Maven: NoClassDefFoundError: org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner

Question

我有类路径问题。

• 背景：构建和 运行ning Spring WebApp。
• 原来是 一个大项目，包括 dao/service/controller/webapp。
• 我刚刚 将我的项目分解为一个 Maven 模块项目，本质上是分裂的 来自 dao 和服务层的 webapp。
• 现在我的 webapp junit 测试 不要运行。
• junit 代码没有改变，我不认为 依赖关系发生了变化（尽管发生了变化）。
• Spring-test 在 我的本地存储库。
• Spring-test 在我的单元测试中 运行time classpath（使用 mvn debug logging 检查）
• 我没有其他类路径问题。所有 dao 模块测试 运行 都很好

然而，我得到

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class
org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.

我会 post 我的 parent 和 child pom.xml。如果有人有什么建议，我将不胜感激

Parent Pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 
                             http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>jake</groupId>


    <artifactId>prototype3</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>


    <modules>
        <module>prototype3.model</module>
        <module>prototype3.service</module>
        <module>prototype3.testadmin.webapp</module>
    </modules>

    <properties>
        <spring.version>4.1.6.RELEASE</spring.version>
        <thymeleaf.version>2.1.4.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
        <webflow.version>2.4.0.RELEASE</webflow.version>
        <internalrepo.dir>C:\Users\jake\_servers\internalRepository</internalrepo.dir>
    </properties>


    <distributionManagement>
        <repository>
            <id>internal.repo</id>
            <name>Temporary Staging Repository</name>
            <url>file://${internalrepo.dir}</url>
        </repository>
    </distributionManagement>


    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
                <version>3.1.0</version>
            </dependency>


            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <!-- Spring Web Flow -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-webflow</artifactId>
                <version>${webflow.version}</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                        <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-js</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-js</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.1.RELEASE</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
                        <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                        <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>


            <!-- javax -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
                <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
                <version>2.2.4</version>
            </dependency>


            <!-- Spring ORM support -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
                <version>${spring.version}</version>
            </dependency>

            <!-- -hibernate -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
                <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
                <version>4.3.10.Final</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
                        <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
                <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
                <version>9.4-1200-jdbc41</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>log4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
                <version>1.2.14</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
                <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
                <version>4.3.10.Final</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
                <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId>
                <version>5.1.3.Final</version>
            </dependency>


            <!-- Hibernate uses slf4j for logging, for our purposes here use the simple 
                backend -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
                <version>1.7.12</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
                <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
                <version>3.19.0-GA</version>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
                <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
                <version>1.2</version>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
                <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
                <version>1.1.2</version>
                <scope>runtime</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
                <version>4.0</version>
            </dependency>


            <dependency>
                <groupId>junit</groupId>
                <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                <version>4.12</version>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.18.1</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>junit</groupId>
                        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId>
                        <artifactId>plexus-utils</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.apache.maven</groupId>
                        <artifactId>maven-artifact</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.codehaus.plexus</groupId>
                        <artifactId>plexus-container-default</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>commons-httpclient</groupId>
                        <artifactId>commons-httpclient</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
                <type>maven-plugin</type>
                <scope>test</scope>
            </dependency>

            <!-- Json -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
                <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
                <version>2.4.3</version>
            </dependency>

            <!-- thymeleaf -->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
                <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId>
                <version>${thymeleaf.version}</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
                <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
                <version>${thymeleaf.version}</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
                        <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
                <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-tiles2</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
                        <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>

            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
                <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-tiles2-spring4</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.1.RELEASE</version>
                <exclusions>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
                        <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
                        <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                    <exclusion>
                        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
                        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
                    </exclusion>
                </exclusions>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
                <version>1.10</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
                <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
                <version>1.3.1</version>
            </dependency>

<!--  Our Own-->
            <dependency>
                <groupId>jake</groupId>
                <artifactId>prototype3.model</artifactId>
                <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>jake</groupId>
                <artifactId>prototype3.service</artifactId>
                <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
            </dependency>



        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>
</project>

Child Pom

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>jake</groupId>
        <artifactId>prototype3</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
    <artifactId>prototype3.testadmin.webapp</artifactId>

    <properties>
        <deploy.directory>C:\Users\jake\_servers\tc8\webapps</deploy.directory>
        <deploy.name>prototype3</deploy.name>
        <l4j.test>C:\Users\jake\__workspace\prototype3\prototype3.testadmin.webapp\src\main\resources</l4j.test>
        <webinf.dir>C:\Users\jake\__workspace\prototype3\prototype3.testadmin.webapp\WebContent\WEB-INF</webinf.dir>
        <devroot.directory>C:\Users\jake\__workspace\prototype3\prototype3.testadmin.webapp\</devroot.directory>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Spring Web Flow -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webflow</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.webflow</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-js</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <!-- javax -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.el</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.el-api</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <!-- Spring ORM support -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
        </dependency>



        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.javassist</groupId>
            <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
            <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
            <type>maven-plugin</type>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Json -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- thymeleaf -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-spring4</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-tiles2</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.thymeleaf.extras</groupId>
            <artifactId>thymeleaf-extras-tiles2-spring4</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Our own -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jake</groupId>
            <artifactId>prototype3.model</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>jake</groupId>
            <artifactId>prototype3.service</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>




    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.3</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.8</source>
                    <target>1.8</target>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>



            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.6</version>
                <configuration>
                    <warSourceDirectory>WebContent</warSourceDirectory>
                    <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml>
                    <outputDirectory>${deploy.directory}</outputDirectory>
                    <webResources>
                        <!-- <resource> <directory>src\main\resources</directory> </resource> -->
                    </webResources>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-enforcer-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>1.4</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>enforce</id>
                        <configuration>
                            <rules>
                                <DependencyConvergence />
                            </rules>
                        </configuration>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>enforce</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.18.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <includes>
                        <include>**/A01TestSuite.java</include>
                        <include>**/ServiceTestSuite.java</include>
                        <include>**/ZFlowTestSuite.java</include>
                    </includes>
                    <additionalClasspathElements>
                        <additionalClasspathElement>${webinf.dir}</additionalClasspathElement>
                    </additionalClasspathElements>
                    <systemPropertyVariables>
                        <log4j.configuration>file:${l4j.test}/log4j.test.properties</log4j.configuration>
                    </systemPropertyVariables>

                </configuration>
            </plugin>

            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.6.1</version>
                <configuration>
                    <followSymLinks>false</followSymLinks>
                    <filesets>
                        <fileset>
                            <directory>${deploy.directory}/${deploy.name}</directory>
                            <includes>
                                <include>**/*</include>
                            </includes>
                        </fileset>
                        <fileset>
                            <directory>${devroot.directory}/target</directory>
                            <includes>
                                <include>**/*</include>
                            </includes>
                        </fileset>
                        <fileset>
                            <directory>${deploy.directory}</directory>
                            <includes>
                                <include>${deploy.name}.war</include>
                                <include>${deploy.name}</include>
                            </includes>
                        </fileset>
                    </filesets>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>

        </plugins>
        <finalName>${deploy.name}</finalName>
    </build>




</project>

更新

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.002 sec <<< FAILURE! - in jake.prototype2.test.testrunner.ServiceTestSuite initializationError(jake.prototype2.test.service.UserAdminServiceTest) Time elapsed: 0.002 sec <<< ERROR! java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source) at sun.reflect.DelegatingConstructorAccessorImpl.newInstance(Unknown Source) at java.lang.reflect.Constructor.newInstance(Unknown Source) at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.buildRunner(AnnotatedBuilder.java:104) at org.junit.internal.builders.AnnotatedBuilder.runnerForClass(AnnotatedBuilder.java:86) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59) at org.junit.internal.builders.AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.runnerForClass(AllDefaultPossibilitiesBuilder.java:26) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.safeRunnerForClass(RunnerBuilder.java:59) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.runners(RunnerBuilder.java:101) at org.junit.runners.model.RunnerBuilder.runners(RunnerBuilder.java:87) at org.junit.runners.Suite.(Suite.java:10

Answer 1

我找到了解决方案，而不是我的问题的答案。

解决方案是分阶段分解项目。

• 首先，我创建了三个独立的项目，运行 对每个项目进行了相关的单元测试。 （显然这必须以正确的顺序完成以确保依赖性）

• 其次，我创建了父pom和依赖管理。

• 第三，我把每个独立的项目都一个一个的放到了paren下。我通过一系列迭代测试逐渐减少了子 pom 依赖项。

我仍然不知道为什么上面的结构失败了。但是，由于现在一切正常，在我最终再次破坏我的 webapp 之前，没有理由继续减少。

Answer 2

对于看到这个的任何人我有一个类似的问题，这个问题与从 spring 引导中的 maven 传递依赖项中引入的日志记录 impl 冲突有关。一旦我排除了 spring-boot-starter-logging 它就解决了这个问题。

SpringJUnit4ClassRunner 很可能无法从日志记录冲突中在类加载器中初始化，因此在代码的另一点抛出 NoClassDefFoundError。

Answer 3

我不知道为什么，但在我的例子中 spring-boot-starter-test 带有 junit 4.10，我发现它是用 4.12 编译的，所以在添加

之后

 <dependency> 
        <groupId>junit</groupId>
        <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
        <version>4.12</version> 
</dependency>

工作正常。可能是 spring-boot

的 pom 配置错误

Answer 4

您在评论中说项目可以编译，但测试不能 运行。 Maven-surefire-plugin 可能是罪魁祸首（就像我的情况一样）。 我遇到了同样的错误，但经过一番挖掘后我知道：

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Could not initialize class
org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.

由以下原因引起：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: SpringJUnit4ClassRunner requires JUnit 4.12 or higher.
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.<clinit>

这是因为 maven-surefire-plugin 没有从类路径中选择测试框架提供者而是提供了它自己的过时的 junit 提供者。

我通过指定 JUnit 工件名称消除了错误：

<plugins>
...
    <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>{your.surefire.version}</version>
        <configuration>
            <junitArtifactName> junit:junit:{your.junit.version} </junitArtifactName>
        </configuration>
    </plugin>
...
</plugins>

Answer 5

我最近遇到了这个。我刚刚将版本从 3.0.7.RELEASE 更新到 3.1.1.RELEASE。

Answer 6

我在Spring Boot 中遇到了同样的错误。我刚刚将 spring-boot-starter-parent 版本从 1.5.6.RELEASE 更改为 1.5.10.RELEASED.

此 spring 引导版本已包含以下 class：

org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner

Answer 7

我使用了 springmockk 依赖项，这导致了这些错误。 我使用它的旧版本修复了它，因为最新版本与我的旧 Springboot 版本不兼容。