每次创建对象时 hashCode 都会改变

Question

关于 hashCode，我有些不解。我知道如果我重写等于，那么我也必须重写 hashCode。我也知道如果两个对象是相等，则两个对象的hashCode一定相等。如果在 equals 方法中检查的字段没有改变，那么 hashCode 应该不会改变，对吧？

如果是这样，那么我不明白为什么每次创建下面对象的实例时，我都会得到不同的 hashCode:

public class Effect {

    private long timestamp;
    private int damage;
    private SquareType squareType;

    public Effect(long timestamp, int damage, SquareType squareType) {
        this.timestamp = timestamp;
        this.damage = damage;
        this.squareType = squareType;
    }

    public long getTimestamp() {
        return timestamp;
    }

    public int getDamage() {
        return damage;
    }

    public SquareType getSquareType() {
        return squareType;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;

        Effect effect = (Effect) o;

        if (getDamage() != effect.getDamage()) return false;
        return getSquareType() == effect.getSquareType();
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int result = getDamage();
        result = 31 * result + (getSquareType() != null ? getSquareType().hashCode() : 0);
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        String ret = "Effect hashcode: " + hashCode();
        return ret;
    }
}

在代码中，我随着时间的推移不断创建这种对象。每次更改的唯一字段是 "timestamp"，但其他两个字段不会更改（除非有特定事件）。发生的情况是 hashCode 值总是不同的，即使 "damage" 和 "SquareType" 相同。我没有在我的 equals 和 hashCode 中使用 "timestamp"，所以我不明白为什么我会出现这种行为。

更新

这是 SquareType：

public enum SquareType {
    FIRE, WIND, WATER, EARTH
}

更新 2

例如，如果我创建了 10 个 Effect 实例，我将遍历它们并且我打印它们（toString() returns hashCode 值）我得到 10 个不同的值。

如果 Effect 的两个实例具有相同的 "damage" 和 "SquareType" 那么它们必须相等并且具有相同的 hashCode。

更新 3

效果是这样创建的：

@Override
public void friendlyFire(BaseBullet bullet, BaseSquare square) {
    square.notifyFriendlyFire(new Effect(TimeUtils.millis(),
            square.getDamage(), square.getSquareType()), new MyKey(square.getUniqueID()));
}

唯一改变的 Effect 字段是时间戳，我不在 equals 和 hashCode 中使用它。

public void notifyFriendlyFire(Effect newEffect, MyKey key) {
    // System.out.println("The map contains the key? " + effectMap.containsKey(key));
    if(effectMap.containsKey(key)) {
        Effect oldEffect = effectMap.get(key);
        System.out.println(newEffect);
        if(!oldEffect.equals(newEffect)) {
            System.out.println("old effect changed!");
            // remove the old effect
            removeEffect(oldEffect);
            // update the map with the new effect
            effectMap.put(key, newEffect); // 
            // apply the new effect
            applyEffect(newEffect);
        }
    }
    else {
        // new effect
        effectMap.put(key, newEffect);
        applyEffect(newEffect);
    }
}

检查 "if(!oldEffect.equals(newEffect))" 始终为真，即使损坏和类型相同。

更新 4

我找到了这个错误。伤害不断增加。现在我只是想弄清楚为什么...

Answer 1

这是我对您的实施的近似尝试：

package cruft;

import java.util.Date;

/**
 * Equals and hashCode test
 * Creation date 1/16/2016.
 * @link 
 */
public class OverrideDemo {

    private long timestamp;
    private int damage;
    private SquareType squareType;


    public OverrideDemo(int damage, SquareType squareType) {
        this(damage, squareType, new Date().getTime());
    }

    public OverrideDemo(int damage, SquareType squareType, long timestamp) {
        if (squareType == null) throw new IllegalArgumentException("square type cannot be null");
        this.timestamp = timestamp;
        this.damage = damage;
        this.squareType = squareType;
    }

    public long getTimestamp() {
        return timestamp;
    }

    public int getDamage() {
        return damage;
    }

    public SquareType getSquareType() {
        return squareType;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) { return true; }
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) { return false; }

        OverrideDemo that = (OverrideDemo) o;

        if (damage != that.damage) { return false; }
        return squareType == that.squareType;

    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        int result = damage;
        result = 31 * result + squareType.hashCode();
        return result;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "OverrideDemo{" +
                "timestamp=" + timestamp +
                ", damage=" + damage +
                ", squareType=" + squareType +
                '}';
    }
}

enum SquareType { FIRE, WIND, WATER, EARTH }

这是一个 Junit 测试，显示了这些方法的行为方式。所有测试通过；我认为这个实现是正确的。

package cruft;

import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;

/**
 * Junit test demonstrates testing equals and hashcode contract
 * Created by Michael
 * Creation date 1/16/2016.
 * @link 
 */
public class OverrideDemoTest {

    @Test
    public void testEquals_Null() {
        OverrideDemo x = new OverrideDemo(5, SquareType.EARTH);
        Assert.assertFalse(x.equals(null));
    }

    @Test
    public void testEquals_Reflexive() {
        OverrideDemo x = new OverrideDemo(5, SquareType.EARTH);
        Assert.assertTrue(x.equals(x));
    }

    @Test
    public void testEquals_Symmetric() {
        OverrideDemo x = new OverrideDemo(5, SquareType.EARTH);
        OverrideDemo y = new OverrideDemo(5, SquareType.EARTH);
        Assert.assertTrue(x.equals(y));
        Assert.assertTrue(y.equals(x));
        Assert.assertTrue(x.hashCode() == y.hashCode());
    }

    @Test
    public void testEquals_Transitive() {
        OverrideDemo x = new OverrideDemo(5, SquareType.EARTH);
        OverrideDemo y = new OverrideDemo(5, SquareType.EARTH);
        OverrideDemo z = new OverrideDemo(5, SquareType.EARTH);
        Assert.assertTrue(x.equals(y));
        Assert.assertTrue(y.equals(z));
        Assert.assertTrue(z.equals(x));
        Assert.assertTrue(x.hashCode() == y.hashCode());
        Assert.assertTrue(y.hashCode() == z.hashCode());
        Assert.assertTrue(z.hashCode() == x.hashCode());
    }

    @Test
    public void testEquals_DifferentDamage_NotEqual() {
        OverrideDemo x = new OverrideDemo(5, SquareType.EARTH);
        OverrideDemo y = new OverrideDemo(10, SquareType.EARTH);
        Assert.assertFalse(x.equals(y));
        Assert.assertFalse(y.equals(x));
        Assert.assertFalse(x.hashCode() == y.hashCode());
    }

    @Test
    public void testEquals_DifferentSquareType_NotEqual() {
        OverrideDemo x = new OverrideDemo(10, SquareType.EARTH);
        OverrideDemo y = new OverrideDemo(10, SquareType.FIRE);
        Assert.assertFalse(x.equals(y));
        Assert.assertFalse(y.equals(x));
        Assert.assertFalse(x.hashCode() == y.hashCode());
    }
}

每次创建对象时 hashCode 都会改变

hashCode changes each time the object is created

java

hashcode