python 中的碰撞形状

Question

我的计划是创建一个 "simple" 2 人迷你游戏（例如相扑和比赛）。

我的目标是有效地实现与方形、圆形（和三角形？）形状的物体的碰撞（我当前的代码只能处理简单的壁物理和物体的运动），这些物体可以是环境的一部分（例如 "rocks" 或不可移动的障碍物）或部分用户控制的项目（例如 "cars" 或可推动的障碍物）。也很高兴知道如何在碰撞中考虑质量。

有两个方面我需要帮助：

两个移动物体（具有质量和二维向量）之间的不同类型的动态碰撞（物理部分不是检测）。
确保所有需要碰撞的东西都足够快地碰撞（这样我的慢速计算机仍然可以每秒渲染超过 40-60 帧），并根据特定规则（或者如果它那么根据一条规则可能吗？）。这样也不会很难管理需要碰撞的对象（添加、删除、修改等）。

或者我应该为 ex 实现两种类型的碰撞。静态+动态圈和动态+动态圈？

def checkcollisions(object1, object2):
    # x is the current x position
    # y is the current y position
    # angle is the current vector angle (calculated from x and y with pythagoros
    # speed is the length of the vector
    dx = object1.x - object2.x
    dy = object1.y - object2.y

    dist = hypot(dx, dy)
    if dist < object1.radius + object2.radius:
        angle = atan2(dy, dx) + 0.5 * pi
        total_mass = object1.mass + object2.mass
        '''''http://www.petercollingridge.co.uk/pygame-physics-simulation/mass'''''
        if (0.79 <= object1.angle < 2.36 or 0.79-2*pi <= object1.angle < 2.36-2*pi) or (3.93 <= object1.angle < 5.5 or 3.93-2*pi <= object1.angle < 5.5-2*pi) and ((0.79 <= object2.angle < 2.36 or 0.79-2*pi <= object2.angle < 2.36-2*pi) or (3.93 <= object2.angle < 5.5 or 3.93-2*pi <= object2.angle < 5.5-2*pi)):
            (object2angle, object2speed) = vectorsum((object2.angle, object2.speed*(object2.mass-object1.mass)/total_mass), (angle+pi, 2*object1.speed*object1.mass/total_mass))
            (object1angle, object1speed) = vectorsum((object1.angle, object1.speed*(object1.mass-object2.mass)/total_mass), (angle, 2*object2.speed*object2.mass/total_mass))
        else:
            '''''https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic_collision'''''
            CONTACT_ANGLE = angle
            x = (((object1.speed * cos(object1.angle - CONTACT_ANGLE) * (object1.mass-object2.mass)+ 2*object2.mass*object2.speed*cos(object2.angle - CONTACT_ANGLE))/total_mass)*cos(CONTACT_ANGLE))+object1.speed*sin(object1.angle - CONTACT_ANGLE)*cos(CONTACT_ANGLE + 0.5 * pi)
            y = (((object1.speed * cos(object1.angle - CONTACT_ANGLE) * (object1.mass-object2.mass)+ 2*object2.mass*object2.speed*cos(object2.angle - CONTACT_ANGLE))/total_mass)*cos(CONTACT_ANGLE))+object1.speed*sin(object1.angle - CONTACT_ANGLE)*sin(CONTACT_ANGLE + 0.5 * pi)
            object1angle = pi/2 - atan2(y, x)
            object1speed = hypot(x, y)

            x = (((object2.speed * cos(object2.angle - CONTACT_ANGLE)*(object2.mass-object1.mass)+2*object1.mass*object1.speed*cos(object1.angle - CONTACT_ANGLE))/total_mass)*cos(CONTACT_ANGLE))+object2.speed*sin(object2.angle - CONTACT_ANGLE)*cos(CONTACT_ANGLE + 0.5 * pi)
            y = (((object2.speed * cos(object2.angle - CONTACT_ANGLE)*(object2.mass-object1.mass)+2*object1.mass*object1.speed*cos(object1.angle - CONTACT_ANGLE))/total_mass)*cos(CONTACT_ANGLE))+object2.speed*sin(object2.angle - CONTACT_ANGLE)*sin(CONTACT_ANGLE + 0.5 * pi)
            object2angle = pi/2 - atan2(y, x)
            object2speed = hypot(x, y)

        (object2.angle, object2.speed) = (object2angle, object2speed)
        (object1.angle, object1.speed) = (object1angle, object1speed)
        object1.speed *= 0.999
        object2.speed *= 0.999

        overlap = 0.5*(object1.radius + object2.radius - dist+1)
        object1.x += sin(angle)*overlap
        object1.y -= cos(angle)*overlap
        object2.x -= sin(angle)*overlap
        object2.y += cos(angle)*overlap

'''''http://www.petercollingridge.co.uk/pygame-physics-simulation/mass'''''


def vectorsum(vectorx, vectory):  # Every array's first number is the degree from 0, the second is speed
    x = sin(vectory[0]) * vectory[1] + sin(vectorx[0]) * vectorx[1]
    y = cos(vectory[0]) * vectory[1] + cos(vectorx[0]) * vectorx[1]  # Calculating new vectors from anle and lenght
    angle = pi / 2 - atan2(y, x)  # Calculating the degree
    speed = hypot(x, y)  # Calculating the speed
    return angle, speed

（我只是 Python（或英语）的初学者，所以请记住这一点。）

Answer 1

碰撞检测在 pygame 中非常容易。看看使用 pygame.sprite. They have several functions to detect collisions. (spritecollide, groupcollide，等等）如果你有一些复杂的碰撞交互，通常你使用矩形或圆形来查看它们是否碰撞，然后只对它们进行复杂的计算。虽然对于大多数游戏来说，你不需要完美碰撞检测的成本，但足够接近就足够了。
至于碰撞时发生的事情，那更多的是物理而不是编程。要记住的一些概念是：动量守恒、弹性与非弹性碰撞、偏转角。 "How to building a 2D physics engine" 对于 SO 问题来说有点太宽泛了。也许看看 how-to-create-a-custom-2d-physics-engine-oriented-rigid-bodies

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