使用 XPATH 读取棘手 XML

Question

我是 Python 和 XPATH 的初学者，需要使用 XPATH 读取具有非统一节点（类似于下面提到的节点）的 XML。写入文件的输出格式也如下所示。代码使用 lxml 库。

请帮助我构建正确的 XPATH。

来源XML

<Classes>
    <German>
        <Student>
            <Span><a href="">John</a></Span>
        </Student>
        <Student>
            <Span>Adam</Span>
        </Student>
    </German>
    <English>
        <Student>
            <Span>Mary</Span>
        </Student>
    </English>
    <French>
        <Student>
            <Span><a href="">Anil</a></Span>
        </Student>
        <Student>
            <Span><a href="">Jack</a></Span>
        </Student>
    </French>
    <Spanish>
        <Student>
            <Span>Mary</Span>
        </Student>
        <Student>
            <Span>Jack</Span>
        </Student>
    </Spanish>
</Classes>

预期输出

German
    John
    Adam
English
    Mary
French
    Anil
    Jack
Spanish
    Mary
    Jack

谢谢，尼克尔

Answer 1

这段代码会有所帮助：

from lxml import html

xml_content = """<Classes>
    <German>
        <Student>
            <Span><a href="">John</a></Span>
        </Student>
        <Student>
            <Span>Adam</Span>
        </Student>
    </German>
    <English>
        <Student>
            <Span>Mary</Span>
        </Student>
    </English>
    <French>
        <Student>
            <Span><a href="">Anil</a></Span>
        </Student>
        <Student>
            <Span><a href="">Jack</a></Span>
        </Student>
    </French>
    <Spanish>
        <Student>
            <Span>Mary</Span>
        </Student>
        <Student>
            <Span>Jack</Span>
        </Student>
    </Spanish>
</Classes>"""

tree = html.fromstring(xml_content)
classes = tree.xpath('//classes/*')
for language_class in classes:
    print language_class.tag.capitalize()
    for student in language_class.xpath('.//student/span//text()'):
        print "    {}".format(student)

输出：

German
    John
    Adam
English
    Mary
French
    Anil
    Jack
Spanish
    Mary
    Jack

使用 XPATH 读取棘手 XML

Reading tricky XML with XPATH

python

lxml