Python Pandas 使用另一列删除子字符串

Python Pandas removing substring using another column

我试过四处搜索,但找不到一个简单的方法来做到这一点,所以我希望你的专业知识能有所帮助。

我有一个包含两列的 pandas 数据框

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

pd.options.display.width = 1000
testing = pd.DataFrame({'NAME':[
    'FIRST', np.nan, 'NAME2', 'NAME3', 
    'NAME4', 'NAME5', 'NAME6'], 'FULL_NAME':['FIRST LAST', np.nan, 'FIRST LAST', 'FIRST NAME3', 'FIRST NAME4 LAST', 'ANOTHER NAME', 'LAST NAME']})

这给了我

          FULL_NAME   NAME
0        FIRST LAST  FIRST
1               NaN    NaN
2        FIRST LAST  NAME2
3       FIRST NAME3  NAME3
4  FIRST NAME4 LAST  NAME4
5      ANOTHER NAME  NAME5
6         LAST NAME  NAME6

我想做的是从 'NAME' 列中获取值,然后从 'FULL NAME' 列中删除(如果存在)。所以函数会 return

          FULL_NAME   NAME           NEW
0        FIRST LAST  FIRST          LAST
1               NaN    NaN           NaN
2        FIRST LAST  NAME2    FIRST LAST
3       FIRST NAME3  NAME3         FIRST
4  FIRST NAME4 LAST  NAME4    FIRST LAST
5      ANOTHER NAME  NAME5  ANOTHER NAME
6         LAST NAME  NAME6     LAST NAME

到目前为止,我已经在下面定义了一个函数并且正在使用 apply 方法。不过,这在我的大型数据集上运行得相当慢,我希望有一种更有效的方法来做到这一点。谢谢!

def address_remove(x):
    try:
        newADDR1 = re.sub(x['NAME'], '', x[-1])
        newADDR1 = newADDR1.rstrip()
        newADDR1 = newADDR1.lstrip()
        return newADDR1
    except:
        return x[-1]

这是一个比您当前的解决方案快很多的解决方案,但我不相信不会有更快的解决方案

In [13]: import numpy as np
         import pandas as pd
         n = 1000
         testing  = pd.DataFrame({'NAME':[
         'FIRST', np.nan, 'NAME2', 'NAME3', 
         'NAME4', 'NAME5', 'NAME6']*n, 'FULL_NAME':['FIRST LAST', np.nan, 'FIRST  LAST', 'FIRST NAME3', 'FIRST NAME4 LAST', 'ANOTHER NAME', 'LAST NAME']*n})

这是一种很长的衬垫,但它应该可以满足您的需要

我能想到的禁食解决方案是使用 replace,如另一个答案中所述:

In [37]: %timeit testing ['NEW2'] = [e.replace(k, '') for e, k in zip(testing.FULL_NAME.astype('str'), testing.NAME.astype('str'))]
100 loops, best of 3: 4.67 ms per loop

原回答:

In [14]: %timeit testing ['NEW'] = [''.join(str(e).split(k)) for e, k in zip(testing.FULL_NAME.astype('str'), testing.NAME.astype('str'))]
100 loops, best of 3: 7.24 ms per loop

与您当前的解决方案相比:

In [16]: %timeit testing['NEW1'] = testing.apply(address_remove, axis=1)
10 loops, best of 3: 166 ms per loop

这些为您提供与当前解决方案相同的答案

我想你想使用字符串具有的 replace() 方法,它比使用正则表达式快几个数量级(我刚刚在 IPython 中快速检查):

%timeit mystr.replace("ello", "")
The slowest run took 7.64 times longer than the fastest. This could mean that an intermediate result is being cached 
1000000 loops, best of 3: 250 ns per loop

%timeit re.sub("ello","", "e")
The slowest run took 21.03 times longer than the fastest. This could mean that an intermediate result is being cached 
1000000 loops, best of 3: 4.7 µs per loop

如果之后需要进一步提高速度,您应该研究 numpy 的矢量化函数(但我认为使用替换而不是正则表达式的速度应该相当可观)。

您可以使用 replace 方法和 regex 参数,然后使用 str.strip:

In [605]: testing.FULL_NAME.replace(testing.NAME[testing.NAME.notnull()], '', regex = True).str.strip()
Out[605]: 
0            LAST
1             NaN
2      FIRST LAST
3           FIRST
4     FIRST  LAST
5    ANOTHER NAME
6       LAST NAME
Name: FULL_NAME, dtype: object

注意 您需要将 notnull 传递给 testing.NAME 因为没有它 NaN 值也将被替换为空字符串

Benchmarking 比最快的@johnchase 解决方案慢,但我认为它更具可读性并使用 DataFrames 和 Series 的所有 pandas 方法:

In [607]: %timeit testing['NEW'] = testing.FULL_NAME.replace(testing.NAME[testing.NAME.notnull()], '', regex = True).str.strip()
100 loops, best of 3: 4.56 ms per loop

In [661]: %timeit testing ['NEW'] = [e.replace(k, '') for e, k in zip(testing.FULL_NAME.astype('str'), testing.NAME.astype('str'))]
1000 loops, best of 3: 450 µs per loop