FLOPPY:在软盘映像上读取()returns 0

FLOPPY: read() on floppy image returns 0

我正在尝试在 x86 汇编(16 位实模式)中创建一个简单的第二阶段命令系统。函数 com_dir 假设读取一张 720KB 的软盘并在扇区以字母 'F'.

开始时打印字符串

这是第二阶段:

[BITS 16]
[ORG 0x0000]      

mov ax, cs
mov ds, ax   
mov [drive_num], dl
mov [root_drive], dl
mov bx, load_msg
call str_prt
call new_line
call new_line
xor cx, cx  
call new_line
mov bx, art1
call str_prt
call new_line
mov bx, art2
call str_prt
call new_line
mov bx, art3
call str_prt
call new_line
mov bx, art4
call str_prt
call new_line
mov bx, art5
call str_prt
call new_line
mov bx, art6
call str_prt
call new_line
mov bx, art7
call str_prt
call new_line
mov bx, welcome_msg
call str_prt
call new_line
mov bx, creator_msg
call str_prt
call new_line
mov bx, boot_msg
call str_prt
call new_line

mov bx, [buffer]

call new_line

mov ah, 0x0e
mov al, 0x0a
int 0x10
mov al, 0x0d
int 0x10
mov al, '>'
int 0x10

loop:
xor ah, ah
int 0x16
call key_scan
jmp loop

%include "util.inc"

pro_com:
push bx
push ax
mov bx, buffer
mov al, [bx]
cmp al, 'h'
jne help_end
inc bx
mov al, [bx]
cmp al, 'e'
jne help_end
inc bx
mov al, [bx]
cmp al, 'l'
jne help_end
inc bx
mov al, [bx]
cmp al, 'p'
jne help_end
call com_help
jmp pro_end
help_end:
mov bx, buffer
mov al, [bx]
cmp al, 'd'
jne dir_end
inc bx
mov al, [bx]
cmp al, 'i'
jne dir_end
inc bx
mov al, [bx]
cmp al, 'r'
jne dir_end
call com_dir
jmp pro_end
dir_end:
mov bx, buffer
mov al, [bx]
cmp al, 'o'
jne open_end
inc bx
mov al, [bx]
cmp al, 'p'
jne open_end
inc bx
mov al, [bx]
cmp al, 'e'
jne open_end
inc bx
mov al, [bx]
cmp al, 'n'
jne open_end
call com_open
jmp pro_end
open_end:
mov bx, not_found
call str_prt
call new_line
pro_end:
pop ax
pop bx
ret

com_help:
push bx
call new_line
call draw_line
mov bx, dir_help
call str_prt
call new_line
call draw_line
call new_line
pop bx
ret

com_dir:
push ax
push bx
push cx
push dx
call new_line
call draw_line
mov bx, drive_num
mov dl, [bx]
mov al, 0x01
mov ch, 0x00
mov cl, 0x01
mov dh, 0x00
com_dir_loop:
call read_dir
cmp cl, 0x12
je false1
inc cl
jmp com_dir_loop
false1:
cmp ch, 0x4f
je false2
inc ch
xor cl, cl
add cl, 0x01
jmp com_dir_loop
false2:
call draw_line
call new_line
pop dx
pop cx
pop bx
pop ax 
ret

read_dir:
push ax
push bx
mov bx, 0x1000
mov es, bx
mov bx, 0xe00
call read_disc
clc
mov bx, 0x0e00
mov al, [bx]
cmp al, 'F'
jne read_dir_end
mov bx, 0x0e01
call str_prt
call new_line
read_dir_end:
pop bx
pop ax 
mov bx, 0x1000
mov es, bx
ret

com_open:
push ax
push bx
push cx
push dx
mov bx, drive_num
mov dl, [bx]
mov cl, 0x00
mov al, 0x01
mov dh, 0x00
mov bx, 0x1000
mov es, bx
mov ch, 0x00
mov cl, 0x09
mov bx, 0xe00
;----------
com_open_loop:
call read_disc
call next_load
jc com_open_loop_end
jmp com_open_loop
;----------
com_open_loop_end:
clc
call 0x0e0d
clc
call new_line
mov bx, 0x1000
mov es, bx
mov ds, bx
pop dx
pop cx
pop bx
pop ax 
ret

next_load:

clc
ret

buffer times 20 db 0

drive_num:
db 0
root_drive:
db 0

welcome_msg:
db 'Welcome to matriXos$'
creator_msg:
db 'Created by Vishnu Shankar.B$'
boot_msg:
db 'Booting command line interface...$'
not_found:
db '<Error>Command cannot be resolved! Use command "help"$'
dir_help:
db '    dir - Lists files in a drive$'
line:
db '==============================$'
art1:
db '            ==       ==$'
art2:
db '            #  X   X  #$'
art3:
db '            #   X X   #$'
art4:
db '            #    X    #$'
art5:
db '            #   X X   #$'
art6:
db '            #  X   X  #$'
art7:
db '            ==       ==$'
load_msg:
db 'Successfully loaded operating system$'

jmp $
times 3584 - ($ - $$) db 0

我的文件util.inc:

key_scan:
cmp al, 0x08
je back_space
cmp al, 0x0d
je enter
cmp cx, 0x0015 
je end
mov ah, 0x0e
int 0x10
mov bx, buffer
add bx, cx
mov [bx], al
inc cx
jmp end
back_space:
cmp cx, 0x00
je end
dec cx
mov ah, 0x0e
mov al, 0x08
int 0x10
mov al, 0x20
int 0x10
mov al, 0x08
int 0x10
jmp end
enter:
xor cx, cx
mov ah, 0x0e
mov al, 0x0a
int 0x10
mov al, 0x0d
int 0x10
call pro_com
call clear_buffer
mov ah, 0x0e
mov al, '>'
int 0x10
end:
ret

clear_buffer:
push ax
push bx
push cx
mov bx, buffer
xor cx, cx
xor ax, ax
start:
cmp cx, 0x41
je end_buff
mov [bx], ax
inc bx
inc cx
jmp start
end_buff:
pop cx
pop bx
pop ax
ret

str_prt:
pusha
str:
mov ah, 0x0e
mov al, [bx]
cmp al, '$'
je str_end
int 0x10
add bx, 1
jmp str
str_end:
popa
ret

draw_line:
push ax
push bx
line_str:
mov bx, line
call str_prt
call new_line
pop bx
pop ax
ret

new_line:
push ax
mov ah, 0x0e
mov al, 0x0a
int 0x10
mov al, 0x0d
int 0x10
pop ax
ret

read_disc:
mov ah, 0x02   
int 0x13   
ret

hex_print:
push ax
push cx
mov ah, 0x0e
mov al, '0'
int 0x10
mov al, 'x'
int 0x10
hex_print_start:
mov al, ch
and al, 0xf0
call hex_map
int 0x10
shl cx, 0x04
mov al, ch
and al, 0xf0
call hex_map
int 0x10
shl cx, 0x04
mov al, ch
and al, 0xf0
call hex_map
int 0x10
shl cx, 0x04
mov al, ch
and al, 0xf0
call hex_map
int 0x10
hex_print_end:
pop cx
pop ax
ret

hex_map:
cmp al, 0x00
jne zero_end
mov al, '0'
ret
zero_end:
cmp al, 0x10
jne one_end
mov al, '1'
ret
one_end:
cmp al, 0x20
jne two_end
mov al, '2'
ret
two_end:
cmp al, 0x30
jne three_end
mov al, '3'
ret
three_end:
cmp al, 0x40
jne four_end
mov al, '4'
ret
four_end:
cmp al, 0x50
jne five_end
mov al, '5'
ret
five_end:
cmp al, 0x60
jne six_end
mov al, '6'
ret
six_end:
cmp al, 0x70
jne seven_end
mov al, '7'
ret
seven_end:
cmp al, 0x80
jne eight_end
mov al, '8'
ret
eight_end:
cmp al, 0x90
jne nine_end
mov al, '9'
ret
nine_end:
cmp al, 0xa0
jne a_end
mov al, 'A'
ret
a_end:
cmp al, 0xb0
jne b_end
mov al, 'B'
ret
b_end:
cmp al, 0xc0
jne c_end
mov al, 'C'
ret
c_end:
cmp al, 0xd0
jne d_end
mov al, 'D'
ret
d_end:
cmp al, 0xe0
jne e_end
mov al, 'E'
ret
e_end:
cmp al, 0xf0
jne f_end
mov al, 'F'
ret
f_end:
ret

出于某种原因,它在读取 720KB(720 次)时在 bochs 中抛出此错误:

[FLOPPY] read() on floppy image returns 0

谁能给我解释一下哪里出了问题?

注意:请忽略com_open,还在开发中

错误:

read() on floppy image returns 0

表明 Bochs 正试图从您的磁盘映像中读取数据,但它试图访问的磁盘部分实际上并不存在。如果您创建的磁盘映像小于正在使用的软盘驱动器类型并且您没有使用自动媒体格式,则在 Bochs 中可能会发生这种情况。

您有几种方法可以解决这个问题。在 Bochs 中将 Type of floppy drive 设置为 720K,将 Type of floppy media 设置为 720K。由于您的磁盘映像是 720k,这样的更改应该会导致此错误消失。

另一种方法是将 Type of floppy drive 设置为 2.88MB 驱动器,然后将 Type of floppy media 设置为 auto。在现实世界中,一个 2.88MB 的软盘驱动器也可以读取 1.44MB、720K、360k 和 180k 的 3.5" 媒体。Bochs 试图用 AUTO 软盘媒体类型来模拟这一点。

如果您的磁盘映像是 720K 并且使用 AUTO 媒体,Bochs 将自动缩小到您实际使用的磁盘映像的大小。唯一的要求是磁盘映像正好是 180k、360k、720k、1440k、2880k 之一)。任何与已知标准 3.5" 磁盘大小不完全相同的大小都无法与 AUTO 一起正常工作。


你原来问题中的代码是这样做的:

com_dir_loop:
call read_dir
cmp cl, 0x12       ; 0x12=18 decimal. CL=sector number

如果使用 3.5" 720k 介质,每个柱面的扇区数是 0x09(不是 0x12)。在这个 Wiki article 中有一个很好的 table 软盘几何形状。你的代码不应该尝试读取高于媒体允许的扇区。Bochs 将抛出一种不同类型的错误,类似于 attempt to read/write sector xx past last sector x。您的代码可以看起来像这样:

com_dir_loop:
call read_dir
cmp cl, 0x09       ; CL=sector number

您将在 720k 软盘的图表中观察到的另一件事(在给定的 link 处)是 720K 软盘有 2 个磁头(0 和 1)。您的代码只处理磁头 0。这意味着您的代码将只能访问磁盘的一半内容。头 1 上的任何内容都将被忽略。您需要处理 DH 中的磁头,以便在达到每柱面扇区(磁道)限制时,将磁头增加 1。如果超过 2 个磁头限制,则您必须将扇区调整回 1,然后调整回 0,并将柱面增加 1。


由于您似乎正在编写内核的一部分,我建议您考虑创建一个 LBA(逻辑块寻址)到 CHS 例程(反之亦然)。 LBA 编号只是从 0 到驱动器上的扇区数的扇区号。例如,一张 720k 的软盘上有 1440 个 512 字节的扇区。所以 LBA 从 0 到 1439。您可以使用此 Wiki article 下的第二个公式将任何 LBA 转换为 CHS(气缸盖扇区)值。

CHS tuples can be mapped to LBA address with the following formula:[5][6]

LBA = (C × HPC + H) × SPT + (S - 1)

where

C, H and S are the cylinder number, the head number, and the sector number
LBA is the logical block address
HPC is the maximum number of heads per cylinder (reported by disk drive, typically 16 for 28-bit LBA)
SPT is the maximum number of sectors per track (reported by disk drive, typically 63 for 28-bit LBA)

LBA addresses can be mapped to CHS tuples with the following formula ("mod" is the modulo operation, i.e. the remainder, and "÷" is integer division, i.e. the quotient of the division where any fractional part is discarded):

C = LBA ÷ (HPC × SPT)
H = (LBA ÷ SPT) mod HPC
S = (LBA mod SPT) + 1

执行第二个函数(将 LBA 转换为 CHS),然后您可以从 0 循环到 1439,将每个 LBA 转换为 CHS,然后调用读取扇区函数。如果您打算浏览 DOS 的 FAT12FAT16 磁盘格式等

,这将非常有用