将两个向量 <bool> 与 SSE 进行比较

Comparing two vector<bool> with SSE

我有两个 vector<bool> A 和 B。

我想比较它们并计算相等的元素个数:

例如:

A = {0,1,0,1}
B = {0,0,1,1}

结果将等于 2。

我可以使用 _mm_cmpeq_epi8 但它只比较 16 个元素(即我应该将 0 和 1 转换为 char 然后进行比较)。 是否可以用SSE(或SIMD指令)每次比较128个元素?

std::vector<bool>std::vector 对类型 bool 的特化。尽管 C++ 标准未指定,但在大多数实现中,std::vector<bool> 变得 space 高效,因此它的每个元素都是一个位而不是 bool.

std::vector<bool> 的行为类似于它的主要模板副本,不同之处在于:

  1. std::vector<bool> 不一定连续存储其元素。
  2. 为了公开其元素(即各个位)std::vector<bool> 使用代理 class(即 std::vector<bool>::reference)。 class std::vector<bool>::reference 的对象由 std::vector<bool> 下标运算符(即 operator[])按值返回。

因此,我不认为使用 _mm_cmpeq_epi8 之类的函数是可移植的,因为 std::vector<bool> 的存储是实现定义的(即不保证连续)。

另一种可移植的方法是使用常规的 STL 工具,如下例所示:

std::vector<bool> A = {0,1,0,1};
std::vector<bool> B = {0,0,1,1};
std::vector<bool> C(A.size());
std::transform(A.begin(), A.end(), B.begin(), C.begin(), [](bool const &a, bool const &b) { return a == b;});
std::cout << std::count(C.begin(), C.end(), true) << std::endl;

Live Demo

如果您可以假设 vector<bool> 正在使用连续的字节大小的元素进行存储,或者如果您可以考虑使用类似 vector<uint8_t> 的东西,那么这个示例应该会给您一个良好的开端点数:

static size_t count_equal(const vector<uint8_t> &vec1, const vector<uint8_t> &vec2)
{
    assert(vec1.size() == vec2.size());         // vectors must be same size

    const size_t n = vec1.size();
    const size_t max_block_size = 255 * 16;     // max block size before possible overflow

    __m128i vcount = _mm_setzero_si128();
    size_t i, count = 0;

    for (i = 0; i + 16 <= n; )                  // for each block
    {
        size_t m = std::min(n, i + max_block_size);

        for ( ; i + 16 <= m; i += 16)           // for each vector in block
        {
            __m128i v1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)&vec1[i]);
            __m128i v2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)&vec2[i]);
            __m128i vcmp = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(v1, v2);
            vcount = _mm_sub_epi8(vcount, vcmp);
        }
        vcount = _mm_sad_epu8(vcount, _mm_setzero_si128());
        count += _mm_extract_epi16(vcount, 0) + _mm_extract_epi16(vcount, 4);
        vcount = _mm_setzero_si128();           // update count from current block
    }
    vcount = _mm_sad_epu8(vcount, _mm_setzero_si128());
    count += _mm_extract_epi16(vcount, 0) + _mm_extract_epi16(vcount, 4);
    for ( ; i < n; ++i)                         // deal with any remaining partial vector
    {
        count += (vec1[i] == vec2[i]);
    }
    return count;
}

请注意,这是使用 vector<uint8_t>。如果您真的必须使用 vector<bool> 并且可以保证元素始终是连续的并且是字节大小的,那么您只需要以某种方式将 vector<bool> 强制转换为 const uint8_t * 或类似的。

测试工具:

#include <cassert>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <ctime>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>

#include <emmintrin.h>    // SSE2

using std::vector;

static size_t count_equal_ref(const vector<uint8_t> &vec1, const vector<uint8_t> &vec2)
{
    assert(vec1.size() == vec2.size());

    const size_t n = vec1.size();
    size_t i, count = 0;

    for (i = 0 ; i < n; ++i)
    {
        count += (vec1[i] == vec2[i]);
    }
    return count;
}

static size_t count_equal(const vector<uint8_t> &vec1, const vector<uint8_t> &vec2)
{
    assert(vec1.size() == vec2.size());         // vectors must be same size

    const size_t n = vec1.size();
    const size_t max_block_size = 255 * 16;     // max block size before possible overflow

    __m128i vcount = _mm_setzero_si128();
    size_t i, count = 0;

    for (i = 0; i + 16 <= n; )                  // for each block
    {
        size_t m = std::min(n, i + max_block_size);

        for ( ; i + 16 <= m; i += 16)           // for each vector in block
        {
            __m128i v1 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)&vec1[i]);
            __m128i v2 = _mm_loadu_si128((__m128i *)&vec2[i]);
            __m128i vcmp = _mm_cmpeq_epi8(v1, v2);
            vcount = _mm_sub_epi8(vcount, vcmp);
        }
        vcount = _mm_sad_epu8(vcount, _mm_setzero_si128());
        count += _mm_extract_epi16(vcount, 0) + _mm_extract_epi16(vcount, 4);
        vcount = _mm_setzero_si128();           // update count from current block
    }
    vcount = _mm_sad_epu8(vcount, _mm_setzero_si128());
    count += _mm_extract_epi16(vcount, 0) + _mm_extract_epi16(vcount, 4);
    for ( ; i < n; ++i)                         // deal with any remaining partial vector
    {
        count += (vec1[i] == vec2[i]);
    }
    return count;
}

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
    size_t n = 100;

    if (argc > 1)
    {
        n = atoi(argv[1]);
    }

    vector<uint8_t> vec1(n);
    vector<uint8_t> vec2(n);

    srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));

    for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i)
    {
        vec1[i] = rand() & 1;
        vec2[i] = rand() & 1;
    }

    size_t n_ref = count_equal_ref(vec1, vec2);
    size_t n_test = count_equal(vec1, vec2);

    if (n_ref == n_test)
    {
        std::cout << "PASS" << std::endl;
    }
    else
    {
        std::cout << "FAIL: n_ref = " << n_ref << ", n_test = " << n_test << std::endl;
    }

    return 0;
}

编译并运行:

$ g++ -Wall -msse3 -O3 test.cpp && ./a.out
PASS