将代理设置为 urllib.request (Python3)

Question

如何为 Python 中的最后一个 urllib 设置代理 3. 我在做下一个

from urllib import request as urlrequest
ask = urlrequest.Request(url)     # note that here Request has R not r as prev versions
open = urlrequest.urlopen(req)
open.read()

我尝试如下添加代理：

ask=urlrequest.Request.set_proxy(ask,proxies,'http')

但是我不知道它有多正确，因为我遇到了下一个错误：

336     def set_proxy(self, host, type):
--> 337         if self.type == 'https' and not self._tunnel_host:
    338             self._tunnel_host = self.host
    339         else:

AttributeError: 'NoneType' object has no attribute 'type'

Answer 1

您应该在 class Request 的实例上调用 set_proxy()，而不是 class 本身：

from urllib import request as urlrequest

proxy_host = 'localhost:1234'    # host and port of your proxy
url = 'http://www.httpbin.org/ip'

req = urlrequest.Request(url)
req.set_proxy(proxy_host, 'http')

response = urlrequest.urlopen(req)
print(response.read().decode('utf8'))

Answer 2

我需要在公司环境中禁用代理，因为我想访问本地主机上的服务器。我无法使用@mhawke 的方法禁用代理服务器（尝试将 {}、None 和 [] 作为代理传递）。

这对我有用（也可用于设置特定代理，请参阅代码中的注释）。

import urllib.request as request

# disable proxy by passing an empty
proxy_handler = request.ProxyHandler({})
# alertnatively you could set a proxy for http with
# proxy_handler = request.ProxyHandler({'http': 'http://www.example.com:3128/'})

opener = request.build_opener(proxy_handler)

url = 'http://www.example.org'

# open the website with the opener
req = opener.open(url)
data = req.read().decode('utf8')
print(data)

Answer 3

Urllib will automatically detect proxies 在环境中设置 - 因此可以在您的环境中设置 HTTP_PROXY 变量，例如Bash:

export HTTP_PROXY=http://proxy_url:proxy_port

或使用 Python 例如

import os
os.environ['HTTP_PROXY'] = 'http://proxy_url:proxy_port'

来自 urllib 文档的注释：“如果设置了变量 REQUEST_METHOD，HTTP_PROXY[环境变量] 将被忽略；请参阅 getproxies()”上的文档

Answer 4

import urllib.request
def set_http_proxy(proxy):
    if proxy == None: # Use system default setting
        proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler()
    elif proxy == '': # Don't use any proxy
        proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({})
    else: # Use proxy
        proxy_support = urllib.request.ProxyHandler({'http': '%s' % proxy, 'https': '%s' % proxy})
    opener = urllib.request.build_opener(proxy_support)
    urllib.request.install_opener(opener)

proxy = 'user:pass@ip:port'
set_http_proxy(proxy)

url  = 'https://www.httpbin.org/ip'
request = urllib.request.Request(url)
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
html = response.read()
html

将代理设置为 urllib.request (Python3)

Setting proxy to urllib.request (Python3)

python

proxy

urllib