扩展已经继承另一个 class 的 class

extending a class that already inherits another class

我继承了一些System.Windows.Forms-Control(大约10件)。 他们每个人都有一些自定义扩展,但每个控件的大部分扩展都是相同的。

实际上我必须为它们中的每一个单独编写相同的功能。 这是很多复制粘贴,难以维护。

class MyButton : Button
{
    //this is only in MyButton
    public int ButtonProperty { get; set; }

    public object Property1 { get; set; }
    public object Property2 { get; set; }

    public void MakeInvisible()
    {
        this.Visible = false;
    }
}

class MyLabel : Label
{
    //this is only in MyLabel
    public bool LabelProperty { get; set; }

    //same propertys and methods as in MyButton
    public object Property1 { get; set; }//copy+paste
    public object Property2 { get; set; }//copy+paste

    public void MakeInvisible()//copy+paste
    {
        this.Visible = false;
    }
}

我正在寻找的是一种扩展所有派生的 classes 的方法,就像您可以使用 interface 或扩展方法一样。 但我也想拥有属性并访问基础class (Control)

这就是我梦寐以求的:

class MyButton : Button, MyExtension
{   
    //this is only in MyButton
    public int ButtonProperty { get; set; }
}

class MyLabel : Label, MyExtension
{
    //this is only in MyLabel
    public bool LabelProperty { get; set; }
}

//Extension for all classes inherited from Control
class MyExtension : Control
{
    public object Property1 { get; set; }
    public object Property2 { get; set; }

    public void MakeInvisible()
    {
        this.Visible = false;
    }
}

C# 不支持多重继承。 您应该尝试这样的方法 - MyButton : MyExtension;MyExtension : Button。在这种情况下,您将使用 MyExtension 和 Button classes.

扩展 MyButton class

您可以为此目的使用扩展方法

public static class ControlHelper
{
    public static void MakeInvisible(this Control c)
    {
        c.Visible = false;
    }
}

并像这样使用它

var mb = new MyButton();
mb.MakeInvisible();

var ml = new MyLabel();
ml.MakeInvisible();

通过使用这种方法,您可以为基础 类 生成扩展方法并在派生 类.

中使用它

您可以使用合成,而不是从 ButtonLabel 继承。

class MyExtension
{
    protected Control control;

    public MyExtension(Control control)
    {
        this.control = control;
    }

    public object Property1 { get; set; }
    public object Property2 { get; set; }
    public void MakeInvisible()
    {
        this.control.Visible = false;
    }
}

class MyButton : MyExtension
{
    public MyButton(Button button):base(button){}
    public int ButtonProperty { get; set; }
}

class MyLabel : Label
{
    public MyButton(Label label):base(label){}
    public bool LabelProperty { get; set; }
}

如果您不想创建它的任何实例,您甚至可以创建 MyExtension abstract。这里的主要区别是您必须创建一个 ButtonLabel 才能传入,并且您可能希望将它们公开为 MyButtonMyLabel 的属性,所以你可以得到他们的财产。

想法:

  1. 为常用属性创建新类型

  2. 给每个控件一个属性那个类型

实施:

// TypeConverter required for PropertyGrid in design mode
// found here: 
[TypeConverter(typeof(ExpandableObjectConverter))]
public class MyExtension
{
    // need reference to control to work with in methods
    private Control _c;
    public MyExtension(Control c)
    {
        _c = c;
    }

    // can be inhereted for different controls, if necessary

    public string Property1 { get; set; }
    public string Property2 { get; set; }

    public void MakeInvisible()
    {
        _c.Visible = false;
    }
}
// common interface of extended controls
public interface IExtended
{
    MyExtension Extra { get; }
}
// MyButton implements extended interface
public class MyButton : Button, IExtended
{
    public MyButton()
    {
        // create extended properties for button
        Extra = new MyExtension(this);
    }

    // for designer serialization support
    [DesignerSerializationVisibility(DesignerSerializationVisibility.Content)]
    public MyExtension Extra { get; private set; }

    //this is only in MyButton
    public int ButtonProperty { get; set; }
}
// common extension methods
public static class MyControlHelper
{
    public static void MakeInvisible<TControl>(this TControl control) where TControl : Control, IExtended
    {
        control.Extra.MakeInvisible();
    }

    public static void Rename<TControl>(this TControl control) where TControl : Control, IExtended
    {
        control.Text = control.Extra.Property1;
    }
}

如果您需要利用扩展控件的 protected 方法和属性,那么您就走运了,如果不进行大量复制和粘贴,就无法实现您想要的效果。

如果您只需要访问 public 方法和属性,那么以下几行如何:

public interface IControlExtension
{
    Foo MyProperty { get; set; } 
    Blah MyMethod();
}

public abstract class ControlExtension: IControlExtension
{
     private Control owner;

     private ControlExtension(Control owner)
     {
         Debug.Assert(owner != null);
         this.owner = owner;
     }

     public static IControlExtension GetControlExtension(Control c)
     {
          if (c is Button ||
              c is Label)
          {
              return new SimpleControlExtension(c);
          }

          if (c is Panel || ...
          {
              return new ContainerControlExtension(c);
          }  
     }

     public abstract Foo MyProperty { get; set; }
     public abstract Blah MyMethod();

     private class SimpleControlExtension: ControlExtension
     {
          public override Foo MyProperty { .... }
          public override Blah MyMethod { .... 
     }

     private class ContainerControlExtension: ControlExtension
     {
          public override Foo MyProperty { .... }
          public override Blah MyMethod { .... }
     }
}

现在,在您所有的扩展控件中,复制和粘贴代码最少:

public class MyButton : Button
{   
    public MyButton()
    {
        ....
        var controlExtension = ControlExtension.GetControlExtension(this);
    }

    public IControlExtension { get { return controlExtension; } }
}