通过 Gmail API 发送 HTML 带有纯文本回退的电子邮件
Send HTML email with plain text fallback via Gmail API
Whosebug 的 An answered question 建议在电子邮件正文中添加 html-标记即可。该解决方案正确吗?
但是如果收件人的邮箱 server/client 不支持 HTML 邮箱怎么办?
例如使用 Apache commons email 时,我执行以下操作:
// set the html message
email.setHtmlMsg("<html>Our logo - <img src=\"cid:"+cid+"\"></html>");
// set the alternative message
email.setTextMsg("Your email client does not support HTML messages");
如果收件人电子邮件 server/client 不支持 HTML,有什么方法可以告诉 Gmail API 回退到哪个电子邮件?
P.S。
我对 Java 代码示例特别感兴趣。
谢谢
要给出两个备选方案,您可以将 Content-Type
设置为 mixed/alternative
而不是 text/plain
或 text/html
:
如果我们想在 API explorer 中尝试这个,我们只需对邮件进行 Base64 编码,并通过将所有 /
替换为 [=17] 使其 url 安全=] 和所有 +
与 -
.
在开发者控制台中:
btoa(
"Subject: Example Subject\r\n" +
"From: <example@gmail.com>\r\n" +
"To: <example@gmail.com>\r\n" +
"Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=\"foo_bar\"\r\n\r\n" +
"--foo_bar\r\n" +
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n" +
"*Bold example message text*\r\n\r\n" +
"--foo_bar\r\n" +
"Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n" +
"<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>Bold example message text</b></div>\r\n\r\n" +
"--foo_bar--"
).replace(/\+/g, '-').replace(/\//g, '_');
POST https://www.googleapis.com/gmail/v1/users/me/messages/send?access_token={YOUR_API_KEY}
{
"raw": "U3ViamVjdDogRXhhbXBsZSBTdWJqZWN0DQpGcm9tOiA8ZXhhbXBsZUBnbWFpbC5jb20-DQpUbzogPGV4YW1wbGVAZ21haWwuY29tPg0KQ29udGVudC1UeXBlOiBtdWx0aXBhcnQvYWx0ZXJuYXRpdmU7IGJvdW5kYXJ5PSJmb29fYmFyIg0KDQotLWZvb19iYXINCkNvbnRlbnQtVHlwZTogdGV4dC9wbGFpbjsgY2hhcnNldD1VVEYtOA0KDQoqQm9sZCBleGFtcGxlIG1lc3NhZ2UgdGV4dCoNCg0KLS1mb29fYmFyDQpDb250ZW50LVR5cGU6IHRleHQvaHRtbDsgY2hhcnNldD1VVEYtOA0KDQo8ZGl2IGRpcj0ibHRyIj48Yj5Cb2xkIGV4YW1wbGUgbWVzc2FnZSB0ZXh0PC9iPjwvZGl2Pg0KDQotLWZvb19iYXItLQ=="
}
要在 Java 中执行等效操作,您可以执行以下操作:
Message message = new MimeMessage(session);
Multipart multiPart = new MimeMultipart("alternative");
MimeBodyPart textPart = new MimeBodyPart();
textPart.setText(text, "utf-8");
MimeBodyPart htmlPart = new MimeBodyPart();
htmlPart.setContent(html, "text/html; charset=utf-8");
multiPart.addBodyPart(textPart);
multiPart.addBodyPart(htmlPart);
message.setContent(multiPart);
ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
message.writeTo(output);
String rawEmail = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(output.toByteArray());
Message message = new Message();
message.setRaw(rawEmail);
message = service.users().messages().send(userId, message).execute();
要对来自 Throlle 的上述答案进行更新。
上面有一些差异,可能与更高版本的 gmail api
发送消息并遵循他们默认提供的发送标准电子邮件的标准:
这是在 grails 中,但您可以轻松更改 java,此 html 之前的控制器内容可以是 found here。也许当我完成我正在做的事情并有机会更新 github 网站时,所有这些例子:
在控制器中 sendHTMLEmail:
def sendHTMLEmail() {
String emailBox='me@gmail.com'
String to ='someuser@domain.com'
String html="<html><body><table><tr><td><b>aa</b></td><td>bb</td></tr></table><h1>html content</h1></body></html>"
MimeMessage content = gmailService.createHTMLEmail(to,emailBox,'gmail test','testing gmail via app',html)
def message = gmailService.sendMessage(gmail,'me',content)
render "=== ${message.id}"
}
public static MimeMessage createHTMLEmail(String to, String from, String subject, String text, String html) {
Properties props = new Properties()
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null)
MimeMessage email = new MimeMessage(session)
Multipart multiPart = new MimeMultipart("alternative")
email.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from))
email.addRecipient(javax.mail.Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to))
email.setSubject(subject)
MimeBodyPart textPart = new MimeBodyPart()
textPart.setText(text, "utf-8")
MimeBodyPart htmlPart = new MimeBodyPart()
htmlPart.setContent(html, "text/html; charset=utf-8")
multiPart.addBodyPart(textPart)
multiPart.addBodyPart(htmlPart)
email.setContent(multiPart)
return email
}
然后他们的标准提供了sendMessage(下面的位可以在github link上找到):
public static Message sendMessage(Gmail service,String userId,MimeMessage emailContent) throws MessagingException, IOException {
try {
Message message = createMessageWithEmail(emailContent)
message = service.users().messages().send(userId, message).execute()
return message
} catch (Exception e) {
//log.error "${e}"
}
}
和 createMessageWithEmail
public static Message createMessageWithEmail(MimeMessage emailContent) throws MessagingException, IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream()
emailContent.writeTo(buffer)
byte[] bytes = buffer.toByteArray()
String encodedEmail = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(bytes)
Message message = new Message()
message.setRaw(encodedEmail)
return message
}
An answered question 建议在电子邮件正文中添加 html-标记即可。该解决方案正确吗?
但是如果收件人的邮箱 server/client 不支持 HTML 邮箱怎么办?
例如使用 Apache commons email 时,我执行以下操作:
// set the html message
email.setHtmlMsg("<html>Our logo - <img src=\"cid:"+cid+"\"></html>");
// set the alternative message
email.setTextMsg("Your email client does not support HTML messages");
如果收件人电子邮件 server/client 不支持 HTML,有什么方法可以告诉 Gmail API 回退到哪个电子邮件?
P.S。 我对 Java 代码示例特别感兴趣。
谢谢
要给出两个备选方案,您可以将 Content-Type
设置为 mixed/alternative
而不是 text/plain
或 text/html
:
如果我们想在 API explorer 中尝试这个,我们只需对邮件进行 Base64 编码,并通过将所有 /
替换为 [=17] 使其 url 安全=] 和所有 +
与 -
.
在开发者控制台中:
btoa(
"Subject: Example Subject\r\n" +
"From: <example@gmail.com>\r\n" +
"To: <example@gmail.com>\r\n" +
"Content-Type: multipart/alternative; boundary=\"foo_bar\"\r\n\r\n" +
"--foo_bar\r\n" +
"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n" +
"*Bold example message text*\r\n\r\n" +
"--foo_bar\r\n" +
"Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8\r\n\r\n" +
"<div dir=\"ltr\"><b>Bold example message text</b></div>\r\n\r\n" +
"--foo_bar--"
).replace(/\+/g, '-').replace(/\//g, '_');
POST https://www.googleapis.com/gmail/v1/users/me/messages/send?access_token={YOUR_API_KEY}
{
"raw": "U3ViamVjdDogRXhhbXBsZSBTdWJqZWN0DQpGcm9tOiA8ZXhhbXBsZUBnbWFpbC5jb20-DQpUbzogPGV4YW1wbGVAZ21haWwuY29tPg0KQ29udGVudC1UeXBlOiBtdWx0aXBhcnQvYWx0ZXJuYXRpdmU7IGJvdW5kYXJ5PSJmb29fYmFyIg0KDQotLWZvb19iYXINCkNvbnRlbnQtVHlwZTogdGV4dC9wbGFpbjsgY2hhcnNldD1VVEYtOA0KDQoqQm9sZCBleGFtcGxlIG1lc3NhZ2UgdGV4dCoNCg0KLS1mb29fYmFyDQpDb250ZW50LVR5cGU6IHRleHQvaHRtbDsgY2hhcnNldD1VVEYtOA0KDQo8ZGl2IGRpcj0ibHRyIj48Yj5Cb2xkIGV4YW1wbGUgbWVzc2FnZSB0ZXh0PC9iPjwvZGl2Pg0KDQotLWZvb19iYXItLQ=="
}
要在 Java 中执行等效操作,您可以执行以下操作:
Message message = new MimeMessage(session);
Multipart multiPart = new MimeMultipart("alternative");
MimeBodyPart textPart = new MimeBodyPart();
textPart.setText(text, "utf-8");
MimeBodyPart htmlPart = new MimeBodyPart();
htmlPart.setContent(html, "text/html; charset=utf-8");
multiPart.addBodyPart(textPart);
multiPart.addBodyPart(htmlPart);
message.setContent(multiPart);
ByteArrayOutputStream output = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
message.writeTo(output);
String rawEmail = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(output.toByteArray());
Message message = new Message();
message.setRaw(rawEmail);
message = service.users().messages().send(userId, message).execute();
要对来自 Throlle 的上述答案进行更新。 上面有一些差异,可能与更高版本的 gmail api
发送消息并遵循他们默认提供的发送标准电子邮件的标准:
这是在 grails 中,但您可以轻松更改 java,此 html 之前的控制器内容可以是 found here。也许当我完成我正在做的事情并有机会更新 github 网站时,所有这些例子:
在控制器中 sendHTMLEmail:
def sendHTMLEmail() {
String emailBox='me@gmail.com'
String to ='someuser@domain.com'
String html="<html><body><table><tr><td><b>aa</b></td><td>bb</td></tr></table><h1>html content</h1></body></html>"
MimeMessage content = gmailService.createHTMLEmail(to,emailBox,'gmail test','testing gmail via app',html)
def message = gmailService.sendMessage(gmail,'me',content)
render "=== ${message.id}"
}
public static MimeMessage createHTMLEmail(String to, String from, String subject, String text, String html) {
Properties props = new Properties()
Session session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null)
MimeMessage email = new MimeMessage(session)
Multipart multiPart = new MimeMultipart("alternative")
email.setFrom(new InternetAddress(from))
email.addRecipient(javax.mail.Message.RecipientType.TO, new InternetAddress(to))
email.setSubject(subject)
MimeBodyPart textPart = new MimeBodyPart()
textPart.setText(text, "utf-8")
MimeBodyPart htmlPart = new MimeBodyPart()
htmlPart.setContent(html, "text/html; charset=utf-8")
multiPart.addBodyPart(textPart)
multiPart.addBodyPart(htmlPart)
email.setContent(multiPart)
return email
}
然后他们的标准提供了sendMessage(下面的位可以在github link上找到):
public static Message sendMessage(Gmail service,String userId,MimeMessage emailContent) throws MessagingException, IOException {
try {
Message message = createMessageWithEmail(emailContent)
message = service.users().messages().send(userId, message).execute()
return message
} catch (Exception e) {
//log.error "${e}"
}
}
和 createMessageWithEmail
public static Message createMessageWithEmail(MimeMessage emailContent) throws MessagingException, IOException {
ByteArrayOutputStream buffer = new ByteArrayOutputStream()
emailContent.writeTo(buffer)
byte[] bytes = buffer.toByteArray()
String encodedEmail = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(bytes)
Message message = new Message()
message.setRaw(encodedEmail)
return message
}