如何 RSA 验证在 php 中生成的 java 中的签名

Question

我们使用 phpseclib 进行 Public 数据密钥签名，android java 用于 Public 密钥验证。但屡屡失败。

PHP 生成密钥并通过私钥签名的代码

 include_once("phpseclib/autoload.php");

 function getKeys($keysize=2048){

        $rsa = new Crypt_RSA();
        //$rsa->setPublicKeyFormat(CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_OPENSSH);
        //$rsa->setPublicKeyFormat(CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS1);
        $rsa->setPrivateKeyFormat(CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS8);
        $rsa->setPublicKeyFormat(CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1);
        $d = $rsa->createKey($keysize);
        return array("publickey"=>$d['publickey'], "privatekey"=>$d['privatekey']);

    }

    function encryptdata($message, $encryptionKey){

        $rsa = new Crypt_RSA();
        //$rsa->setPublicKeyFormat(CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS1);
        $rsa->setPrivateKeyFormat(CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS8);
        $rsa->setPublicKeyFormat(CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1);

        //$rsa->setPublicKeyFormat(CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_OPENSSH);
        $rsa->loadKey($encryptionKey); // public key
        return $rsa->encrypt($message);
    } 

    function decryptdata($message, $decryptionKey){

        $rsa = new Crypt_RSA();
//        $rsa->setPublicKeyFormat(CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_OPENSSH);
//        $rsa->setPublicKeyFormat(CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS1);
        $rsa->setPrivateKeyFormat(CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS8);
        $rsa->setPublicKeyFormat(CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1);

        $rsa->loadKey($decryptionKey); // private key
        return $rsa->decrypt($message);

    }    

    $keys = getKeys();
    file_put_contents("key.pub", $keys["publickey"]);
    file_put_contents("key.priv", $keys["privatekey"]);

    $publickey = file_get_contents("key.pub");
    $privatekey = file_get_contents("key.priv");

    //print_r($keys);
    $string = "Hi I m here";
    $hash = hash("sha256", $string);

    $encdata = encryptdata($hash, $privatekey);
    echo $base_encdata  = base64_encode($encdata);

JAVA代码

import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.SignatureException;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.lang.String;
class PubCheck {
    public static boolean verify(String message, String signature, PublicKey publicKey) throws SignatureException{
    try {
        Signature sign = Signature.getInstance("SHA1withRSA");
        sign.initVerify(publicKey);
        sign.update(message.getBytes("UTF-8"));
        return sign.verify(Base64.decodeBase64(signature.getBytes("UTF-8")));
    } catch (Exception ex) {
        throw new SignatureException(ex);
    }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) 
    throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, UnsupportedEncodingException, InvalidKeySpecException, SignatureException 
    {
    String plainData = "Hi I m here";
    String pkey = "MIIBCgKCAQEA2tF2g/muNw9xKTVcIkjUMvMhygtIW49yo1PgbwqDQ/w9MSfEARtYYF6Tenfz0twaR/eI14GXmlIffflORe4eaSuMBhwQFOIKU/1+v1BV3RLqGGblvHTVaMVm49AGiqxNnh1LBbcSrC5UhMqlL/HGiku0oYsbjLzwcLc5ac6aBQVD60wWGNm1g26lRQGRbCLqxVfcWKT3AMvEQK3cEx/En7/5Vg1V8xnJraNMrO8UGnaX8LLJFzYJiSCEShh7F+pMHbf4MaBekw7Aaf5hPJtczNsR137R92Be3OP4idI5NLmTV+Pi1DWlxhjEhswKH88SP+gsW31gS7B/ddECUqewQwIDAQAB";

    String data = "aP0nuYYA1hE5odsCkR/DcdRbBvO2Z8IOlqXf/bKZJiG8HELIop90Vno1dKC1qyHEAOXy0gtH7GtJamzoBjDZmHPT6eto9EZP/xE7xZ8L05kjp0z2thLqO7on4C6DrG++TK1j+E3T7V0UeU874WIB0AEVzu1XUKFW6aeuU67a/gdn8N2n7N/WXtlyNSVZXg8f4PeUhGvFJrhINZT7BuMMZj1gZs4wMJPAICwfvVeg02RPH0N3Ybf2iVgRuZlmtQXGTyBlCxe9ybdHzuQM6nXghpLNmaOzCypb+yVs3Da7E0b3/fKQ7JqPSquWex2ERZbIMSTC6oCzc1rOF6iKVAd92Q==";

    byte[] encodedPublicKey = pkey.getBytes( "utf-8" );
    //System.out.println(new String(encodedPublicKey, "UTF-8") + "\n");

    X509EncodedKeySpec publicKeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec( encodedPublicKey );
    //PKCS8EncodedKeySpec publicKeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(encodedPublicKey);

    KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance( "RSA" );

    PublicKey publicKey = keyFactory.generatePublic( publicKeySpec );

    boolean retvar = verify(plainData, data, publicKey);

    // 3 - verifying content with signature and content :
    /*Signature sig = Signature.getInstance( "SHA256withRSA" );
    sig.initVerify( publicKey );
    sig.update( data.getBytes( ) );
    ret = sig.verify( sign.getBytes( ) );*/

    //byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(data);
    }
}

我通过

编译了 java 代码

javac -cp commons-codec-1.10.jar:. PubCheck.java
java -cp commons-codec-1.10.jar:. PubCheck

然后发现如下异常

Exception in thread "main"   java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException: java.security.InvalidKeyException: invalid key format
at sun.security.rsa.RSAKeyFactory.engineGeneratePublic(RSAKeyFactory.java:205)
at java.security.KeyFactory.generatePublic(KeyFactory.java:334)
at PubCheck.main(PubCheck.java:67)
Caused by: java.security.InvalidKeyException: invalid key format
at sun.security.x509.X509Key.decode(X509Key.java:387)
at sun.security.x509.X509Key.decode(X509Key.java:403)
at sun.security.rsa.RSAPublicKeyImpl.<init>(RSAPublicKeyImpl.java:83)
at  sun.security.rsa.RSAKeyFactory.generatePublic(RSAKeyFactory.java:298)
at sun.security.rsa.RSAKeyFactory.engineGeneratePublic(RSAKeyFactory.java:201)
... 2 more

免责声明：我对 java 的了解为零。我尝试的所有代码都是从网上找到的。

更新：问题终于解决了，java 代码可以在 Maarten Bodewes 的帮助下进行验证。他提供的代码有一个变化我需要从 phpseclib 传递 PKCS1 所以我改变了

Signature sig = Signature.getInstance( "SHA256withRSAandMGF1");

到

Signature sig = Signature.getInstance( "SHA256withRSA");

PHP 需要更改代码以使用符号而不是手动 encrypt/hashing。

function getKeys($keysize=2048){

    $rsa = new Crypt_RSA();
    $rsa->setPrivateKeyFormat(CRYPT_RSA_PRIVATE_FORMAT_PKCS8);
    $rsa->setPublicKeyFormat(CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1);
    $d = $rsa->createKey($keysize);
    return array("publickey"=>$d['publickey'], "privatekey"=>$d['privatekey']);

}


$string = "Hi I m here";
/*
$keys = getKeys();
file_put_contents("key1.pub", $keys["publickey"]);
file_put_contents("key1.priv", $keys["privatekey"]);
die;*/

$publickey = file_get_contents("key1.pub");
$privatekey = file_get_contents("key1.priv");

$hash = new Crypt_Hash('sha256');
$rsa = new Crypt_RSA();    
$rsa->loadKey($privatekey);
$rsa->setSignatureMode(CRYPT_RSA_ENCRYPTION_PKCS1);
$rsa->setHash('sha256');

$signature = $rsa->sign($string);
echo base64_encode($signature);

Answer 1

PKCS#1 密钥与 X.509 密钥几乎但不完全相同。

以下代码段将创建一个 Java JCA 兼容 public 密钥。然后它将尝试执行（默认）OAEP 解密。

package nl.owlstead.Whosebug;

import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8;

import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.Security;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.RSAPublicKeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.Base64.Decoder;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

import org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider;

public class PKCS1PublicKey {

    public static RSAPublicKey fromPKCS1Encoding(byte[] pkcs1EncodedPublicKey) {
        // --- parse public key ---
        org.bouncycastle.asn1.pkcs.RSAPublicKey pkcs1PublicKey;
        try {
            pkcs1PublicKey = org.bouncycastle.asn1.pkcs.RSAPublicKey
                    .getInstance(pkcs1EncodedPublicKey);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "Could not parse BER PKCS#1 public key structure", e);
        }

        // --- convert to JCE RSAPublicKey
        RSAPublicKeySpec spec = new RSAPublicKeySpec(
                pkcs1PublicKey.getModulus(), pkcs1PublicKey.getPublicExponent());
        KeyFactory rsaKeyFact;
        try {
            rsaKeyFact = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("RSA KeyFactory should be available", e);
        }
        try {
            return (RSAPublicKey) rsaKeyFact.generatePublic(spec);
        } catch (InvalidKeySpecException e) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "Invalid RSA public key, modulus and/or exponent invalid", e);
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        Security.addProvider(new BouncyCastleProvider());

        String pkey = "MIIBCgKCAQEA2tF2g/muNw9xKTVcIkjUMvMhygtIW49yo1PgbwqDQ/w9MSfEARtYYF6Tenfz0twaR/eI14GXmlIffflORe4eaSuMBhwQFOIKU/1+v1BV3RLqGGblvHTVaMVm49AGiqxNnh1LBbcSrC5UhMqlL/HGiku0oYsbjLzwcLc5ac6aBQVD60wWGNm1g26lRQGRbCLqxVfcWKT3AMvEQK3cEx/En7/5Vg1V8xnJraNMrO8UGnaX8LLJFzYJiSCEShh7F+pMHbf4MaBekw7Aaf5hPJtczNsR137R92Be3OP4idI5NLmTV+Pi1DWlxhjEhswKH88SP+gsW31gS7B/ddECUqewQwIDAQAB";
        Decoder decoder = Base64.getDecoder();
        byte[] dpkey = decoder.decode(pkey);
        RSAPublicKey publicKey = fromPKCS1Encoding(dpkey);

        String plainData = "Hi I m here";
        String data = "aP0nuYYA1hE5odsCkR/DcdRbBvO2Z8IOlqXf/bKZJiG8HELIop90Vno1dKC1qyHEAOXy0gtH7GtJamzoBjDZmHPT6eto9EZP/xE7xZ8L05kjp0z2thLqO7on4C6DrG++TK1j+E3T7V0UeU874WIB0AEVzu1XUKFW6aeuU67a/gdn8N2n7N/WXtlyNSVZXg8f4PeUhGvFJrhINZT7BuMMZj1gZs4wMJPAICwfvVeg02RPH0N3Ybf2iVgRuZlmtQXGTyBlCxe9ybdHzuQM6nXghpLNmaOzCypb+yVs3Da7E0b3/fKQ7JqPSquWex2ERZbIMSTC6oCzc1rOF6iKVAd92Q==";
        byte[] ciphertext = decoder.decode(data);

        // this will fail of course if the "signature" was generated using OAEP - use PSS signatures instead (see comments below)
        verifyBC(publicKey, plainData, ciphertext);
        System.out.flush();
        decryptBC(publicKey, plainData, ciphertext);
        System.out.flush();
        decryptSun(publicKey, plainData, ciphertext);
        System.out.flush();
    }

    private static void decryptBC(RSAPublicKey publicKey, String plainData,
            byte[] ciphertext) throws Exception {
        Cipher oaep = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA1AndMGF1Padding", "BC");
        // this *should* fail
        oaep.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
        byte[] plaintext = oaep.doFinal(ciphertext);
        System.out.println(new String(plaintext, UTF_8));
    }

    private static void decryptSun(RSAPublicKey publicKey, String plainData,
            byte[] ciphertext) throws Exception {
        Cipher oaep = Cipher.getInstance("RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA1AndMGF1Padding", "SunJCE");
        // this fails beautifully
        oaep.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
        byte[] plaintext = oaep.doFinal(ciphertext);
        System.out.println(new String(plaintext, UTF_8));
    }

    private static void verifyBC(RSAPublicKey publicKey, String plainData,
            byte[] ciphertext) throws Exception {
        // what should work (for PKCS#1 v1.5 signatures), requires Bouncy Castle provider
        Signature sig = Signature.getInstance( "SHA256withRSAandMGF1");
        sig.initVerify(publicKey);
        sig.update(plainData.getBytes(UTF_8));
        System.out.println(sig.verify(ciphertext));
    }
}

OAEP 的 SunJCE 实现将失败，因为它不接受用于签名验证的 public 密钥：

OAEP cannot be used to sign or verify signatures

现在这一定是我在密码学中遇到的最清晰、信息量最大的异常之一 API。您还可以使用 Bouncy Castle 提供程序，此提供程序将 "decrypt" 哈希值。然而，这不是 OAEP 的使用方式，您应该使用 PSS 来验证签名。

您应该改用 PHP RSA sign 方法，使用 setHash 设置 SHA-256。

Answer 2

尽管 Martin 的回答有效，但还有另一种方法可以摆脱 InvalidKeySpecException 异常。

在您的原始代码中，pkey 是 PKCS1 格式的 RSA 私钥。它需要是 PKCS8 格式的私钥才能与 X509EncodedKeySpec 一起使用（对应于 X509 证书的 SubjectPublicKeyInfo）。还需要进行base64解码

所以在你的 PHP 代码中你不会做 $rsa->setPublicKeyFormat(CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS1) - 你会做 $rsa->setPublicKeyFormat(CRYPT_RSA_PUBLIC_FORMAT_PKCS8).

我自己将您的 PKCS1 密钥转换为 PKCS8 并得到了这个：

String pkey = "MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA2tF2g/muNw9xKTVcIkjU" +
                 "MvMhygtIW49yo1PgbwqDQ/w9MSfEARtYYF6Tenfz0twaR/eI14GXmlIffflORe4e" +
                 "aSuMBhwQFOIKU/1+v1BV3RLqGGblvHTVaMVm49AGiqxNnh1LBbcSrC5UhMqlL/HG" +
                 "iku0oYsbjLzwcLc5ac6aBQVD60wWGNm1g26lRQGRbCLqxVfcWKT3AMvEQK3cEx/E" +
                 "n7/5Vg1V8xnJraNMrO8UGnaX8LLJFzYJiSCEShh7F+pMHbf4MaBekw7Aaf5hPJtc" +
                 "zNsR137R92Be3OP4idI5NLmTV+Pi1DWlxhjEhswKH88SP+gsW31gS7B/ddECUqew" +
                 "QwIDAQAB";
byte[] encodedPublicKey = Base64.decodeBase64(pkey);

当然，您需要删除现有的 pkey 和 encodedPublicKey 分配。

此外，您可以在 PHP 代码中使用 return $d 而不是 return array("publickey"=>$d['publickey'], "privatekey"=>$d['privatekey'])..

如何 RSA 验证在 php 中生成的 java 中的签名

How to RSA verify a signature in java that was generated in php

java

php

cryptography

digital-signature

phpseclib