两个索引上的 MERGE JOIN 仍然导致 SORT?

MERGE JOIN on two indexes still causing a SORT?

这是一个简化为连接两个索引的性能问题。采用以下设置:

CREATE TABLE ZZ_BASE AS SELECT dbms_random.random AS ID, DBMS_RANDOM.STRING('U',10) AS STR FROM DUAL CONNECT BY LEVEL <=1000000;
CREATE INDEX ZZ_B_I ON ZZ_BASE(ID ASC); 
CREATE TABLE ZZ_CHILD AS SELECT dbms_random.random AS ID, DBMS_RANDOM.STRING('U',10) AS STR FROM DUAL CONNECT BY LEVEL <=1000000;
CREATE INDEX ZZ_C_I ON ZZ_CHILD(ID ASC);

-- As @Flado pointed out, the following is required so index scanning can be done
ALTER TABLE ZZ_BASE MODIFY (ID CONSTRAINT NN_B NOT NULL); 
ALTER TABLE ZZ_CHILD MODIFY (ID CONSTRAINT NN_C NOT NULL); -- given the join below not mandatory.

现在我想 LEFT OUTER JOIN 这两个 tables 并且只输出已经索引的 ID 字段。

SELECT  ZZ_BASE.ID 
FROM ZZ_BASE 
LEFT OUTER JOIN ZZ_CHILD ON (ZZ_BASE.ID = ZZ_CHILD.ID);
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation             | Name   | Rows  | Bytes |TempSpc| Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT      |        |  1000K|  9765K|       |  4894   (2)| 00:00:30 |
|*  1 |  HASH JOIN OUTER      |        |  1000K|  9765K|    16M|  4894   (2)| 00:00:30 |
|   2 |   INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| ZZ_B_I |  1000K|  4882K|       |   948   (3)| 00:00:06 |
|   3 |   INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| ZZ_C_I |  1000K|  4882K|       |   948   (3)| 00:00:06 |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

如您所见,不需要 table 访问,只需要索引访问。但是根据常识,HASH-joining并不是连接这两个索引的最佳方式。如果这两个 table 大得多,则必须创建一个非常大的散列 table。

一种更有效的方法是对两个索引进行 SORT-MERGE。

SELECT /*+ USE_MERGE(ZZ_BASE ZZ_CHILD) */ ZZ_BASE.ID 
FROM ZZ_BASE 
LEFT OUTER JOIN ZZ_CHILD ON (ZZ_BASE.ID = ZZ_CHILD.ID);
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation              | Name   | Rows  | Bytes |TempSpc| Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT       |        |  1000K|  9765K|       |  6931   (3)| 00:00:42 |
|   1 |  MERGE JOIN OUTER      |        |  1000K|  9765K|       |  6931   (3)| 00:00:42 |
|   2 |   INDEX FULL SCAN      | ZZ_B_I |  1000K|  4882K|       |  2258   (2)| 00:00:14 |
|*  3 |   SORT JOIN            |        |  1000K|  4882K|    22M|  4673   (4)| 00:00:29 |
|   4 |    INDEX FAST FULL SCAN| ZZ_C_I |  1000K|  4882K|       |   948   (3)| 00:00:06 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

但似乎第二个索引已排序,即使它已经排序 ("If an index exists, then the database can avoid sorting the first data set. However, the database always sorts the second data set, regardless of indexes"1)

基本上,我想要的是一个使用 SORT-MERGE 连接并立即开始输出记录的查询,即:

INDEX_ASC(或只是 INDEX)是您可能想要尝试的提示,以便将性能与真实数据进行比较。

我有点惊讶您对外部行源进行任何类型的索引扫描,因为 B*Tree 索引找不到 NULL 键并且 ZZ_BASE 没有 NOT NULL 约束。添加它并提示更多一点将使您按照 ZZ_C_I 索引的索引顺序进行完整扫描。不幸的是,这并没有为您节省 SORT JOIN 步骤,但至少它应该快得多 - O(n) - 因为数据已经排序。

alter table zz_base modify (id not null);
SELECT 
  /*+ leading(zz_base) USE_MERGE(ZZ_CHILD) 
      index_asc(zz_base (id)) index(zz_child (id)) */ ZZ_BASE.ID 
FROM ZZ_BASE left outer join ZZ_CHILD on zz_base.id=zz_child.id;

此查询使用以下执行计划:

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation         | Name   | Rows  | Bytes |TempSpc| Cost (%CPU)| Time     |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 | SELECT STATEMENT  |        |  1000K|  9765K|       |  8241   (3)| 00:00:50 |
|   1 |  MERGE JOIN OUTER |        |  1000K|  9765K|       |  8241   (3)| 00:00:50 |
|   2 |   INDEX FULL SCAN | ZZ_B_I |  1000K|  4882K|       |  2258   (2)| 00:00:14 |
|*  3 |   SORT JOIN       |        |  1000K|  4882K|    22M|  5983   (3)| 00:00:36 |
|   4 |    INDEX FULL SCAN| ZZ_C_I |  1000K|  4882K|       |  2258   (2)| 00:00:14 |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------