在 Moose::Role 中为 MooseX::ClassAttribute 编写构建器
Writing a builder for a MooseX::ClassAttribute in a Moose::Role
我想定义一个具有 Class 属性和构建器的角色。无论我尝试过什么，这都失败了。我找到了两个解决方法：
- 不使用 class 属性，而是使用普通属性。在我的情况下这是有问题的，因为我想在我的真实代码中修改属性（对于所有实例）。
- 将生成器放入 class（而不是放入角色）。这也是有问题的，因为这意味着修改所有使用此角色的 classes。
这是一个最小的例子：
package MyRole;
use Moose::Role;
use MooseX::ClassAttribute;
sub _build_value {
return "in MyRole";
}
class_has 'value' => (
is => 'ro',
isa => 'Str',
builder => '_build_value',
);
1;
package Appli;
use Moose;
with 'MyRole';
1;
package main;
my $e=Appli->new();
print $e->value, "\n";
结果：
$ perl ./test.pl
Appli does not support builder method '_build_value' for attribute 'value' at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Attribute.pm line 81.
Class::MOP::Class:::around(CODE(0x13d6c78), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460), "Appli") called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 164
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11::_wrapped__call_builder(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460), "Appli") called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 95
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11::_call_builder(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460), "Appli") called at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Attribute.pm line 54
MooseX::ClassAttribute::Trait::Attribute::_initialize(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Attribute.pm line 32
Class::MOP::Class:::after(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 57
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11::_wrapped_attach_to_class(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 95
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11::attach_to_class(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Class.pm line 66
MooseX::ClassAttribute::Trait::Class::_attach_class_attribute(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460)) called at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Mixin/HasClassAttributes.pm line 40
MooseX::ClassAttribute::Trait::Mixin::HasClassAttributes::add_class_attribute(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460)) called at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Class.pm line 41
Class::MOP::Class:::around(CODE(0x17fae38), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 164
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10::_wrapped_add_class_attribute(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 95
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10::add_class_attribute(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460)) called at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Application/ToClass.pm line 44
MooseX::ClassAttribute::Trait::Application::ToClass::_apply_class_attributes(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Application.pm line 13
Class::MOP::Class:::after(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 57
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8::_wrapped_apply_attributes(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 95
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8::apply_attributes(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Moose/Meta/Role/Application.pm line 59
Moose::Meta::Role::Application::apply(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Moose/Meta/Role/Application/ToClass.pm line 31
Moose::Meta::Role::Application::ToClass::apply(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Application/ToClass.pm line 27
Class::MOP::Class:::around(CODE(0x14ae360), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class=HASH(0x175d658), HASH(0x1a22b28)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 164
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8::_wrapped_apply(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class=HASH(0x175d658), HASH(0x1a22b28)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 95
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8::apply(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class=HASH(0x175d658), HASH(0x1a22b28)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Moose/Meta/Role.pm line 472
Moose::Meta::Role::apply(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class=HASH(0x175d658)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Moose/Util.pm line 172
Moose::Util::_apply_all_roles(Moose::Meta::Class=HASH(0x175d658), undef, "MyRole") called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Moose/Util.pm line 114
Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(Moose::Meta::Class=HASH(0x175d658), "MyRole") called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Moose.pm line 59
Moose::with(Moose::Meta::Class=HASH(0x175d658), "MyRole") called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Moose/Exporter.pm line 419
Moose::with("MyRole") called at ./test.pl line 20
更新： 我通过添加 'lazy => 1' 解决了这个问题。然后它完美地工作。如果没有 'lazy'，构建器可能会在角色完全导入之前被调用。
您在此上下文中使用 lazy 与其说是解决方法，不如说是正确的解决方案。 MooseX::ClassAttribute 实现为 Moose::Role。在 MyRole 完全组成 Appli 之前，Perl 调用 class_has，它试图调用 _build_value 作为 Appli class 的方法。由于该方法尚未组成 Appli，因此 MooseX::ClassAttribute 因上述错误而终止。使用 lazy 延迟 _build_value 的评估，直到 MyRole 完全组成 Appli.
我想定义一个具有 Class 属性和构建器的角色。无论我尝试过什么，这都失败了。我找到了两个解决方法：
- 不使用 class 属性，而是使用普通属性。在我的情况下这是有问题的，因为我想在我的真实代码中修改属性（对于所有实例）。
- 将生成器放入 class（而不是放入角色）。这也是有问题的，因为这意味着修改所有使用此角色的 classes。
这是一个最小的例子：
package MyRole;
use Moose::Role;
use MooseX::ClassAttribute;
sub _build_value {
return "in MyRole";
}
class_has 'value' => (
is => 'ro',
isa => 'Str',
builder => '_build_value',
);
1;
package Appli;
use Moose;
with 'MyRole';
1;
package main;
my $e=Appli->new();
print $e->value, "\n";
结果：
$ perl ./test.pl
Appli does not support builder method '_build_value' for attribute 'value' at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Attribute.pm line 81.
Class::MOP::Class:::around(CODE(0x13d6c78), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460), "Appli") called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 164
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11::_wrapped__call_builder(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460), "Appli") called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 95
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11::_call_builder(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460), "Appli") called at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Attribute.pm line 54
MooseX::ClassAttribute::Trait::Attribute::_initialize(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Attribute.pm line 32
Class::MOP::Class:::after(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 57
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11::_wrapped_attach_to_class(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 95
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11::attach_to_class(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Class.pm line 66
MooseX::ClassAttribute::Trait::Class::_attach_class_attribute(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460)) called at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Mixin/HasClassAttributes.pm line 40
MooseX::ClassAttribute::Trait::Mixin::HasClassAttributes::add_class_attribute(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460)) called at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Class.pm line 41
Class::MOP::Class:::around(CODE(0x17fae38), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 164
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10::_wrapped_add_class_attribute(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 95
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10::add_class_attribute(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::11=HASH(0x1982460)) called at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Application/ToClass.pm line 44
MooseX::ClassAttribute::Trait::Application::ToClass::_apply_class_attributes(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Application.pm line 13
Class::MOP::Class:::after(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 57
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8::_wrapped_apply_attributes(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 95
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8::apply_attributes(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Moose/Meta/Role/Application.pm line 59
Moose::Meta::Role::Application::apply(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Moose/Meta/Role/Application/ToClass.pm line 31
Moose::Meta::Role::Application::ToClass::apply(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::10=HASH(0x19683d0)) called at /usr/share/perl5/MooseX/ClassAttribute/Trait/Application/ToClass.pm line 27
Class::MOP::Class:::around(CODE(0x14ae360), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class=HASH(0x175d658), HASH(0x1a22b28)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 164
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8::_wrapped_apply(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class=HASH(0x175d658), HASH(0x1a22b28)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Class/MOP/Method/Wrapped.pm line 95
Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8::apply(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::8=HASH(0x1a29940), Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class=HASH(0x175d658), HASH(0x1a22b28)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Moose/Meta/Role.pm line 472
Moose::Meta::Role::apply(Moose::Meta::Class::__ANON__::SERIAL::1=HASH(0x1a27298), Moose::Meta::Class=HASH(0x175d658)) called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Moose/Util.pm line 172
Moose::Util::_apply_all_roles(Moose::Meta::Class=HASH(0x175d658), undef, "MyRole") called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Moose/Util.pm line 114
Moose::Util::apply_all_roles(Moose::Meta::Class=HASH(0x175d658), "MyRole") called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Moose.pm line 59
Moose::with(Moose::Meta::Class=HASH(0x175d658), "MyRole") called at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.22/Moose/Exporter.pm line 419
Moose::with("MyRole") called at ./test.pl line 20
更新： 我通过添加 'lazy => 1' 解决了这个问题。然后它完美地工作。如果没有 'lazy'，构建器可能会在角色完全导入之前被调用。
您在此上下文中使用 lazy 与其说是解决方法，不如说是正确的解决方案。 MooseX::ClassAttribute 实现为 Moose::Role。在 MyRole 完全组成 Appli 之前，Perl 调用 class_has，它试图调用 _build_value 作为 Appli class 的方法。由于该方法尚未组成 Appli，因此 MooseX::ClassAttribute 因上述错误而终止。使用 lazy 延迟 _build_value 的评估，直到 MyRole 完全组成 Appli.