关于 pythonanywhere 的 Django 教程：麻烦 运行 django-admin shell
Django tutorial on pythonanywhere: trouble running the django-admin shell
(Django version 1.9, Python version 3.4.3, using virtual env made with mkvirtualenv --python=/usr/bin/python3.4 django19)
我一直在密切关注 Django 教程，在第 5 部分之前没有任何问题：
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/intro/tutorial05/
尽管严格来说，问题与第 5 部分无关，但请耐心等待。我正在按照 pythonanywhere 框架中的教程进行操作，因为最终我想在那里托管一个网站。因此，我也关注pythonanywhere提供的'Following the Django tutorial'：
https://help.pythonanywhere.com/pages/FollowingTheDjangoTutorial
尽管教程第 5 部分的建议中没有预料到我的问题。现在是问题所在——Django 教程中的一点：
To check if the bug really exists, using the Admin create a question whose date lies in the future and check the method using the shell
从 link 到 shell，我尝试（按照 link 中的说明）到 运行:
django-admin shell --plain
但是我收到以下错误消息
(django19)19:11 ~/mysite $ django-admin shell --plain
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 348, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 391, in execute saved_locale = translation.get_language()
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/translation/__init__.py", line 176, in get_language
return _trans.get_language()
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/translation/__init__.py", line 57, in __getattr__
if settings.USE_I18N:
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 55, in __getattr__
self._setup(name)
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 41, in _setup
% (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting USE_I18N, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 353, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 345, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 360, in run_from_argv
connections.close_all()
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 230, in close_all
for alias in self:
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 224, in __iter__
return iter(self.databases)
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 33, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 157, in databases
self._databases = settings.DATABASES
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 55, in __getattr__
self._setup(name)
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 41, in _setup
% (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DATABASES, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.
此错误消息建议通过定义变量 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 设置 DATABASES（在 mysite/settings.py 中设置）。所以，这就是我所做的：
export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE="${PWD}/mysite/settings.py"
mysite 和 mysite/mysite 目录中还有所需的 __init__.py 文件。但是现在当我 运行 django-admin 命令时，我得到：
ImportError: No module named 'mysite/settings'
此后我找不到更多文档或帮助。我错过了什么？我需要在其他地方设置一些特别的东西吗？我设置 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 正确吗？ ImportError 听起来我应该将 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 设置为 mysite.settings 或类似的东西，但这也不起作用。
创建项目后，使用 manage.py 而不是 django-admin 到 运行 命令：
python manage.py shell
manage.py 命令会为您进行设置。如果使用 django-admin，则必须手动设置 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE。 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 应该是 Python 模块，例如mysite.settings，不是像 /path/to/mysite/settings.py.
这样的文件
确保您的项目位于 python 导入搜索路径中。试试这个
>>import sys
>>sys.path
如果您的项目的 path/directory 没有列出，那么您需要做
>>sys.path.append('/path/to/my/django/project')
然后像这样分配 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE：
$export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings
(Django version 1.9, Python version 3.4.3, using virtual env made with mkvirtualenv --python=/usr/bin/python3.4 django19)
我一直在密切关注 Django 教程，在第 5 部分之前没有任何问题：
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/intro/tutorial05/
尽管严格来说，问题与第 5 部分无关，但请耐心等待。我正在按照 pythonanywhere 框架中的教程进行操作，因为最终我想在那里托管一个网站。因此，我也关注pythonanywhere提供的'Following the Django tutorial'：
https://help.pythonanywhere.com/pages/FollowingTheDjangoTutorial
尽管教程第 5 部分的建议中没有预料到我的问题。现在是问题所在——Django 教程中的一点：
To check if the bug really exists, using the Admin create a question whose date lies in the future and check the method using the shell
从 link 到 shell，我尝试（按照 link 中的说明）到 运行:
django-admin shell --plain
但是我收到以下错误消息
(django19)19:11 ~/mysite $ django-admin shell --plain
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 348, in run_from_argv
self.execute(*args, **cmd_options)
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 391, in execute saved_locale = translation.get_language()
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/translation/__init__.py", line 176, in get_language
return _trans.get_language()
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/translation/__init__.py", line 57, in __getattr__
if settings.USE_I18N:
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 55, in __getattr__
self._setup(name)
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 41, in _setup
% (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting USE_I18N, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 353, in execute_from_command_line
utility.execute()
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/__init__.py", line 345, in execute
self.fetch_command(subcommand).run_from_argv(self.argv)
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/core/management/base.py", line 360, in run_from_argv
connections.close_all()
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 230, in close_all
for alias in self:
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 224, in __iter__
return iter(self.databases)
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/utils/functional.py", line 33, in __get__
res = instance.__dict__[self.name] = self.func(instance)
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/db/utils.py", line 157, in databases
self._databases = settings.DATABASES
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 55, in __getattr__
self._setup(name)
File "/home/me/.virtualenvs/django19/lib/python3.4/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 41, in _setup
% (desc, ENVIRONMENT_VARIABLE))
django.core.exceptions.ImproperlyConfigured: Requested setting DATABASES, but settings are not configured. You must either define the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE or call settings.configure() before accessing settings.
此错误消息建议通过定义变量 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 设置 DATABASES（在 mysite/settings.py 中设置）。所以，这就是我所做的：
export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE="${PWD}/mysite/settings.py"
mysite 和 mysite/mysite 目录中还有所需的 __init__.py 文件。但是现在当我 运行 django-admin 命令时，我得到：
ImportError: No module named 'mysite/settings'
此后我找不到更多文档或帮助。我错过了什么？我需要在其他地方设置一些特别的东西吗？我设置 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 正确吗？ ImportError 听起来我应该将 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 设置为 mysite.settings 或类似的东西，但这也不起作用。
创建项目后，使用 manage.py 而不是 django-admin 到 运行 命令：
python manage.py shell
manage.py 命令会为您进行设置。如果使用 django-admin，则必须手动设置 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE。 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE 应该是 Python 模块，例如mysite.settings，不是像 /path/to/mysite/settings.py.
确保您的项目位于 python 导入搜索路径中。试试这个
>>import sys
>>sys.path
如果您的项目的 path/directory 没有列出，那么您需要做
>>sys.path.append('/path/to/my/django/project')
然后像这样分配 DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE：
$export DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE=mysite.settings