HTTPS URL 的基本代理身份验证 returns HTTP/1.0 407 需要代理身份验证

Basic proxy authentication for HTTPS URLs returns HTTP/1.0 407 Proxy Authentication Required

我想在 Java 中使用具有基本身份验证(用户名、密码)的代理进行连接(并且仅此连接)。以下代码适用于 HTTP URLs(例如“http://www.google.com”):

URL url = new URL("http://www.google.com");
HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = null;
InetSocketAddress proxyLocation = new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort);
Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Proxy.Type.HTTP, proxyLocation);
httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
// Works for HTTP only! Doesn't work for HTTPS!
String encoded = new sun.misc.BASE64Encoder().encodeBuffer((proxyUserName + ":" + proxyPassword).getBytes()).replace("\r\n", "");
httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Proxy-Authorization", "Basic " + encoded);
InputStream is = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is); 
int data = isr.read();
while(data != -1){
  char c = (char) data;
  data = isr.read();
  System.out.print(c);
}
isr.close();

该代码不适用于 HTTPS URLs(例如“https://www.google.com”),但是!当我尝试访问 HTTPS URL.

时,我得到 java.io.IOException: Unable to tunnel through proxy. Proxy returns "HTTP/1.0 407 Proxy Authentication Required"

此代码适用于 HTTP 和 HTTPS:

URL url = new URL("https://www.google.com");
HttpURLConnection httpURLConnection = null;
InetSocketAddress proxyLocation = new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort);
Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Proxy.Type.HTTP, proxyLocation);
httpURLConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection(proxy);
// Works for HTTP and HTTPS, but sets a global default!
Authenticator.setDefault(new Authenticator() {
  protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
    return new PasswordAuthentication(proxyUserName, proxyPassword.toCharArray());
  }
});
InputStream is = httpURLConnection.getInputStream();
InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is); 
int data = isr.read();
while(data != -1){
  char c = (char) data;
  data = isr.read();
  System.out.print(c);
}
isr.close();

第二个代码的问题是它设置了一个新的默认值 Authenticator 我不想这样做,因为这个代理只被应用程序的一部分和应用程序的不同部分使用该应用程序可能正在使用不同的代理。我不想为整个应用程序设置全局默认值。有没有一种方法可以让第一个代码与 HTTPS 一起使用,或者有一种方法可以使用 Authenticator 而无需将其设置为默认值?

我必须使用 java.net.HttpURLConnection,因为我正在重写 class 的方法,它必须 return 和 HttpURLConnection,所以我不能使用Apache HttpClient.

可以使用 HttpsUrlConnection 吗?它扩展了 HttpUrlConnection,因此从 class.

返回时转换为 HttpUrlConnection 可能没问题

代码类似,使用名称中带有 https 的 HttpUrlConnection 代替。

使用以下代码:

if (testUrlHttps.getProtocol().toLowerCase().equals("https")) {
   trustAllHosts();
   HttpsURLConnection https = (HttpsURLConnection) url.openConnection();
   https.setHostnameVerifier(DO_NOT_VERYFY);
   urlCon = https;
} else {
   urlCon = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
}

来源:

[1] https://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/javax/net/ssl/HttpsURLConnection.html

[2] (片段)

不幸的是,对于您要实现的目标,没有简单的解决方案。您的第一个代码不适用于 HTTPS,因为您直接设置身份验证 header。由于客户端对所有数据进行了加密,代理服务器无法从请求中提取任何信息。

事实上,HTTPS 和代理服务器的工作方式是相反的。代理服务器希望看到在客户端和最终服务器之间流动的所有数据,并根据它看到的内容采取行动。另一方面,HTTPS 协议对所有数据进行加密,以便在数据到达最终目的地之前没有人可以看到数据。加密算法是在客户端和最终目的地之间协商的,因此代理服务器无法解密任何信息,实际上它甚至不知道客户端使用的是哪种协议。

要在 HTTPS 连接上使用代理服务器,客户端必须建立隧道。为此,它必须直接向代理发出 CONNECT 命令,例如:

CONNECT www.google.com:443 HTTP/1.0

并发送凭据以通过代理服务器进行身份验证。

如果连接成功,客户端可以通过连接发送和接收数据。代理服务器对数据完全视而不见。数据仅在客户端和服务器之间通过它。

当您在 HTTP URL 上执行 url.openConnection(proxy) 时,它 returns 是 HttpURLConnection 的一个实例,当 运行 在 HTTPS URL 上执行时就像在您的第二个代码中一样,它会返回 HttpsURLConnection.

的实例

您收到 407 错误代码,因为代理服务器无法从您发送的 header 中提取身份验证信息。查看异常堆栈,我们可以看到在 sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection.doTunneling() 处抛出异常,它发出 CONNECT 命令以通过代理建立 HTTPS 隧道。在sun.net.www.protocol.http.HttpURLConnection的源代码中我们可以看到:

/* We only have a single static authenticator for now.
 * REMIND:  backwards compatibility with JDK 1.1.  Should be
 * eliminated for JDK 2.0.
 */
private static HttpAuthenticator defaultAuth;

看来默认验证器是提供代理凭据的唯一方式。

要执行您想要的操作,您必须深入到连接级别并自己处理 HTTP 协议,因为您必须与代理服务器通信,而不是直接与 Google 服务器通信。

好的,这就是你需要做的,

public class ProxyAuth extends Authenticator {
    private PasswordAuthentication auth;

    ProxyAuth(String user, String password) {
        auth = new PasswordAuthentication(user, password == null ? new char[]{} : password.toCharArray());
    }

    protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
        return auth;
    }
}

.

public class ProxySetup {
    public HttpURLConnection proxySetup(String urlInput)
    {
        URL url;
        try {
            url = new URL(urlInput);

            Proxy proxy = new Proxy(Proxy.Type.HTTP, new InetSocketAddress("10.66.182.100", 80)); // or whatever your proxy is
            HttpURLConnection uc = (HttpURLConnection)url.openConnection(proxy);
            System.setProperty("https.proxyHost", "10.66.182.100");
            System.setProperty("https.proxyPort", "80");
            System.setProperty("http.proxyHost", "10.66.182.100");
            System.setProperty("http.proxyPort", "80");
            String encoded = new String(Base64.encodeBase64(("domain\Username" + ":" + "Password").getBytes()));

            uc.setRequestProperty("Proxy-Authorization", "Basic " + encoded);
            Authenticator.setDefault(new ProxyAuth("domain\Username", "Password"));

            System.out.println("ProxySetup : proxySetup");
            return uc;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            System.out.println("ProxySetup : proxySetup - Failed");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

喜欢就用。

HttpURLConnection conn = new ProxySetup().proxySetup(URL)

您可以扩展 ProxiedHttpsConnection 并自己处理所有底层相关的东西。

需要完成以下步骤才能通过 HTTP 代理连接到 https 网站:

注意:与代理和http服务器的通信应该在ASCII7.

  1. 发送CONNECT whosebug.com:443 HTTP/1.0\r\n到代理
  2. 发送您的身份验证:Proxy-Authorization: Basic c2F5WW91SGF2ZVNlZW5UaGlzSW5UaGVDb21tZW50cw==\r\n
  3. 结束第一个请求:\r\n
  4. 读取代理的响应,直到看到组合“\r\n\r\n”。
  5. 解析您从代理获得的响应的第一行并检查它是否以 HTTP/1.0 200.
  6. 开头
  7. 在现有连接上启动 SSL session。
  8. 发送 http 请求的开头:GET /questions/3304006/persistent-httpurlconnection-in-java HTTP/1.0\r\n
  9. 设置正确的主机header:Host: whosebug.com\r\n
  10. 结束对http服务器的请求:\r\n
  11. 读到 \r\n 并将第一行解析为状态消息
  12. 读取请求流的末尾body

当我们想要实现 HttpUrlConnection class 时,我们还需要考虑一些事情:

  • 在构建 class 时,class 应该为将来的连接存储数据,但不能直接创建
  • 任何方法都可以按任何顺序调用
  • OutputStream的关闭意味着数据传输完成,而不是连接必须完成
  • 每个 api 使用不同顺序的方法
  • HTTP header 不区分大小写,java 映射区分大小写。

快说吧,就是坑多

在我设计的class中,它使用boolean flags来记住是否调用了connect方法和afterPostClosure方法,它也支持if getInputStream()OutputStream 关闭之前被调用。

此 class 还对套接字返回的流使用尽可能少的包装,以防止变得非常复杂。

public class ProxiedHttpsConnection extends HttpURLConnection {

    private final String proxyHost;
    private final int proxyPort;
    private static final byte[] NEWLINE = "\r\n".getBytes();//should be "ASCII7"

    private Socket socket;
    private final Map<String, List<String>> headers = new TreeMap<>(String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
    private final Map<String, List<String>> sendheaders = new TreeMap<>(String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
    private final Map<String, List<String>> proxyheaders = new TreeMap<>(String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
    private final Map<String, List<String>> proxyreturnheaders = new TreeMap<>(String.CASE_INSENSITIVE_ORDER);
    private int statusCode;
    private String statusLine;
    private boolean isDoneWriting;

    public ProxiedHttpsConnection(URL url,
            String proxyHost, int proxyPort, String username, String password)
            throws IOException {
        super(url);
        socket = new Socket();
        this.proxyHost = proxyHost;
        this.proxyPort = proxyPort;
        String encoded = Base64.encode((username + ":" + password).getBytes())
                .replace("\r\n", "");
        proxyheaders.put("Proxy-Authorization", new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList("Basic " + encoded)));
    }

    @Override
    public OutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException {
        connect();
        afterWrite();
        return new FilterOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream()) {
            @Override
            public void write(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
                out.write(String.valueOf(len).getBytes());
                out.write(NEWLINE);
                out.write(b, off, len);
                out.write(NEWLINE);
            }

            @Override
            public void write(byte[] b) throws IOException {
                out.write(String.valueOf(b.length).getBytes());
                out.write(NEWLINE);
                out.write(b);
                out.write(NEWLINE);
            }

            @Override
            public void write(int b) throws IOException {
                out.write(String.valueOf(1).getBytes());
                out.write(NEWLINE);
                out.write(b);
                out.write(NEWLINE);
            }

            @Override
            public void close() throws IOException {
                afterWrite();
            }

        };
    }

    private boolean afterwritten = false;

    @Override
    public InputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
        connect();
        return socket.getInputStream();

    }

    @Override
    public void setRequestMethod(String method) throws ProtocolException {
        this.method = method;
    }

    @Override
    public void setRequestProperty(String key, String value) {
        sendheaders.put(key, new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(value)));
    }

    @Override
    public void addRequestProperty(String key, String value) {
        sendheaders.computeIfAbsent(key, l -> new ArrayList<>()).add(value);
    }

    @Override
    public Map<String, List<String>> getHeaderFields() {
        return headers;
    }

    @Override
    public void connect() throws IOException {
        if (connected) {
            return;
        }
        connected = true;
        socket.setSoTimeout(getReadTimeout());
        socket.connect(new InetSocketAddress(proxyHost, proxyPort), getConnectTimeout());
        StringBuilder msg = new StringBuilder();
        msg.append("CONNECT ");
        msg.append(url.getHost());
        msg.append(':');
        msg.append(url.getPort() == -1 ? 443 : url.getPort());
        msg.append(" HTTP/1.0\r\n");
        for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> header : proxyheaders.entrySet()) {
            for (String l : header.getValue()) {
                msg.append(header.getKey()).append(": ").append(l);
                msg.append("\r\n");
            }
        }

        msg.append("Connection: close\r\n");
        msg.append("\r\n");
        byte[] bytes;
        try {
            bytes = msg.toString().getBytes("ASCII7");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ignored) {
            bytes = msg.toString().getBytes();
        }
        socket.getOutputStream().write(bytes);
        socket.getOutputStream().flush();
        byte reply[] = new byte[200];
        byte header[] = new byte[200];
        int replyLen = 0;
        int headerLen = 0;
        int newlinesSeen = 0;
        boolean headerDone = false;
        /* Done on first newline */
        InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
        while (newlinesSeen < 2) {
            int i = in.read();
            if (i < 0) {
                throw new IOException("Unexpected EOF from remote server");
            }
            if (i == '\n') {
                if (newlinesSeen != 0) {
                    String h = new String(header, 0, headerLen);
                    String[] split = h.split(": ");
                    if (split.length != 1) {
                        proxyreturnheaders.computeIfAbsent(split[0], l -> new ArrayList<>()).add(split[1]);
                    }
                }
                headerDone = true;
                ++newlinesSeen;
                headerLen = 0;
            } else if (i != '\r') {
                newlinesSeen = 0;
                if (!headerDone && replyLen < reply.length) {
                    reply[replyLen++] = (byte) i;
                } else if (headerLen < reply.length) {
                    header[headerLen++] = (byte) i;
                }
            }
        }

        String replyStr;
        try {
            replyStr = new String(reply, 0, replyLen, "ASCII7");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ignored) {
            replyStr = new String(reply, 0, replyLen);
        }

        // Some proxies return http/1.1, some http/1.0 even we asked for 1.0
        if (!replyStr.startsWith("HTTP/1.0 200") && !replyStr.startsWith("HTTP/1.1 200")) {
            throw new IOException("Unable to tunnel. Proxy returns \"" + replyStr + "\"");
        }
        SSLSocket s = (SSLSocket) ((SSLSocketFactory) SSLSocketFactory.getDefault())
                .createSocket(socket, url.getHost(), url.getPort(), true);
        s.startHandshake();
        socket = s;
        msg.setLength(0);
        msg.append(method);
        msg.append(" ");
        msg.append(url.toExternalForm().split(String.valueOf(url.getPort()), -2)[1]);
        msg.append(" HTTP/1.0\r\n");
        for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> h : sendheaders.entrySet()) {
            for (String l : h.getValue()) {
                msg.append(h.getKey()).append(": ").append(l);
                msg.append("\r\n");
            }
        }
        if (method.equals("POST") || method.equals("PUT")) {
            msg.append("Transfer-Encoding: Chunked\r\n");
        }
        msg.append("Host: ").append(url.getHost()).append("\r\n");
        msg.append("Connection: close\r\n");
        msg.append("\r\n");
        try {
            bytes = msg.toString().getBytes("ASCII7");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ignored) {
            bytes = msg.toString().getBytes();
        }
        socket.getOutputStream().write(bytes);
        socket.getOutputStream().flush();
    }

    private void afterWrite() throws IOException {
        if (afterwritten) {
            return;
        }
        afterwritten = true;
        socket.getOutputStream().write(String.valueOf(0).getBytes());
        socket.getOutputStream().write(NEWLINE);
        socket.getOutputStream().write(NEWLINE);
        byte reply[] = new byte[200];
        byte header[] = new byte[200];
        int replyLen = 0;
        int headerLen = 0;
        int newlinesSeen = 0;
        boolean headerDone = false;
        /* Done on first newline */
        InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
        while (newlinesSeen < 2) {
            int i = in.read();
            if (i < 0) {
                throw new IOException("Unexpected EOF from remote server");
            }
            if (i == '\n') {
                if (headerDone) {
                    String h = new String(header, 0, headerLen);
                    String[] split = h.split(": ");
                    if (split.length != 1) {
                        headers.computeIfAbsent(split[0], l -> new ArrayList<>()).add(split[1]);
                    }
                }
                headerDone = true;
                ++newlinesSeen;
                headerLen = 0;
            } else if (i != '\r') {
                newlinesSeen = 0;
                if (!headerDone && replyLen < reply.length) {
                    reply[replyLen++] = (byte) i;
                } else if (headerLen < header.length) {
                    header[headerLen++] = (byte) i;
                }
            }
        }

        String replyStr;
        try {
            replyStr = new String(reply, 0, replyLen, "ASCII7");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException ignored) {
            replyStr = new String(reply, 0, replyLen);
        }

        /* We asked for HTTP/1.0, so we should get that back */
        if ((!replyStr.startsWith("HTTP/1.0 200")) && !replyStr.startsWith("HTTP/1.1 200")) {
            throw new IOException("Server returns \"" + replyStr + "\"");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void disconnect() {
        try {
            socket.close();
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            Logger.getLogger(ProxiedHttpsConnection.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public boolean usingProxy() {
        return true;
    }
}

以上代码的当前错误:

  • 在 post
  • 期间不会因错误而关闭流
  • 在与代理的初始联系出错期间不会关闭流
  • 它不支持 http 重定向
  • 它不支持 chunked 和 gzip 编码之类的 http 1.1,但这没问题,因为我们宣布自己是 http1.0 客户端。

以上代码可以这样使用:

    ProxiedHttpsConnection n = new ProxiedHttpsConnection(
            new URL("https://whosebug.com:443/questions/3304006/persistent-httpurlconnection-in-java"), 
            "proxy.example.com", 8080, "root", "flg83yvem#");
    n.setRequestMethod("GET");
    n.addRequestProperty("User-Agent", "Java test https://whosebug.com/users/1542723/ferrybig");
    //try (OutputStream out = n.getOutputStream()) {
    //  out.write("Hello?".getBytes());
    //}
    try (InputStream in = n.getInputStream()) {
        byte[] buff = new byte[1024];
        int length;
        while ((length = in.read(buff)) >= 0) {
            System.out.write(buff, 0, length);
        }
    }

如果你打算将它与一种代理选择器一起使用,你应该检查 url 的协议,看看它是 http 还是 https,如果是 http,不要使用这个 class,而是手动附加 header,例如:

httpURLConnection.setRequestProperty("Proxy-Authorization", "Basic " + encoded);

为什么不使用 httpsUrlConnection.setSSLSocketFactory

虽然 java 有这个方法,尝试使用它会告诉你为什么它不起作用,java 只是用一个已经打开的连接继续调用 createSocket(Socket s, String host, int port, boolean autoClose),使手动做代理是不可能的。