MongoDB - 将简单字段更改为对象

MongoDB - change simple field into an object

在 MongoDB 中,我想更改我的文档结构:

{
    discount: 10,
    discountType: "AMOUNT"
}

至:

{
    discount: {
        value: 10,
        type: "AMOUNT"
    }
}

所以我在 mongo shell 中尝试了以下查询:

db.discounts.update({},
    {
        $rename: {
             discount: "discount.value",
             discountType: "discount.type"
        }
    },
    {multi: true}
)

但它抛出一个错误:

"writeError" : {
    "code" : 2,
    "errmsg" : "The source and target field for $rename must not be on the same path: discount: \"discount.value\""
}

我想到的解决方法是分两步完成:首先将新结构分配给新字段(比如 discount2),然后将其重命名为 discount。但也许有一种方法可以一步到位?

您收到此错误的原因是 documentation 中提到的:

The $rename operator logically performs an $unset of both the old name and the new name, and then performs a $set operation with the new name. As such, the operation may not preserve the order of the fields in the document; i.e. the renamed field may move within the document.

问题在于您不能在 MongoDB 中同时 $set and $unset 同一字段。

解决方案是使用批量操作来更新文档以更改其结构,即使在这种情况下,您也需要使用集合中不存在的字段名称。当然,完成这一切的最佳方法是使用 "Bulk" 操作以获得最高效率

MongoDB 3.2 或更高版本

MongoDB 3.2 弃用 Bulk() and its associated methods. You need to use the .bulkWrite() 方法。

var operations = [];
db.discounts.find().forEach(function(doc) {
    var discount = doc.discount; 
    var discountType = doc.discountType; 
    var operation = { 'updateOne': { 
        'filter': { '_id': doc._id }, 
        'update': { 
            '$unset': { 'discount': '', 'discountType': '' }, 
            '$set': { 'discounts.value': discount, 'discounts.type': discountType }
        }
    }};
    operations.push(operation); 
});

operations.push( {
    ordered: true,      
    writeConcern: { w: "majority", wtimeout: 5000 } 
});

db.discounts.bulkWrite(operations);

产生:

{
        "_id" : ObjectId("56682a02e6a2321d88f6d078"),
        "discounts" : {
                "value" : 10,
                "type" : "AMOUNT"
        }
}

MongoDB 2.6

在 MongoDB 3.2 之前并使用 MongoDB 2.6 或更高版本,您可以使用“批量”API.

var  bulk = db.discounts.initializeOrderedBulkOp();
var count = 0;
db.discounts.find().forEach(function(doc) { 
    var discount = doc.discount; 
    var discountType = doc.discountType; 
    bulk.find( { '_id': doc._id } ).updateOne( {
        '$unset': { 'discount': '', 'discountType': '' }, 
        '$set': { 'discounts.value': discount, 'discounts.type': discountType }  }); 
   count++; 
   if (count % 500 === 0) {
       bulk.execute();
       bulk = db.discounts.initializeOrderedBulkOp(); 
    } 
})

if (count > 0)   
    bulk.execute();

此查询产生与上一个相同的结果。

感谢 Update MongoDB field using value of another field 的回答,我找到了以下解决方案:

db.discounts.find().snapshot().forEach(
    function(elem) {
        elem.discount = {
            value: elem.discount,
            type: elem.discountType
        }
        delete elem.discountType;
        db.discounts.save(elem);
    }
)

我非常喜欢,因为源代码读起来很好,但是对于大量文档来说性能很差。

最简单的方法是按照您在问题中提到的那样分两步完成;最初将 discount 重命名为临时字段名称,以便在第二步中重复使用:

db.discounts.update({}, {$rename: {discount: 'temp'}}, {multi: true})
db.discounts.update({}, 
    {$rename: {temp: 'discount.value', discountType: 'discount.type'}},
    {multi: true})