在 OSX 10.9 Mavericks 上初始 rails gem 安装时出现问题

Question

经过一番匆忙，我安装了 rbenv 和 ruby。当我尝试安装 rails 时，我在这里失败了：

$ gem install rails -v 4.2.3

[....]

checking for main() in -llzma... yes
checking for xmlParseDoc() in libxml/parser.h... no
checking for xmlParseDoc() in -lxml2... no
checking for xmlParseDoc() in -llibxml2... no
-----
libxml2 is missing.  Please locate mkmf.log to investigate how it is failing.
-----
*** extconf.rb failed ***
Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary
libraries and/or headers.  Check the mkmf.log file for more details.  You may
need configuration options.

[....]

我使用 macports 进行包管理，似乎存在 libxml2（如我所料）：

$ port list *libxml*
libxml                         @1.8.17         textproc/libxml
libxml2                        @2.9.2          textproc/libxml2
libxmldiff                     @0.2.5          textproc/libxmldiff
libxmlxx                       @1.0.5          textproc/libxmlxx
libxmlxx2                      @2.38.1         textproc/libxmlxx2
p5-libxml-enno                 @1.20.0         perl/p5-libxml-enno
p5-libxml-perl                 @0.80.0         perl/p5-libxml-perl
p5-xml-libxml                  @2.12.300       perl/p5-xml-libxml
p5-xml-libxml-simple           @0.950.0        perl/p5-xml-libxml-simple
p5-xml-rss-libxml              @0.310.500      perl/p5-xml-rss-libxml
p5.16-libxml-enno              @1.20.0         perl/p5-graveyard
p5.16-libxml-perl              @0.80.0         perl/p5-graveyard
p5.16-xml-libxml               @2.12.300       perl/p5-graveyard
p5.16-xml-libxml-simple        @0.950.0        perl/p5-graveyard
p5.16-xml-rss-libxml           @0.310.500      perl/p5-graveyard
p5.18-libxml-enno              @1.20.0         perl/p5-graveyard
p5.18-libxml-perl              @0.80.0         perl/p5-graveyard
p5.18-xml-libxml               @2.12.300       perl/p5-graveyard
p5.18-xml-libxml-simple        @0.950.0        perl/p5-graveyard
p5.18-xml-rss-libxml           @0.310.500      perl/p5-graveyard
p5.20-libxml-enno              @1.20.0         perl/p5-graveyard
p5.20-libxml-perl              @0.80.0         perl/p5-graveyard
p5.20-xml-libxml               @2.12.300       perl/p5-graveyard
p5.20-xml-libxml-simple        @0.950.0        perl/p5-graveyard
p5.20-xml-rss-libxml           @0.310.500      perl/p5-graveyard
p5.22-libxml-enno              @1.20.0         perl/p5-libxml-enno
p5.22-libxml-perl              @0.80.0         perl/p5-libxml-perl
p5.22-xml-libxml               @2.12.300       perl/p5-xml-libxml
p5.22-xml-libxml-simple        @0.950.0        perl/p5-xml-libxml-simple
p5.22-xml-rss-libxml           @0.310.500      perl/p5-xml-rss-libxml
py-libxml2                     @2.9.2          python/py-libxml2
py24-libxml2                   @2.9.2          python/py-graveyard
py25-libxml2                   @2.9.2          python/py-graveyard
py26-libxml2                   @2.9.2          python/py-graveyard
py27-libxml2                   @2.9.2          python/py-libxml2
py34-libxml2                   @2.9.2          python/py-libxml2
py35-libxml2                   @2.9.2          python/py-libxml2
rb-libxml2                     @2.3.4          ruby/rb-libxml2

Answer 1

当您键入 which libxml2 时，它应该 return 二进制文件的路径。

如果它没有在您的 ~/.bash_profile 中更新您的 $PATH。一个快速的命令是：

echo 'export PATH="/opt/local/bin:/opt/local/sbin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

后跟一个：

source ~/.bash_profile

我建议您切换到 Homebrew for package management on OSX along with a switch to RVM 进行 ruby 管理。

Answer 2

尝试将其安装为：

gem install rails -v 4.2.3 -- --use-system-libraries

在 OSX 10.9 Mavericks 上初始 rails gem 安装时出现问题

Trouble with initial rails gem install on OSX 10.9 Mavericks

macos

rubygems

ruby-on-rails

libxml2

osx-mavericks