Theano——两个矩阵相乘时的未解析符号。所有适用于矢量和张量3
Theano -- Unresolved symbol when multiplying two matrices. All works for vectors and tensor3
当我尝试运行以下代码时：
a = T.matrix('a')
b = T.matrix('b')
f = theano.function([a, b], T.batched_dot(a,b))
f([[1, 2], [5, 6]],[[3,4],[7,8]])
我收到以下错误和堆栈跟踪：
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-13-42cb5508791b> in <module>()
1 a = T.matrix('a')
2 b = T.matrix('b')
----> 3 f = theano.function([a, b], T.batched_dot(a,b))
4 f([[1, 2], [5, 6]],[[3,4],[7,8]])
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/compile/function.pyc in function(inputs, outputs, mode, updates, givens, no_default_updates, accept_inplace, name, rebuild_strict, allow_input_downcast, profile, on_unused_input)
264 allow_input_downcast=allow_input_downcast,
265 on_unused_input=on_unused_input,
--> 266 profile=profile)
267 # We need to add the flag check_aliased inputs if we have any mutable or
268 # borrowed used defined inputs
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/compile/pfunc.pyc in pfunc(params, outputs, mode, updates, givens, no_default_updates, accept_inplace, name, rebuild_strict, allow_input_downcast, profile, on_unused_input)
509 return orig_function(inputs, cloned_outputs, mode,
510 accept_inplace=accept_inplace, name=name, profile=profile,
--> 511 on_unused_input=on_unused_input)
512
513
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/compile/function_module.pyc in orig_function(inputs, outputs, mode, accept_inplace, name, profile, on_unused_input)
1464 profile=profile,
1465 on_unused_input=on_unused_input).create(
-> 1466 defaults)
1467
1468 t2 = time.time()
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/compile/function_module.pyc in create(self, input_storage, trustme)
1322 theano.config.traceback.limit = 0
1323 _fn, _i, _o = self.linker.make_thunk(
-> 1324 input_storage=input_storage_lists)
1325 finally:
1326 theano.config.traceback.limit = limit_orig
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/link.pyc in make_thunk(self, input_storage, output_storage)
517 def make_thunk(self, input_storage=None, output_storage=None):
518 return self.make_all(input_storage=input_storage,
--> 519 output_storage=output_storage)[:3]
520
521 def make_all(self, input_storage, output_storage):
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/vm.pyc in make_all(self, profiler, input_storage, output_storage)
895 storage_map,
896 compute_map,
--> 897 no_recycling))
898 if not hasattr(thunks[-1], 'lazy'):
899 # We don't want all ops maker to think about lazy Ops.
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/scan_module/scan_op.pyc in make_thunk(self, node, storage_map, compute_map, no_recycling)
592 name=self.name,
593 profile=profile,
--> 594 on_unused_input='ignore')
595
596 try:
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/compile/function.pyc in function(inputs, outputs, mode, updates, givens, no_default_updates, accept_inplace, name, rebuild_strict, allow_input_downcast, profile, on_unused_input)
264 allow_input_downcast=allow_input_downcast,
265 on_unused_input=on_unused_input,
--> 266 profile=profile)
267 # We need to add the flag check_aliased inputs if we have any mutable or
268 # borrowed used defined inputs
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/compile/pfunc.pyc in pfunc(params, outputs, mode, updates, givens, no_default_updates, accept_inplace, name, rebuild_strict, allow_input_downcast, profile, on_unused_input)
509 return orig_function(inputs, cloned_outputs, mode,
510 accept_inplace=accept_inplace, name=name, profile=profile,
--> 511 on_unused_input=on_unused_input)
512
513
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/compile/function_module.pyc in orig_function(inputs, outputs, mode, accept_inplace, name, profile, on_unused_input)
1464 profile=profile,
1465 on_unused_input=on_unused_input).create(
-> 1466 defaults)
1467
1468 t2 = time.time()
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/compile/function_module.pyc in create(self, input_storage, trustme)
1322 theano.config.traceback.limit = 0
1323 _fn, _i, _o = self.linker.make_thunk(
-> 1324 input_storage=input_storage_lists)
1325 finally:
1326 theano.config.traceback.limit = limit_orig
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/link.pyc in make_thunk(self, input_storage, output_storage)
517 def make_thunk(self, input_storage=None, output_storage=None):
518 return self.make_all(input_storage=input_storage,
--> 519 output_storage=output_storage)[:3]
520
521 def make_all(self, input_storage, output_storage):
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/vm.pyc in make_all(self, profiler, input_storage, output_storage)
895 storage_map,
896 compute_map,
--> 897 no_recycling))
898 if not hasattr(thunks[-1], 'lazy'):
899 # We don't want all ops maker to think about lazy Ops.
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/sandbox/cuda/__init__.pyc in make_thunk(self, node, storage_map, compute_map, no_recycling)
257 enable_cuda=False)
258 return super(GpuOp, self).make_thunk(node, storage_map,
--> 259 compute_map, no_recycling)
260
261 theano.compile.debugmode.default_make_thunk.append(
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/op.pyc in make_thunk(self, node, storage_map, compute_map, no_recycling)
737 logger.debug('Trying CLinker.make_thunk')
738 outputs = cl.make_thunk(input_storage=node_input_storage,
--> 739 output_storage=node_output_storage)
740 fill_storage, node_input_filters, node_output_filters = outputs
741
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/cc.pyc in make_thunk(self, input_storage, output_storage, keep_lock)
1071 cthunk, in_storage, out_storage, error_storage = self.__compile__(
1072 input_storage, output_storage,
-> 1073 keep_lock=keep_lock)
1074
1075 res = _CThunk(cthunk, init_tasks, tasks, error_storage)
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/cc.pyc in __compile__(self, input_storage, output_storage, keep_lock)
1013 input_storage,
1014 output_storage,
-> 1015 keep_lock=keep_lock)
1016 return (thunk,
1017 [link.Container(input, storage) for input, storage in
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/cc.pyc in cthunk_factory(self, error_storage, in_storage, out_storage, keep_lock)
1440 else:
1441 module = get_module_cache().module_from_key(
-> 1442 key=key, lnk=self, keep_lock=keep_lock)
1443
1444 vars = self.inputs + self.outputs + self.orphans
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/cmodule.pyc in module_from_key(self, key, lnk, keep_lock)
1074 try:
1075 location = dlimport_workdir(self.dirname)
-> 1076 module = lnk.compile_cmodule(location)
1077 name = module.__file__
1078 assert name.startswith(location)
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/cc.pyc in compile_cmodule(self, location)
1352 lib_dirs=self.lib_dirs(),
1353 libs=libs,
-> 1354 preargs=preargs)
1355 except Exception, e:
1356 e.args += (str(self.fgraph),)
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/sandbox/cuda/nvcc_compiler.pyc in compile_str(module_name, src_code, location, include_dirs, lib_dirs, libs, preargs, rpaths, py_module)
432 #touch the __init__ file
433 open(os.path.join(location, "__init__.py"), 'w').close()
--> 434 return dlimport(lib_filename)
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/cmodule.pyc in dlimport(fullpath, suffix)
291 importlib.invalidate_caches()
292 t0 = time.time()
--> 293 rval = __import__(module_name, {}, {}, [module_name])
294 t1 = time.time()
295 import_time += t1 - t0
ImportError: ('The following error happened while compiling the node', for{gpu,scan_fn}(Elemwise{minimum,no_inplace}.0, GpuSubtensor{int64:int64:int8}.0, GpuSubtensor{int64:int64:int8}.0, Elemwise{minimum,no_inplace}.0), '\n', 'The following error happened while compiling the node', GpuAlloc{memset_0=True}(CudaNdarrayConstant{0.0}, TensorConstant{1}), '\n', '/home/alex/.theano/compiledir_Linux-3.13--generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-14.04-trusty-x86_64-2.7.6-64/tmppLzatX/e0c22e1de788a177e13f39a93c579f18.so: undefined symbol: _Z17CudaNdarray_SIZEtPK11CudaNdarray', '[GpuAlloc{memset_0=True}(CudaNdarrayConstant{0.0}, TensorConstant{1})]')
如果我将 matrix 替换为 vector 或 tensor3（并为函数调用提供正确形状的张量），它会编译并 运行s。对于dotmatrixnone，tensor_dot，batched_dot有效，但加法和减法有效。
I 运行 pip install --upgrade theano，错误仍然存在。 pip 报告我当前的版本为 0.7。因为它只对矩阵失败，是否是因为某些库 theano 取决于我以某种方式碰巧配置错误？
我做错的是pip install --upgrade theano。结果我已经有了 theano 0.7，这是最新的，所以 pip install --upgrade 什么也没做（但并不明显，因为它确实升级了依赖项）。
pip uninstall theano && pip install theano 修复了问题
当我尝试运行以下代码时：
a = T.matrix('a')
b = T.matrix('b')
f = theano.function([a, b], T.batched_dot(a,b))
f([[1, 2], [5, 6]],[[3,4],[7,8]])
我收到以下错误和堆栈跟踪：
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ImportError Traceback (most recent call last)
<ipython-input-13-42cb5508791b> in <module>()
1 a = T.matrix('a')
2 b = T.matrix('b')
----> 3 f = theano.function([a, b], T.batched_dot(a,b))
4 f([[1, 2], [5, 6]],[[3,4],[7,8]])
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/compile/function.pyc in function(inputs, outputs, mode, updates, givens, no_default_updates, accept_inplace, name, rebuild_strict, allow_input_downcast, profile, on_unused_input)
264 allow_input_downcast=allow_input_downcast,
265 on_unused_input=on_unused_input,
--> 266 profile=profile)
267 # We need to add the flag check_aliased inputs if we have any mutable or
268 # borrowed used defined inputs
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/compile/pfunc.pyc in pfunc(params, outputs, mode, updates, givens, no_default_updates, accept_inplace, name, rebuild_strict, allow_input_downcast, profile, on_unused_input)
509 return orig_function(inputs, cloned_outputs, mode,
510 accept_inplace=accept_inplace, name=name, profile=profile,
--> 511 on_unused_input=on_unused_input)
512
513
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/compile/function_module.pyc in orig_function(inputs, outputs, mode, accept_inplace, name, profile, on_unused_input)
1464 profile=profile,
1465 on_unused_input=on_unused_input).create(
-> 1466 defaults)
1467
1468 t2 = time.time()
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/compile/function_module.pyc in create(self, input_storage, trustme)
1322 theano.config.traceback.limit = 0
1323 _fn, _i, _o = self.linker.make_thunk(
-> 1324 input_storage=input_storage_lists)
1325 finally:
1326 theano.config.traceback.limit = limit_orig
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/link.pyc in make_thunk(self, input_storage, output_storage)
517 def make_thunk(self, input_storage=None, output_storage=None):
518 return self.make_all(input_storage=input_storage,
--> 519 output_storage=output_storage)[:3]
520
521 def make_all(self, input_storage, output_storage):
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/vm.pyc in make_all(self, profiler, input_storage, output_storage)
895 storage_map,
896 compute_map,
--> 897 no_recycling))
898 if not hasattr(thunks[-1], 'lazy'):
899 # We don't want all ops maker to think about lazy Ops.
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/scan_module/scan_op.pyc in make_thunk(self, node, storage_map, compute_map, no_recycling)
592 name=self.name,
593 profile=profile,
--> 594 on_unused_input='ignore')
595
596 try:
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/compile/function.pyc in function(inputs, outputs, mode, updates, givens, no_default_updates, accept_inplace, name, rebuild_strict, allow_input_downcast, profile, on_unused_input)
264 allow_input_downcast=allow_input_downcast,
265 on_unused_input=on_unused_input,
--> 266 profile=profile)
267 # We need to add the flag check_aliased inputs if we have any mutable or
268 # borrowed used defined inputs
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/compile/pfunc.pyc in pfunc(params, outputs, mode, updates, givens, no_default_updates, accept_inplace, name, rebuild_strict, allow_input_downcast, profile, on_unused_input)
509 return orig_function(inputs, cloned_outputs, mode,
510 accept_inplace=accept_inplace, name=name, profile=profile,
--> 511 on_unused_input=on_unused_input)
512
513
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/compile/function_module.pyc in orig_function(inputs, outputs, mode, accept_inplace, name, profile, on_unused_input)
1464 profile=profile,
1465 on_unused_input=on_unused_input).create(
-> 1466 defaults)
1467
1468 t2 = time.time()
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/compile/function_module.pyc in create(self, input_storage, trustme)
1322 theano.config.traceback.limit = 0
1323 _fn, _i, _o = self.linker.make_thunk(
-> 1324 input_storage=input_storage_lists)
1325 finally:
1326 theano.config.traceback.limit = limit_orig
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/link.pyc in make_thunk(self, input_storage, output_storage)
517 def make_thunk(self, input_storage=None, output_storage=None):
518 return self.make_all(input_storage=input_storage,
--> 519 output_storage=output_storage)[:3]
520
521 def make_all(self, input_storage, output_storage):
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/vm.pyc in make_all(self, profiler, input_storage, output_storage)
895 storage_map,
896 compute_map,
--> 897 no_recycling))
898 if not hasattr(thunks[-1], 'lazy'):
899 # We don't want all ops maker to think about lazy Ops.
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/sandbox/cuda/__init__.pyc in make_thunk(self, node, storage_map, compute_map, no_recycling)
257 enable_cuda=False)
258 return super(GpuOp, self).make_thunk(node, storage_map,
--> 259 compute_map, no_recycling)
260
261 theano.compile.debugmode.default_make_thunk.append(
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/op.pyc in make_thunk(self, node, storage_map, compute_map, no_recycling)
737 logger.debug('Trying CLinker.make_thunk')
738 outputs = cl.make_thunk(input_storage=node_input_storage,
--> 739 output_storage=node_output_storage)
740 fill_storage, node_input_filters, node_output_filters = outputs
741
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/cc.pyc in make_thunk(self, input_storage, output_storage, keep_lock)
1071 cthunk, in_storage, out_storage, error_storage = self.__compile__(
1072 input_storage, output_storage,
-> 1073 keep_lock=keep_lock)
1074
1075 res = _CThunk(cthunk, init_tasks, tasks, error_storage)
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/cc.pyc in __compile__(self, input_storage, output_storage, keep_lock)
1013 input_storage,
1014 output_storage,
-> 1015 keep_lock=keep_lock)
1016 return (thunk,
1017 [link.Container(input, storage) for input, storage in
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/cc.pyc in cthunk_factory(self, error_storage, in_storage, out_storage, keep_lock)
1440 else:
1441 module = get_module_cache().module_from_key(
-> 1442 key=key, lnk=self, keep_lock=keep_lock)
1443
1444 vars = self.inputs + self.outputs + self.orphans
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/cmodule.pyc in module_from_key(self, key, lnk, keep_lock)
1074 try:
1075 location = dlimport_workdir(self.dirname)
-> 1076 module = lnk.compile_cmodule(location)
1077 name = module.__file__
1078 assert name.startswith(location)
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/cc.pyc in compile_cmodule(self, location)
1352 lib_dirs=self.lib_dirs(),
1353 libs=libs,
-> 1354 preargs=preargs)
1355 except Exception, e:
1356 e.args += (str(self.fgraph),)
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/sandbox/cuda/nvcc_compiler.pyc in compile_str(module_name, src_code, location, include_dirs, lib_dirs, libs, preargs, rpaths, py_module)
432 #touch the __init__ file
433 open(os.path.join(location, "__init__.py"), 'w').close()
--> 434 return dlimport(lib_filename)
/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/theano/gof/cmodule.pyc in dlimport(fullpath, suffix)
291 importlib.invalidate_caches()
292 t0 = time.time()
--> 293 rval = __import__(module_name, {}, {}, [module_name])
294 t1 = time.time()
295 import_time += t1 - t0
ImportError: ('The following error happened while compiling the node', for{gpu,scan_fn}(Elemwise{minimum,no_inplace}.0, GpuSubtensor{int64:int64:int8}.0, GpuSubtensor{int64:int64:int8}.0, Elemwise{minimum,no_inplace}.0), '\n', 'The following error happened while compiling the node', GpuAlloc{memset_0=True}(CudaNdarrayConstant{0.0}, TensorConstant{1}), '\n', '/home/alex/.theano/compiledir_Linux-3.13--generic-x86_64-with-Ubuntu-14.04-trusty-x86_64-2.7.6-64/tmppLzatX/e0c22e1de788a177e13f39a93c579f18.so: undefined symbol: _Z17CudaNdarray_SIZEtPK11CudaNdarray', '[GpuAlloc{memset_0=True}(CudaNdarrayConstant{0.0}, TensorConstant{1})]')
如果我将 matrix 替换为 vector 或 tensor3（并为函数调用提供正确形状的张量），它会编译并 运行s。对于dotmatrixnone，tensor_dot，batched_dot有效，但加法和减法有效。
I 运行 pip install --upgrade theano，错误仍然存在。 pip 报告我当前的版本为 0.7。因为它只对矩阵失败，是否是因为某些库 theano 取决于我以某种方式碰巧配置错误？
我做错的是pip install --upgrade theano。结果我已经有了 theano 0.7，这是最新的，所以 pip install --upgrade 什么也没做（但并不明显，因为它确实升级了依赖项）。
pip uninstall theano && pip install theano 修复了问题