运行 rspec 时未初始化常量名称错误，但在 rails 控制台中工作正常

Question

当我使用 FactoryGirl 运行 rspec 时出现 "nameError: uninitialized constant" 错误，但是当我通过运行、[=45] 在控制台中调用 FactoryGirl.build 时=] c 测试，它正确识别 FactoryGirl。

这是 rspec 的输出：

Failures:

1) create user test
 Failure/Error: FactoryGirl.build(:user)

 NameError:
   uninitialized constant User
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:261:in `const_get'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:261:in `block in constantize'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:259:in `each'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:259:in `inject'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:259:in `constantize'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/core_ext/string/inflections.rb:66:in `constantize'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/factory_girl-4.5.0/lib/factory_girl/factory.rb:26:in `build_class'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/factory_girl-4.5.0/lib/factory_girl/factory.rb:37:in `run'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/factory_girl-4.5.0/lib/factory_girl/factory_runner.rb:23:in `block in run'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/activesupport-4.2.5/lib/active_support/notifications.rb:166:in `instrument'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/factory_girl-4.5.0/lib/factory_girl/factory_runner.rb:22:in `run'
 # /Users/rapha/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/factory_girl-4.5.0/lib/factory_girl/strategy_syntax_method_registrar.rb:20:in `block in define_singular_strategy_method'
 # ./spec/model/user_spec.rb:7:in `block (2 levels) in <top (required)>'

 Finished in 0.001 seconds (files took 0.31845 seconds to load)

1 个例子，1 个失败

/spec/spec_helper.rb:

require 'factory_girl_rails'

RSpec.configure do |config|

  config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods
  config.before do
    FactoryGirl.find_definitions
  end
  ...
end

/spec/rails_helper.rb:

require 'spec_helper'
require 'rspec/rails'
require 'capybara/rspec'
require 'factory_girl_rails'

RSpec.configure do |config|

  config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods

  ...

end

/spec/model/user_spec.rb:

 require 'spec_helper'

 # Create factory de user
 describe "create user" do
  it "test" do
    u = FactoryGirl.build(:user)
  end
end

/Gemfile:

group :development, :test do
  gem 'rspec-rails'
  gem 'guard-rspec'
  gem 'capybara'
  gem 'factory_girl_rails'

end

Answer 1

您是否偶然使用了 rspec 3？从rspec 3开始，你需要require 'rails_helper'而不是spec_helper。

见https://github.com/rspec/rspec-rails#upgrade-note

Answer 2

解析NameError:

您需要将 FactoryGirl 的配置从 /spec/spec_helper.rb 移动到 /spec/rails_helper.rb。
您需要将 /spec/model/user_spec.rb 中的 spec_helper 替换为 rails helper。

请尝试一下。

运行 rspec 时未初始化常量名称错误，但在 rails 控制台中工作正常

Uninitialized constant Name Error when run rspec, but works fine in rails console

rspec

ruby-on-rails

factory-bot