POST 使用 Retrofit 2.0 的多部分表单数据,包括图像

POST Multipart Form Data using Retrofit 2.0 including image

我正在尝试使用 Retrofit 2.0

对服务器执行 HTTP POST
MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_TEXT = MediaType.parse("text/plain");
MediaType MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE = MediaType.parse("image/*");

ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
    imageBitmap.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG,90,byteArrayOutputStream);
profilePictureByte = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();

Call<APIResults> call = ServiceAPI.updateProfile(
        RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_TEXT, emailString),
        RequestBody.create(MEDIA_TYPE_IMAGE, profilePictureByte));

call.enqueue();

服务器 returns 一个错误,指出文件无效。

这很奇怪,因为我曾尝试在 iOS(使用其他库)上上传具有相同格式的相同文件,但上传成功。

我想知道使用 Retrofit 2.0 上传图片的正确方法是什么?

我应该先存盘再上传吗?

P.S.: 我已经对其他不包含图像的多部分请求进行了改造,它们成功完成了。问题是当我试图在正文中包含一个字节时。

我强调了 1.9 和 2.0 中的解决方案,因为它对某些人很有用

1.9中,我认为更好的解决方案是将文件保存到磁盘并将其用作类型文件,如:

改装 1.9

(我不知道你的 server-side 实现)有一个 API 接口方法类似于这个

@POST("/en/Api/Results/UploadFile")
void UploadFile(@Part("file") TypedFile file,
                @Part("folder") String folder,
                Callback<Response> callback);

并像

一样使用它
TypedFile file = new TypedFile("multipart/form-data",
                                       new File(path));

对于RetroFit 2使用下面的方法

RetroFit 2.0(这是 issue in RetroFit 2 which is fixed now, for the correct method refer 的解决方法)

API接口:

public interface ApiInterface {

    @Multipart
    @POST("/api/Accounts/editaccount")
    Call<User> editUser(@Header("Authorization") String authorization,
                        @Part("file\"; filename=\"pp.png\" ") RequestBody file,
                        @Part("FirstName") RequestBody fname,
                        @Part("Id") RequestBody id);
}

像这样使用它:

File file = new File(imageUri.getPath());

RequestBody fbody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("image/*"),
                                       file);

RequestBody name = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("text/plain"),
                                      firstNameField.getText()
                                                    .toString());

RequestBody id = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("text/plain"),
                                    AZUtils.getUserId(this));

Call<User> call = client.editUser(AZUtils.getToken(this),
                                  fbody,
                                  name,
                                  id);

call.enqueue(new Callback<User>() {

    @Override
    public void onResponse(retrofit.Response<User> response,
                           Retrofit retrofit) {

        AZUtils.printObject(response.body());
    }

    @Override
    public void onFailure(Throwable t) {

        t.printStackTrace();
    }
});

更新Retrofit2.0

中上传图片文件的代码
public interface ApiInterface {

    @Multipart
    @POST("user/signup")
    Call<UserModelResponse> updateProfilePhotoProcess(@Part("email") RequestBody email,
                                                      @Part("password") RequestBody password,
                                                      @Part("profile_pic\"; filename=\"pp.png")
                                                              RequestBody file);
}

MediaType.parse("image/*")更改为MediaType.parse("image/jpeg")

RequestBody reqFile = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("image/jpeg"),
                                         file);
RequestBody email = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("text/plain"),
                                       "upload_test4@gmail.com");
RequestBody password = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("text/plain"),
                                          "123456789");

Call<UserModelResponse> call = apiService.updateProfilePhotoProcess(email,
                                                                    password,
                                                                    reqFile);
call.enqueue(new Callback<UserModelResponse>() {

    @Override
    public void onResponse(Call<UserModelResponse> call,
                           Response<UserModelResponse> response) {

        String
                TAG =
                response.body()
                        .toString();

        UserModelResponse userModelResponse = response.body();
        UserModel userModel = userModelResponse.getUserModel();

        Log.d("MainActivity",
              "user image = " + userModel.getProfilePic());

    }

    @Override
    public void onFailure(Call<UserModelResponse> call,
                          Throwable t) {

        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,
                       "" + TAG,
                       Toast.LENGTH_LONG)
             .show();

    }
});

有一种 正确 上传文件的方法 Retrofit 2,没有任何 hack:

定义API接口:

@Multipart
@POST("uploadAttachment")
Call<MyResponse> uploadAttachment(@Part MultipartBody.Part filePart); 
                                   // You can add other parameters too

像这样上传文件:

File file = // initialize file here

MultipartBody.Part filePart = MultipartBody.Part.createFormData("file", file.getName(), RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("image/*"), file));

Call<MyResponse> call = api.uploadAttachment(filePart);

这里只演示文件上传,您也可以在同一个方法中添加其他参数@Part注解

我为我的注册用户使用了 Retrofit 2.0,从注册帐户发送 multipart/form 文件图像和文本

在我的 RegisterActivity 中,使用 AsyncTask

//AsyncTask
private class Register extends AsyncTask<String, Void, String> {

    @Override
    protected void onPreExecute() {..}

    @Override
    protected String doInBackground(String... params) {
        new com.tequilasoft.mesasderegalos.dbo.Register().register(txtNombres, selectedImagePath, txtEmail, txtPassword);
        responseMensaje = StaticValues.mensaje ;
        mensajeCodigo = StaticValues.mensajeCodigo;
        return String.valueOf(StaticValues.code);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onPostExecute(String codeResult) {..}

而在我的 Register.java class 中使用 Retrofit 进行同步调用

import android.util.Log;
import com.tequilasoft.mesasderegalos.interfaces.RegisterService;
import com.tequilasoft.mesasderegalos.utils.StaticValues;
import com.tequilasoft.mesasderegalos.utils.Utilities;
import java.io.File;
import okhttp3.MediaType;
import okhttp3.MultipartBody;
import okhttp3.RequestBody;
import okhttp3.ResponseBody;
import retrofit2.Call; 
import retrofit2.Response;
/**Created by sam on 2/09/16.*/
public class Register {

public void register(String nombres, String selectedImagePath, String email, String password){

    try {
        // create upload service client
        RegisterService service = ServiceGenerator.createUser(RegisterService.class);

        // add another part within the multipart request
        RequestBody requestEmail =
                RequestBody.create(
                        MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), email);
        // add another part within the multipart request
        RequestBody requestPassword =
                RequestBody.create(
                        MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), password);
        // add another part within the multipart request
        RequestBody requestNombres =
                RequestBody.create(
                        MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), nombres);

        MultipartBody.Part imagenPerfil = null;
        if(selectedImagePath!=null){
            File file = new File(selectedImagePath);
            Log.i("Register","Nombre del archivo "+file.getName());
            // create RequestBody instance from file
            RequestBody requestFile =
                    RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file);
            // MultipartBody.Part is used to send also the actual file name
            imagenPerfil = MultipartBody.Part.createFormData("imagenPerfil", file.getName(), requestFile);
        }

        // finally, execute the request
        Call<ResponseBody> call = service.registerUser(imagenPerfil, requestEmail,requestPassword,requestNombres);
        Response<ResponseBody> bodyResponse = call.execute();
        StaticValues.code  = bodyResponse.code();
        StaticValues.mensaje  = bodyResponse.message();
        ResponseBody errorBody = bodyResponse.errorBody();
        StaticValues.mensajeCodigo  = errorBody==null
                ?null
                :Utilities.mensajeCodigoDeLaRespuestaJSON(bodyResponse.errorBody().byteStream());
        Log.i("Register","Code "+StaticValues.code);
        Log.i("Register","mensaje "+StaticValues.mensaje);
        Log.i("Register","mensajeCodigo "+StaticValues.mensaje);
    }
    catch (Exception e){
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}
}

RegisterService接口中

public interface RegisterService {
@Multipart
@POST(StaticValues.REGISTER)
Call<ResponseBody> registerUser(@Part MultipartBody.Part image,
                                @Part("email") RequestBody email,
                                @Part("password") RequestBody password,
                                @Part("nombre") RequestBody nombre
);
}

对于 InputStream 响应的 Utilities 解析

public class Utilities {
public static String mensajeCodigoDeLaRespuestaJSON(InputStream inputStream){
    String mensajeCodigo = null;
    try {
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(
                new InputStreamReader(
                    inputStream, "iso-8859-1"), 8);
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        String line;
        while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
            sb.append(line).append("\n");
        }
        inputStream.close();
        mensajeCodigo = sb.toString();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        Log.e("Buffer Error", "Error converting result " + e.toString());
    }
    return mensajeCodigo;
}
}

添加@insomniac给出的答案。您可以创建一个 Map 来放置 RequestBody 的参数,包括图像。

接口代码

public interface ApiInterface {
@Multipart
@POST("/api/Accounts/editaccount")
Call<User> editUser (@Header("Authorization") String authorization, @PartMap Map<String, RequestBody> map);
}

代码 Java class

File file = new File(imageUri.getPath());
RequestBody fbody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("image/*"), file);
RequestBody name = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("text/plain"), firstNameField.getText().toString());
RequestBody id = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("text/plain"), AZUtils.getUserId(this));

Map<String, RequestBody> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("file\"; filename=\"pp.png\" ", fbody);
map.put("FirstName", name);
map.put("Id", id);
Call<User> call = client.editUser(AZUtils.getToken(this), map);
call.enqueue(new Callback<User>() {
@Override
public void onResponse(retrofit.Response<User> response, Retrofit retrofit) 
{
    AZUtils.printObject(response.body());
}

@Override
public void onFailure(Throwable t) {
    t.printStackTrace();
 }
});

使用 Retrofit 上传文件非常简单您需要将 api 界面构建为

public interface Api {

    String BASE_URL = "http://192.168.43.124/ImageUploadApi/";


    @Multipart
    @POST("yourapipath")
    Call<MyResponse> uploadImage(@Part("image\"; filename=\"myfile.jpg\" ") RequestBody file, @Part("desc") RequestBody desc);

}

在上面的代码中 image 是键名所以如果你使用 php 你会写 $_FILES['image' ]['tmp_name'] 得到这个。 filename="myfile.jpg" 是随请求一起发送的文件的名称。

现在要上传文件,您需要一种方法来为您提供来自 Uri 的绝对路径。

private String getRealPathFromURI(Uri contentUri) {
    String[] proj = {MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA};
    CursorLoader loader = new CursorLoader(this, contentUri, proj, null, null, null);
    Cursor cursor = loader.loadInBackground();
    int column_index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA);
    cursor.moveToFirst();
    String result = cursor.getString(column_index);
    cursor.close();
    return result;
}

现在您可以使用以下代码上传您的文件。

 private void uploadFile(Uri fileUri, String desc) {

        //creating a file
        File file = new File(getRealPathFromURI(fileUri));

        //creating request body for file
        RequestBody requestFile = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse(getContentResolver().getType(fileUri)), file);
        RequestBody descBody = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("text/plain"), desc);

        //The gson builder
        Gson gson = new GsonBuilder()
                .setLenient()
                .create();


        //creating retrofit object
        Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                .baseUrl(Api.BASE_URL)
                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create(gson))
                .build();

        //creating our api 
        Api api = retrofit.create(Api.class);

        //creating a call and calling the upload image method 
        Call<MyResponse> call = api.uploadImage(requestFile, descBody);

        //finally performing the call 
        call.enqueue(new Callback<MyResponse>() {
            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call<MyResponse> call, Response<MyResponse> response) {
                if (!response.body().error) {
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "File Uploaded Successfully...", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                } else {
                    Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Some error occurred...", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call<MyResponse> call, Throwable t) {
                Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), t.getMessage(), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            }
        });
    }

更详细的解释可以访问这个Retrofit Upload File Tutorial.

所以这是完成任务的非常简单的方法。您需要按照以下步骤操作:-

1.第一步

public interface APIService {  
    @Multipart
    @POST("upload")
    Call<ResponseBody> upload(
        @Part("item") RequestBody description,
        @Part("imageNumber") RequestBody description,
        @Part MultipartBody.Part imageFile
    );
}

您需要将整个调用设为 @Multipart requestitemimage number 只是包裹在 RequestBody 中的字符串主体。我们使用 MultipartBody.Part class 允许我们在请求

中发送除二进制文件数据之外的实际文件名

2。第二步

  File file = (File) params[0];
  RequestBody requestFile = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file);

  MultipartBody.Part body =MultipartBody.Part.createFormData("Image", file.getName(), requestBody);

  RequestBody ItemId = RequestBody.create(okhttp3.MultipartBody.FORM, "22");
  RequestBody ImageNumber = RequestBody.create(okhttp3.MultipartBody.FORM,"1");
  final Call<UploadImageResponse> request = apiService.uploadItemImage(body, ItemId,ImageNumber);

现在你有 image path,你需要转换成 file。现在使用方法 RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file)file 转换成 RequestBody。现在您需要使用方法 MultipartBody.Part.createFormData("Image", file.getName(), requestBody);RequestBody requestFile 转换为 MultipartBody.Part

ImageNumberItemId 是我需要发送到服务器的另一个数据,所以我也将两者都变成了 RequestBody.

For more info

Kotlin 版本更新 RequestBody.create

改造界面

@Multipart
@POST("uploadPhoto")
fun uploadFile(@Part file: MultipartBody.Part): Call<FileResponse>

并上传

fun uploadFile(fileUrl: String){
    val file = File(fileUrl)
    val fileUploadService = RetrofitClientInstance.retrofitInstance.create(FileUploadService::class.java)
    val requestBody = file.asRequestBody(file.extension.toMediaTypeOrNull())
    val filePart = MultipartBody.Part.createFormData(
        "blob",file.name,requestBody
    )
    val call = fileUploadService.uploadFile(filePart)

    call.enqueue(object: Callback<FileResponse>{
        override fun onFailure(call: Call<FileResponse>, t: Throwable) {
            Log.d(TAG,"Fckd")
        }

        override fun onResponse(call: Call<FileResponse>, response: Response<FileResponse>) {
            Log.d(TAG,"success"+response.toString()+" "+response.body().toString()+"  "+response.body()?.status)
        }

    })
}

感谢@jimmy0251

不要在函数名中使用多个参数只使用简单的几个参数约定,这将增加代码的可读性,为此你可以这样做 -

// MultipartBody.Part.createFormData("partName", data)
Call<SomReponse> methodName(@Part MultiPartBody.Part part);
// RequestBody.create(MediaType.get("text/plain"), data)
Call<SomReponse> methodName(@Part(value = "partName") RequestBody part); 
/* for single use or you can use by Part name with Request body */

// add multiple list of part as abstraction |ease of readability|
Call<SomReponse> methodName(@Part List<MultiPartBody.Part> parts); 
Call<SomReponse> methodName(@PartMap Map<String, RequestBody> parts);
// this way you will save the abstraction of multiple parts.

在使用 Retrofit 时可能会遇到 多个异常,所有异常都记录为代码有一个演练到 retrofit2/RequestFactory.java 。你可以使用两个函数 parseParameterAnnotationparseMethodAnnotation 可以抛出异常的地方,请通过这个,它会比 googling/Whosebug[= 节省你很多时间23=]

在 kotlin 中非常简单,使用 toMediaTypeasRequestBody[= 的扩展方法26=]toRequestBody 这是一个例子:

在这里,我使用 multipart

发布了几个普通字段以及一个 pdf 文件和一个图像文件

这是 API 使用改装的声明:

    @Multipart
    @POST("api/Lesson/AddNewLesson")
    fun createLesson(
        @Part("userId") userId: RequestBody,
        @Part("LessonTitle") lessonTitle: RequestBody,
        @Part pdf: MultipartBody.Part,
        @Part imageFile: MultipartBody.Part
    ): Maybe<BaseResponse<String>>

实际调用方法如下:

api.createLesson(
            userId.toRequestBody("text/plain".toMediaType()),
            lessonTitle.toRequestBody("text/plain".toMediaType()),
            startFromRegister.toString().toRequestBody("text/plain".toMediaType()),
            MultipartBody.Part.createFormData(
                "jpeg",
                imageFile.name,
                imageFile.asRequestBody("image/*".toMediaType())
            ),
            MultipartBody.Part.createFormData(
                "pdf",
                pdfFile.name,
                pdfFile.asRequestBody("application/pdf".toMediaType())
            )
* Return MultipartBody from file path

 public static MultipartBody.Part generateFileBody(String imagePath)
    {
        File file = new File(imagePath);
        RequestBody requestFile = RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data"), file);
        return MultipartBody.Part.createFormData("mediaProfilePic", file.getName(), requestFile);
    }

requestBody可以用来上传

  val body: RequestBody = Builder().setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
        .addFormDataPart(
            "file", "<image name you wish to give>",
            RequestBody.create(
                MediaType.parse("application/octet-stream"),
                File(path)
            )
        )
        .build()
uploadProfilePhoto(body)

然后这样调用:

   @POST("/**")
    suspend fun uploadProfilePhoto(
        @Body body: RequestBody,
    ): ResponseBody
}

就我而言,我需要发送一个 PDF 文件 (application/pdf),以及 JSON 信息 (application/json)。值得庆幸的是,Retrofit2 使这变得超级简单。

我的界面如下所示:

interface MyApi {
    @Multipart
    @POST("upload")
    fun uploadPDF(
        @Part file: MultipartBody.Part,
        @Part(value = "jsoninfo") jsoninfo: MyJsonObject
    ): Call<MyResponse>
}

其中 jsoninfo 是我的 JSON 数据的名称,MyJsonObject 是我的数据 class,MyResponse 是我期待的响应,当然。

然后,我只需按如下方式调用 API 方法:

val myJsonObject = MyJsonObject(...)

// "file" is of type byte[] already
val requestBody = RequestBody.create(file, MediaType.parse("application/pdf"))
val filePart = MultipartBody.Part.createFormData("file", "myfile.pdf", requestBody)

api.uploadPDF(filePart, myJsonObject).enqueue(...)