条件语句对 C++ 中的多态对象有什么作用? (包含多态性)
What do conditionals do to polymorphic objects in C++? (inclusion polymorphism)
我 运行 遇到一个有趣的错误,我很确定它与条件语句上下文中的包含多态性有关。
实例亮点如下:
ClassParent *parentPointer; //Declare pointer to parent
if(condition){
ClassChild1 = mychild; //Declare child1 object
parentPointer = *mychild;//Parent pointer points to child
}
if(!condition){
ClassChild2 = mychild; //Declare child2
parentPointer = *mychild;//Parent pointer points to child2
}
cout << *parentPointer; //What will this point to???
应该清楚的是,条件语句在最后一行使 *parentPointer 变量。
我的整个函数如下所示:(注意崩溃的地方)
void PosApp::addItem(bool isPerishable) {
Item *refitem;
if (isPerishable) {
Perishable myitem;
std::cout << "Enter the following: " << std::endl
<< "Sku: " << std::endl
<< "Name:" << std::endl
<< "Price: " << std::endl
<< "Taxed: " << std::endl
<< "Quantity: " << std::endl
<< "Expiry date: " << std::endl;
std::cin >> myitem;
refitem = &myitem; //Item now implements inclusion polymorphism, be aware of dynamic/static types (dynamic is item, static Perishable)
}
if (!isPerishable) {
NonPerishable myitem;
std::cout << "Enter the following: " << std::endl
<< "Sku: " << std::endl
<< "Name:" << std::endl
<< "Price: " << std::endl
<< "Taxed: " << std::endl
<< "Quantity: " << std::endl;
std::cin >> myitem;
refitem = &myitem; //Item now implements inclusion polymorphism, be aware of dynamic/static types (dynamic is item, static NonPerishable)
}
if (cin.fail()) {//The inclusion polymorphism allows me to call this block only once regardless of persh/non-perishable
cin.clear();
cin.ignore(2000, '\n');
//CRASH POINT***********
cout << "Error: " << *refitem << endl;//Be aware of early/late binding, the write/dowrite must be child calls, not parent.
}
}
现在非常有趣的是,当删除 cin.fail 上的 if() 并强制输入错误时,它起作用了。代码现在看起来像这样:
void PosApp::addItem(bool isPerishable) {
Item *refitem;
if (!isPerishable) {
NonPerishable myitem;
std::cout << "Enter the following: " << std::endl
<< "Sku: " << std::endl
<< "Name:" << std::endl
<< "Price: " << std::endl
<< "Taxed: " << std::endl
<< "Quantity: " << std::endl;
std::cin >> myitem;
refitem = &myitem; //Item now implements inclusion polymorphism, be aware of dynamic/static types (dynamic is item, static NonPerishable)
cin.clear();
cin.ignore(2000, '\n');
//THIS DOES NOT CRASH NOW
cout << "Error: " << *refitem << endl;//Be aware of early/late binding, the write/dowrite must be child calls, not parent.
}
就崩溃而言,我能想到的最佳答案是,当范围在第一个代码片段中解析时,程序以某种方式丢失了指针的内容。
这个问题有两个方面:你能否在条件上下文中实现包含多态性(如图所示),如果不能,这是否导致我的程序崩溃?
注意:我没有包括整个程序(因为它有数百行)但足以说明,当我将代码更改为第二个片段时,行为是预期的。
具有自动存储的对象在它们周围的 { }
大括号中是局部的,包括 if
语句。如果您有一个指向本地的指针,并且该对象超出范围,则访问该指针是 UB。
Object* ptr;
if (condition)
{
Object obj;
ptr = &obj;
} //obj is out of scope
*ptr; //undefined behaviour
这就是您将 refitem
设置为指向本地对象的目的。相反,使用 new
创建 Perishable*
或 NonPerishable*
,当块结束时,将该指针分配给 refitem
。多态性将按您预期的那样工作,错误只是对象的范围。
if (!isPerishable)
{
NonPerishable* myitem = new NonPerishable(); //dynamic memory
std::cin >> *myitem;
refitem = myitem; //refitem is still valid after this scope ends
}
我 运行 遇到一个有趣的错误,我很确定它与条件语句上下文中的包含多态性有关。
实例亮点如下:
ClassParent *parentPointer; //Declare pointer to parent
if(condition){
ClassChild1 = mychild; //Declare child1 object
parentPointer = *mychild;//Parent pointer points to child
}
if(!condition){
ClassChild2 = mychild; //Declare child2
parentPointer = *mychild;//Parent pointer points to child2
}
cout << *parentPointer; //What will this point to???
应该清楚的是,条件语句在最后一行使 *parentPointer 变量。
我的整个函数如下所示:(注意崩溃的地方)
void PosApp::addItem(bool isPerishable) {
Item *refitem;
if (isPerishable) {
Perishable myitem;
std::cout << "Enter the following: " << std::endl
<< "Sku: " << std::endl
<< "Name:" << std::endl
<< "Price: " << std::endl
<< "Taxed: " << std::endl
<< "Quantity: " << std::endl
<< "Expiry date: " << std::endl;
std::cin >> myitem;
refitem = &myitem; //Item now implements inclusion polymorphism, be aware of dynamic/static types (dynamic is item, static Perishable)
}
if (!isPerishable) {
NonPerishable myitem;
std::cout << "Enter the following: " << std::endl
<< "Sku: " << std::endl
<< "Name:" << std::endl
<< "Price: " << std::endl
<< "Taxed: " << std::endl
<< "Quantity: " << std::endl;
std::cin >> myitem;
refitem = &myitem; //Item now implements inclusion polymorphism, be aware of dynamic/static types (dynamic is item, static NonPerishable)
}
if (cin.fail()) {//The inclusion polymorphism allows me to call this block only once regardless of persh/non-perishable
cin.clear();
cin.ignore(2000, '\n');
//CRASH POINT***********
cout << "Error: " << *refitem << endl;//Be aware of early/late binding, the write/dowrite must be child calls, not parent.
}
}
现在非常有趣的是,当删除 cin.fail 上的 if() 并强制输入错误时,它起作用了。代码现在看起来像这样:
void PosApp::addItem(bool isPerishable) {
Item *refitem;
if (!isPerishable) {
NonPerishable myitem;
std::cout << "Enter the following: " << std::endl
<< "Sku: " << std::endl
<< "Name:" << std::endl
<< "Price: " << std::endl
<< "Taxed: " << std::endl
<< "Quantity: " << std::endl;
std::cin >> myitem;
refitem = &myitem; //Item now implements inclusion polymorphism, be aware of dynamic/static types (dynamic is item, static NonPerishable)
cin.clear();
cin.ignore(2000, '\n');
//THIS DOES NOT CRASH NOW
cout << "Error: " << *refitem << endl;//Be aware of early/late binding, the write/dowrite must be child calls, not parent.
}
就崩溃而言,我能想到的最佳答案是,当范围在第一个代码片段中解析时,程序以某种方式丢失了指针的内容。
这个问题有两个方面:你能否在条件上下文中实现包含多态性(如图所示),如果不能,这是否导致我的程序崩溃?
注意:我没有包括整个程序(因为它有数百行)但足以说明,当我将代码更改为第二个片段时,行为是预期的。
具有自动存储的对象在它们周围的 { }
大括号中是局部的,包括 if
语句。如果您有一个指向本地的指针,并且该对象超出范围,则访问该指针是 UB。
Object* ptr;
if (condition)
{
Object obj;
ptr = &obj;
} //obj is out of scope
*ptr; //undefined behaviour
这就是您将 refitem
设置为指向本地对象的目的。相反,使用 new
创建 Perishable*
或 NonPerishable*
,当块结束时,将该指针分配给 refitem
。多态性将按您预期的那样工作,错误只是对象的范围。
if (!isPerishable)
{
NonPerishable* myitem = new NonPerishable(); //dynamic memory
std::cin >> *myitem;
refitem = myitem; //refitem is still valid after this scope ends
}