Java ArrayList 的递归合并排序

Question

我的合并排序函数一直有问题，因为我无法在将一系列整数或字符串输入程序时对其进行排序。我有一个外部 class 将项目调用到其中，但它根本不对 numbers/strings 进行排序。两种方法如下，不知道问题出在哪里。数字随机输入

代码：

/**
     * Takes in entire vector, but will merge the following sections together:
     * Left sublist from a[first]..a[mid], right sublist from a[mid+1]..a[last].
     * Precondition: each sublist is already in ascending order
     *
     * @param a
     *            reference to an array of integers to be sorted
     * @param first
     *            starting index of range of values to be sorted
     * @param mid
     *            midpoint index of range of values to be sorted
     * @param last
     *            last index of range of values to be sorted
     */
    private void merge(ArrayList<Comparable> a, int first, int mid, int last) {
        int x;
        int i;
        ArrayList<Comparable> left = new ArrayList<Comparable>();
        ArrayList<Comparable> right = new ArrayList<Comparable>();
        mergeSort(a,first,mid);
        for(i = 0; i < a.size() - mid; i++){
            left.add(i,a.get(i));
            a.remove(i);
        }
        mergeSort(a,mid,last);
        for (x = mid; x < a.size(); x++) {
            right.add(x,a.get(x));
            a.remove(x);
        }
        if ((left.get(i).compareTo(right.get(x))) > 0) {
            i++;
            a.add(i);
        } else if (i < x) {
            x++;
            a.add(x);
        }


        System.out.println();
        System.out.println("Merge");
        System.out.println();

    }

    /**
     * Recursive mergesort of an array of integers
     *
     * @param a
     *            reference to an array of integers to be sorted
     * @param first
     *            starting index of range of values to be sorted
     * @param last
     *            ending index of range of values to be sorted
     */
    public void mergeSort(ArrayList<Comparable> a, int first, int last) {

        int mid = (first + last)/2;
        if(first == last){

        }else if(last - first == 1){
            merge(a,first, mid ,last);              
        }else{
            last = mid;
        }


                }

Answer 1

I have an outside class that calls items into it, however it simply doesn't sort the numbers/strings. The two methods are below, I don't know where the problem is.

第一个问题是，如果您使用 first = 0 和 last = a.size() 调用 mergeSort 方法，您将不会对任何内容进行排序，因为如果 last-first == 1：

public void mergeSort(ArrayList<Comparable> a, int first, int last) {
    int mid = (first + last)/2;
    if(first == last){
    }else if(last - first == 1){
        // you only merge if last - first == 1...
        merge(a,first, mid ,last);              
    }else{
        last = mid;
    }
}

从这一点来看，我不明白你是如何尝试实现合并排序算法的。它既不是自上而下，也不是自下而上的实现。你在 merge 方法中分裂，这也很奇怪。如果您提供了伪代码 + 调用 public 方法的方式，那么帮助您会更容易。恕我直言，您的算法确实存在问题。

事实上归并排序算法实现起来非常简单。为了说明这一点，我使用 Deque 而不是 List 对象编写了 top down implementation of the merge sort algorithm：

import java.util.Deque;
import java.util.LinkedList;

public class Example {

    private LinkedList<Comparable> merge(final Deque<Comparable> left, final Deque<Comparable> right) {
        final LinkedList<Comparable> merged = new LinkedList<>();
        while (!left.isEmpty() && !right.isEmpty()) {
            if (left.peek().compareTo(right.peek()) <= 0) {
                merged.add(left.pop());
            } else {
                merged.add(right.pop());
            }
        }
        merged.addAll(left);
        merged.addAll(right);
        return merged;
    }

    public void mergeSort(final LinkedList<Comparable> input) {
        if (input.size() != 1) {
            final LinkedList<Comparable> left = new LinkedList<Comparable>();
            final LinkedList<Comparable> right = new LinkedList<Comparable>();
            // boolean used to decide if we put elements
            // in left or right LinkedList
            boolean logicalSwitch = true;
            while (!input.isEmpty()) {
                if (logicalSwitch) {
                    left.add(input.pop());
                } else {
                    right.add(input.pop());
                }
                logicalSwitch = !logicalSwitch;
            }
            mergeSort(left);
            mergeSort(right);
            input.addAll(merge(left, right));
        }
    }
}

我使用 Deque 因为 peek()/ pop() 比 get(0) 和 remove(0) 更漂亮恕我直言，但这取决于您。如果你绝对想使用 ArrayList 这里遵循相应的实现。

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class Example {

    private List<Comparable> merge(final List<Comparable> left, final List<Comparable> right) {
        final List<Comparable> merged = new ArrayList<>();
        while (!left.isEmpty() && !right.isEmpty()) {
            if (left.get(0).compareTo(right.get(0)) <= 0) {
                merged.add(left.remove(0));
            } else {
                merged.add(right.remove(0));
            }
        }
        merged.addAll(left);
        merged.addAll(right);
        return merged;
    }

    public void mergeSort(final List<Comparable> input) {
        if (input.size() != 1) {
            final List<Comparable> left = new ArrayList<Comparable>();
            final List<Comparable> right = new ArrayList<Comparable>();
            boolean logicalSwitch = true;
            while (!input.isEmpty()) {
                if (logicalSwitch) {
                    left.add(input.remove(0));
                } else {
                    right.add(input.remove(0));
                }
                logicalSwitch = !logicalSwitch;
            }
            mergeSort(left);
            mergeSort(right);
            input.addAll(merge(left, right));
        }
    }
}

这两种实现都适用于 Integer 和 String 或其他 Comparable。

希望对您有所帮助。

Answer 2

如果您想使用合并排序对数组进行排序，而不是自己实现排序算法，我建议使用标准 Java 排序算法，因为它为非基本类型实现了“Merge sort”算法。

Collections.sort();

如果您想实现自己的归并排序版本，那么您应该首先查看 this implementation。

如果您有兴趣更好地理解排序算法，我推荐 this book。

Answer 3

有几个问题，但一个重要的问题是您不应该在修改列表时迭代列表，即在：

for (i = 0; i < a.size() - mid; i++){
    left.add(i,a.get(i));
    a.remove(i);
}

因为一旦你删除了一个元素，其他元素的索引就不一样了...所以你添加了 a 的 left 个元素，这与你想的不一样。

工作代码如下（带有一些注释）：

 private static void merge(ArrayList<Comparable> a) {
    if (a.size()<=1) return; // small list don't need to be merged

    // SEPARATE

    int mid = a.size()/2; // estimate half the size

    ArrayList<Comparable> left = new ArrayList<Comparable>();
    ArrayList<Comparable> right = new ArrayList<Comparable>();

    for(int i = 0; i < mid; i++) left.add(a.remove(0)); // put first half part in left
    while (a.size()!=0) right.add(a.remove(0)); // put the remainings in right
    // Here a is now empty

    // MERGE PARTS INDEPENDANTLY

    merge(left);  // merge the left part
    merge(right); // merge the right part

    // MERGE PARTS

    // while there is something in the two lists
    while (left.size()!=0 && right.size()!=0) {
      // compare both heads, add the lesser into the result and remove it from its list
      if (left.get(0).compareTo(right.get(0))<0) a.add(left.remove(0));
      else                                       a.add(right.remove(0));
    }

    // fill the result with what remains in left OR right (both can't contains elements)
    while(left.size()!=0)  a.add(left.remove(0));
    while(right.size()!=0) a.add(right.remove(0));
  }

已经在一些输入上进行了测试...示例：

[4, 7, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 15, 14, 13, 12, 11]
[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]

为了提高效率，您可以使用 subList 方法来避免显式构建太多子列表，它需要注意索引。

Answer 4

有关 Kraal 实现的警告已打勾。这是一个很好的实现，但是 Kraal 的合并排序不会保留具有相同值的项目的相对顺序，在某些情况下，例如在对对象进行排序时，这是合并排序具有其他排序算法（如快速排序）的重要优势，没有。我修改了 Kraal 的代码以保留相对顺序。

private static List<Object> merge(final List<Object> left, final List<Object> right) {
            printArr("left", left);
            printArr("Right", right);
            final List<Object> merged = new ArrayList<>();
            while (!left.isEmpty() && !right.isEmpty()) {
                if(left.get(0).getValue()-right.get(0).getValue() <= 0){
                    merged.add(left.remove(0));
                } else {
                    merged.add(right.remove(0));
                }
            }
            merged.addAll(left);
            merged.addAll(right);
            return merged;
     }

 public static void mergeSort(final List<Object> input) {
     if (input.size() > 1) {
         final List<Object> left = new ArrayList<Object>();
         final List<Object> right = new ArrayList<Object>();
         boolean logicalSwitch = true;

         while (!input.isEmpty()) {
             if (logicalSwitch) {
                 left.add(input.remove(0));
             } else {
                 right.add(input.remove(input.size()/2));
             }
             logicalSwitch = !logicalSwitch;
         }
         mergeSort(left);
         mergeSort(right);
         input.addAll(merge(left, right));
     }
 }

Answer 5

public class MergeSort{
    public void sort(List<Integer> list){
        sortAndMerge(list, 0, list.size()-1);
    }

    public void sortAndMerge(List<Integer> list, int start, int end){
        if((end - start) >= 2){
            int mid = (end - start)/2;
            sortAndMerge(list, start, start + mid);
            sortAndMerge(list, start + mid +1, end);

            int i=start;
            int j=start + mid +1;
            while(i<j && j<=end){
                if(list.get(i) > list.get(j)){
                    list.add(i, list.remove(j));
                    i++;
                    j++;
                }else if(list.get(i) == list.get(j)){
                    list.add(i+1, list.remove(j));
                    i++;
                    j++;
                }else{
                    i++;
                }
            }  

        }else{
            if(end > start){
                if(list.get(start) > list.get(end)){
                    int endValue = list.remove(end);
                    list.add(start, endValue);
                }                
            }
        }
    }

Java ArrayList 的递归合并排序

Java Recursive MergeSort for ArrayLists

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arraylist

methods

mergesort