerBase', u'entity',
> u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u
> 'xgmSphereGuide'] xgmSplineGuide [u'containerBase', u'entity',
> u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmGuide',
> u'containerBase', u 'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmSplineGuide'] pymel.internal.apicache :
> WARNING : lineage for node xgmSplineGuide is cyclical:
> [u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u' surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmGuide', u'containerBase', u'entity',
> u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u
> 'xgmSplineGuide'] AbcExport v1.0 using Alembic 1.5.4 (built May 8
> 2014 13:47:10) Error: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named
> mtoa.lightFilters
>
> API error detected in plugins\mtoa\extension\PxMayaNode.cpp at line
> 222 : (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure Error: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named
> mtoa.lightFilters
>
> API error detected in plugins\mtoa\extension\PxMayaNode.cpp at line
> 222 : (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure Error: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named
> mtoa.lightFilters
>
> API error detected in plugins\mtoa\extension\PxMayaNode.cpp at line
> 222 : (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure Error: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named
> mtoa.lightFilters
>
> API error detected in plugins\mtoa\extension\PxMayaNode.cpp at line
> 222 : (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure 00:00:00 359MB ERROR
> | [mtoa] [xgenTranslator] Could not find xgen_procedural in search
> path $ARNOLD_PLUGIN_PATH Error: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named
> mtoa.api.extensions
>
> API error detected in plugins\mtoa\extension\ExtensionsManager.cpp at
> line 571 : (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure Error: file:
> C:/Program Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel
> line 46: ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named
> mtoa.api.extensions
>
> API error detected in plugins\mtoa\extension\ExtensionsManager.cpp at
> line 571 : (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure Error: file:
> C:/Program Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel
> line 46: ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named
> mtoa.api.extensions
>
> API error detected in plugins\mtoa\extension\ExtensionsManager.cpp at
> line 571 : (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure Error: file:
> C:/Program Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel
> line 46: ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named
> arnold
>
> API error detected in plugins\mtoa\Main.cpp at line 770 : (kFailure):
> Unexpected Internal Failure 00:00:00 362MB ERROR | Failed to
> import python module 'arnold' Error: Failed to import python module
> 'arnold' aiSkyDomeLight [u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode',
> u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'locator', u'THlocatorShape',
> u'SphereLocator', u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape',
> u'geo metryShape', u'locator', u'THlocatorShape', u'aiSkyDomeLight']
> pymel.internal.apicache : WARNING : lineage for node aiSkyDomeLight is
> cyclical: [u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape',
> u'geometryShape', u'locator', u'THlocatorShape', u'Sphere Locator',
> u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'locator', u'THlocatorShape', u'aiSkyDomeLight'] aiSky
> [u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'locator', u'THlocatorShape', u'SphereLocator', u'containerBase',
> u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShap e', u'locator',
> u'THlocatorShape', u'aiSky'] pymel.internal.apicache : WARNING :
> lineage for node aiSky is cyclical: [u'containerBase', u'entity',
> u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'locator', u'THlocatorShape',
> u'SphereLocator', u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape',
> u'geometryShape', u'locator', u'THlocatorShape', u'aiSky'] Error:
> file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> initializePlugin function failed (mtoa) AbcImport v1.0 using Alembic
> 1.5.4 (built May 8 2014 13:47:10) BifrostMain plug-in loaded (built Feb 26 2015 18:01:51) Error: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> ImportError: file C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/plug-ins/xgen/plug-ins/xgenMR.py line 9: No m
> odule named xgenm Warning: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> Failed to run file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/plug-ins/xgen/plug-ins/xgenMR.py pymel : ERROR
> : Failed to get controlCommand list from xgenMR pymel : ERROR : Failed
> to get modelEditorCommand list from xgenMR pymel : ERROR : Failed to
> get command list from xgenMR pymel : ERROR : Failed to get
> constraintCommand list from xgenMR pymel.core : ERROR : Failed to get
> depend nodes list from xgenMR Error: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> (xgenMR)
> >>>
我正在阅读实用的 Maya 编程这本书，这里是书中的文字：
Now we will start digging into Maya and PyMEL. Let's begin by
initializing Maya in the mayapy interpreter so we can use more than
just standard Python functionality. We do this by calling
maya.standalone.initialize, as shown in the following code:
>>> import maya.standalone
>>> maya.standalone.initialize()
>>> import pymel.core as pmc
>>> xform, shape = pmc.polySphere()
The import of pymel.core will implicitly call maya.standalone.initialize automatically, but I do it
explicitly here so it's clear what's going on. In the future, you can
generally skip the call to maya.standalone.initialize and just import
pymel.core.
There is a lot we can discover about these PyMEL objects,
which represent Maya nodes, using basic Python. For example, to see
the type of either of our objects, we can use the built-in type
function (we will dig much deeper into types later in this chapter).
任何人都可以解释我在解释器中遇到的错误并提供解决方案吗？
（这不是一个完整的答案，但我是菜鸟，所以我不能发表评论。）
一堆警告，看起来像
xgmNurbsPatch [u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmPatch', u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmNurbsPatch']
# Warning: pymel.internal.apicache : lineage for node xgmNurbsPatch is cyclical: [u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmPatch', u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmNurbsPatch'] #
（我认为）是 Maya 2016 的问题，可能不是您需要担心的任何问题。
我在脚本编辑器中工作，而不是使用 maya.standalone。当我将 Pymel 导入 Maya 2016 时，我收到了 6 个针对各种 'xgm' 类 的警告，和你一样。在以前的 Maya 版本中没有发生这种情况。
至于错误，mtoa/Arnold和xgen都是插件（而且你所有的错误似乎都与插件加载有关）。也许你可以禁用它们？抱歉，我没有在主 Maya 应用程序之外使用 Maya Python 解释器。
编辑：我在此处看到其他人（或者您？）在使用 XGen、Arnold 和 Maya 2016 时遇到类似错误：
http://forums.cgsociety.org/archive/index.php?t-1287693.html
当您使用 windows 时，确保您没有使用 Powershell ISE。只需使用标准 Powershell.
正如@Boon 所说，这些错误中的大部分来自插件和 Maya 的一些本来可以写得更好的部分。
因为你正在专注于学习编程，所以你不需要那些插件。您可以从交互式 Maya 会话中禁用它们：
- 打开 Maya。
- 选择Windows->Settings/Preferences->插件管理器
- 关闭所有不在的插件的 "Loaded" 和 "Auto Load"
顶部：即 Xgen、Bifrost、Substance、mtoa 等
- 关闭 Maya。
现在在您的 shell 中重试：
mayapy
import maya.standalone
maya.standalone.initialize()
import pymel.core as pm
此时，我看到有关 Y-Up 的警告和一些 Alembic 版本信息，除此之外没有其他任何内容。没什么好担心的。
提示是>>>，这是好事。您现在应该能够输入 pymel 命令：
键入（一次一个以查看输出）：
pm.about(version=True)
pm.polySphere()
pm.ls(type="mesh")
编辑
如果您使用的是 powershell 并且已经设置了配置文件，则可以通过将以下行添加到您的配置文件来节省一些时间。ps1:
function ms { mayapy -i -c "import maya.standalone;maya.standalone.initialize();import pymel.core as pm;print('maya standalone initialized and pymel.core imported as pm')" }
现在您可以打开电源shell，键入ms并开始编码。
我正在导入 maya.standalone，对其进行初始化，然后将 pymel.core as pmc 导入我的 Maya Python 解释器，即在 powershell 中的 运行。在这一点上，我收到了很多警告。在我调用：xform, shape = pmc.polysphere() 之后，我收到警告：name 'xform' is not defined
这是 pymel 导入的输出
> Warning: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/initialStartup.mel line 195:
> Y-axis is already the Up-axis Initialized VP2.0 renderer { Version :
> 6.3.16.0. Feature Level 5. Adapter : Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600 Vendor ID: 32902. Device ID : 1046 Driver :
> nvwgf2umx.dll:9.18.13.5306. API : DirectX V.11. Max texture size :
> 16384 * 16384. Max tex coords : 32 Shader versions supported
> (Vertex: 5, Geometry: 5, Pixel 5). Active stereo support available :
> 0 GPU Memory Limit : 2080 MB. CPU Memory Limit: 15472.7 MB. }
> OpenCL evaluator is attempting to initialize OpenCL. Detected 2 OpenCL
> Platforms: 0: Intel(R) Corporation. Intel(R) OpenCL. OpenCL 1.2 .
> Supported extensions: cl_intel_dx9_media_sharing
> cl_khr_byte_addressable_store cl_khr_d3d11_sharing
> cl_khr_dx9_media_sharing cl_khr_gl_sharing
> cl_khr_global_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_global
> _int32_extended_atomics cl_khr_icd cl_khr_local_int32_base_atomics cl_khr_local_int32_extended_atomics 1: NVIDIA Corporation. NVIDIA
> CUDA. OpenCL 1.2 CUDA 7.5.8. Supported extensions:
> cl_khr_byte_addressable_store cl_khr_icd cl_khr_gl_sharing
> cl_nv_compiler_options cl_nv_device_attribute_query
> cl_nv_pragma_unroll cl_nv_d3d9_sharing cl_nv_d3d10_shari ng
> cl_khr_d3d10_sharing cl_nv_d3d11_sharing cl_nv_copy_opts OpenCL
> evaluator choosing OpenCL platform Intel(R) Corporation. Choosing
> OpenCL Device Intel(R) HD Graphics 4600. Device Type: GPU Device is
> available. OpenCL device does not support out of order execution
>
> Error: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/plug-ins/xgen/scripts/igInitialize.mel line
> 63: ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named xgenm
> Error: Unable to execute igInitialize.mel. Unable to execute
> igInitialize.mel.Error: line 0: ImportError: file <maya console> line
> 1: No module named xgenm Error: Unable to execute xgen.mel. Unable to
> execute xgen.mel.xgmNurbsPatch [u'containerBase', u'entity',
> u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmP atch',
> u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmNurbsPatch'] pymel.internal.apicache : WARNING
> : lineage for node xgmNurbsPatch is cyclical: [u'containerBase',
> u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u's urfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmPatch',
> u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u' xgmNurbsPatch'] xgmSubdPatch [u'containerBase',
> u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmPatch',
> u'containerBase', u'e ntity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmSubdPatch'] pymel.internal.apicache : WARNING
> : lineage for node xgmSubdPatch is cyclical: [u'containerBase',
> u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'su rfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmPatch',
> u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'x gmSubdPatch'] xgmArchiveGuide
> [u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmGuide', u'containerBase', u'entity',
> u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape',
> u'xgmArchiveGuide'] pymel.internal.apicache : WARNING : lineage for
> node xgmArchiveGuide is cyclical: [u'containerBase', u'entity',
> u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u 'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmGuide',
> u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmArchiveGuide'] xgmCardGuide [u'containerBase',
> u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmGuide',
> u'containerBase', u'e ntity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmCardGuide'] pymel.internal.apicache : WARNING
> : lineage for node xgmCardGuide is cyclical: [u'containerBase',
> u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'su rfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmGuide',
> u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'x gmCardGuide'] xgmSphereGuide [u'containerBase',
> u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmGuide',
> u'containerBase', u 'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmSphereGuide'] pymel.internal.apicache :
> WARNING : lineage for node xgmSphereGuide is cyclical:
> [u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u' surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmGuide', u'containerBase', u'entity',
> u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u
> 'xgmSphereGuide'] xgmSplineGuide [u'containerBase', u'entity',
> u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmGuide',
> u'containerBase', u 'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmSplineGuide'] pymel.internal.apicache :
> WARNING : lineage for node xgmSplineGuide is cyclical:
> [u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u' surfaceShape',
> u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmGuide', u'containerBase', u'entity',
> u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape',
> u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u
> 'xgmSplineGuide'] AbcExport v1.0 using Alembic 1.5.4 (built May 8
> 2014 13:47:10) Error: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named
> mtoa.lightFilters
>
> API error detected in plugins\mtoa\extension\PxMayaNode.cpp at line
> 222 : (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure Error: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named
> mtoa.lightFilters
>
> API error detected in plugins\mtoa\extension\PxMayaNode.cpp at line
> 222 : (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure Error: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named
> mtoa.lightFilters
>
> API error detected in plugins\mtoa\extension\PxMayaNode.cpp at line
> 222 : (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure Error: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named
> mtoa.lightFilters
>
> API error detected in plugins\mtoa\extension\PxMayaNode.cpp at line
> 222 : (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure 00:00:00 359MB ERROR
> | [mtoa] [xgenTranslator] Could not find xgen_procedural in search
> path $ARNOLD_PLUGIN_PATH Error: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named
> mtoa.api.extensions
>
> API error detected in plugins\mtoa\extension\ExtensionsManager.cpp at
> line 571 : (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure Error: file:
> C:/Program Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel
> line 46: ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named
> mtoa.api.extensions
>
> API error detected in plugins\mtoa\extension\ExtensionsManager.cpp at
> line 571 : (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure Error: file:
> C:/Program Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel
> line 46: ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named
> mtoa.api.extensions
>
> API error detected in plugins\mtoa\extension\ExtensionsManager.cpp at
> line 571 : (kFailure): Unexpected Internal Failure Error: file:
> C:/Program Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel
> line 46: ImportError: file <maya console> line 1: No module named
> arnold
>
> API error detected in plugins\mtoa\Main.cpp at line 770 : (kFailure):
> Unexpected Internal Failure 00:00:00 362MB ERROR | Failed to
> import python module 'arnold' Error: Failed to import python module
> 'arnold' aiSkyDomeLight [u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode',
> u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'locator', u'THlocatorShape',
> u'SphereLocator', u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape',
> u'geo metryShape', u'locator', u'THlocatorShape', u'aiSkyDomeLight']
> pymel.internal.apicache : WARNING : lineage for node aiSkyDomeLight is
> cyclical: [u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape',
> u'geometryShape', u'locator', u'THlocatorShape', u'Sphere Locator',
> u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'locator', u'THlocatorShape', u'aiSkyDomeLight'] aiSky
> [u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape',
> u'locator', u'THlocatorShape', u'SphereLocator', u'containerBase',
> u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShap e', u'locator',
> u'THlocatorShape', u'aiSky'] pymel.internal.apicache : WARNING :
> lineage for node aiSky is cyclical: [u'containerBase', u'entity',
> u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'locator', u'THlocatorShape',
> u'SphereLocator', u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape',
> u'geometryShape', u'locator', u'THlocatorShape', u'aiSky'] Error:
> file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> initializePlugin function failed (mtoa) AbcImport v1.0 using Alembic
> 1.5.4 (built May 8 2014 13:47:10) BifrostMain plug-in loaded (built Feb 26 2015 18:01:51) Error: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> ImportError: file C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/plug-ins/xgen/plug-ins/xgenMR.py line 9: No m
> odule named xgenm Warning: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> Failed to run file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/plug-ins/xgen/plug-ins/xgenMR.py pymel : ERROR
> : Failed to get controlCommand list from xgenMR pymel : ERROR : Failed
> to get modelEditorCommand list from xgenMR pymel : ERROR : Failed to
> get command list from xgenMR pymel : ERROR : Failed to get
> constraintCommand list from xgenMR pymel.core : ERROR : Failed to get
> depend nodes list from xgenMR Error: file: C:/Program
> Files/Autodesk/Maya2016/scripts/startup/autoLoadPlugin.mel line 46:
> (xgenMR)
> >>>
我正在阅读实用的 Maya 编程这本书，这里是书中的文字：
Now we will start digging into Maya and PyMEL. Let's begin by initializing Maya in the mayapy interpreter so we can use more than just standard Python functionality. We do this by calling maya.standalone.initialize, as shown in the following code:
>>> import maya.standalone
>>> maya.standalone.initialize()
>>> import pymel.core as pmc
>>> xform, shape = pmc.polySphere()
The import of pymel.core will implicitly call maya.standalone.initialize automatically, but I do it explicitly here so it's clear what's going on. In the future, you can generally skip the call to maya.standalone.initialize and just import pymel.core.
There is a lot we can discover about these PyMEL objects, which represent Maya nodes, using basic Python. For example, to see the type of either of our objects, we can use the built-in type function (we will dig much deeper into types later in this chapter).
任何人都可以解释我在解释器中遇到的错误并提供解决方案吗？
（这不是一个完整的答案，但我是菜鸟，所以我不能发表评论。）
一堆警告，看起来像
xgmNurbsPatch [u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmPatch', u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmNurbsPatch']
# Warning: pymel.internal.apicache : lineage for node xgmNurbsPatch is cyclical: [u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmPatch', u'containerBase', u'entity', u'dagNode', u'shape', u'geometryShape', u'deformableShape', u'controlPoint', u'surfaceShape', u'THsurfaceShape', u'xgmNurbsPatch'] #
（我认为）是 Maya 2016 的问题，可能不是您需要担心的任何问题。
我在脚本编辑器中工作，而不是使用 maya.standalone。当我将 Pymel 导入 Maya 2016 时，我收到了 6 个针对各种 'xgm' 类 的警告，和你一样。在以前的 Maya 版本中没有发生这种情况。
至于错误，mtoa/Arnold和xgen都是插件（而且你所有的错误似乎都与插件加载有关）。也许你可以禁用它们？抱歉，我没有在主 Maya 应用程序之外使用 Maya Python 解释器。
编辑：我在此处看到其他人（或者您？）在使用 XGen、Arnold 和 Maya 2016 时遇到类似错误： http://forums.cgsociety.org/archive/index.php?t-1287693.html
当您使用 windows 时，确保您没有使用 Powershell ISE。只需使用标准 Powershell.
正如@Boon 所说，这些错误中的大部分来自插件和 Maya 的一些本来可以写得更好的部分。
因为你正在专注于学习编程，所以你不需要那些插件。您可以从交互式 Maya 会话中禁用它们：
- 打开 Maya。
- 选择Windows->Settings/Preferences->插件管理器
- 关闭所有不在的插件的 "Loaded" 和 "Auto Load" 顶部：即 Xgen、Bifrost、Substance、mtoa 等
- 关闭 Maya。
现在在您的 shell 中重试：
mayapy
import maya.standalone
maya.standalone.initialize()
import pymel.core as pm
此时，我看到有关 Y-Up 的警告和一些 Alembic 版本信息，除此之外没有其他任何内容。没什么好担心的。
提示是>>>，这是好事。您现在应该能够输入 pymel 命令：
键入（一次一个以查看输出）：
pm.about(version=True)
pm.polySphere()
pm.ls(type="mesh")
编辑
如果您使用的是 powershell 并且已经设置了配置文件，则可以通过将以下行添加到您的配置文件来节省一些时间。ps1:
function ms { mayapy -i -c "import maya.standalone;maya.standalone.initialize();import pymel.core as pm;print('maya standalone initialized and pymel.core imported as pm')" }
现在您可以打开电源shell，键入ms并开始编码。