内部 cmd.exe 命令设置的 ERRORLEVEL 值是多少？
What are the ERRORLEVEL values set by internal cmd.exe commands?
ERRORLEVEL 是大多数 cmd.exe 命令结束时 return 编辑的值，该值会根据一系列条件发生变化，因此了解命令 return 的值很有价值可能有助于编写更好的批处理文件的信息。所有外部 .exe 程序在结束时都会更改 ERRORLEVEL（这是 ExitProcess and TerminateProcess Win-32 API 函数的固有机制）并且通常会记录这些值，但值 returned by internal cmd.exe 命令在别处没有完整记录。
具有部分 ERRORLEVEL 值的 table 出现在 ，但仅针对设置 ERRORLEVEL=0 "upon success" 的内部命令。我建议这个问题的 OP 修改它，以便也包括 "not successful commands" 编辑的值 return，但他拒绝并邀请我 post 我自己的 question/answer，所以在这里！您必须注意，不同于零的 ERRORLEVEL 而不是 必然意味着命令失败！有一些命令没有错误结束，return 一个大于零的值表示不同的 "exit status"，包括内部命令（如 SET /P）。
为了更好地使用批处理 .bat 文件中的内置 cmd.exe 命令，我们需要知道它们 return 的 ERRORLEVEL 值以及此管理中涉及的机制。所以问题是，哪个内部cmd.exe命令将ERRORLEVEL设置为任何值（包括零）？
在此回答中描述了所有内部 cmd.exe 命令返回的 ERRORLEVEL 值；它们按值更改的方式分组并显示为快速参考表。为了 assemble 这个表格，我查看了其他类似的表格，但通过在 Windows 8.1 计算机上执行的测试填充了缺失值。我已尽最大努力使这些表格完整而精确，但我并未测试此处报告的每个值，因此可能存在细微的不一致。
Table 1 - 不更改先前 ERRORLEVEL 值的命令
BREAK
ECHO
ENDLOCAL
FOR Not change the ERRORLEVEL by itself. See "Exit Code" below.
IF Not change the ERRORLEVEL by itself.
PAUSE
RD Not change the ERRORLEVEL on errors, but the "Exit Code". See below.
REM
RMDIR Same as RD.
SET Plain SET command (no arguments). See "Table 3" below.
TITLE
Table 2 - 根据结果将 ERRORLEVEL 设置为 0 或 1 的命令
Command │ Set ERRORLEVEL = 0 when │ Set ERRORLEVEL = 1 when
────────┼───────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
CD │Current directory was changed. │Directory not exists or is not accessible.
CHDIR │Same as CD. │
COLOR │Color was changed. │Background and foreground colors are the same.
COPY │File(s) was processed. │File not found or bad parameters given.
DATE │Date was changed or not given. │User has no admin privileges.
DEL │Almost always, excepting when: │Bad or no parameters given.
DIR │Same as COPY. │
ERASE │Same as DEL. │
MD │Directory was created. │Directory could not be created.
MKDIR │Same as MD. │
MKLINK │Link was created. │Link could not be created or bad parameters given.
MOVE │File(s) was moved/renamed. │File not found, could not be moved/renamed or bad parameters.
PUSHD │Same as CD. │+ Bad switch given.
REN │Same as MOVE. │
RENAME │Same as MOVE. │
SETLOCAL│New environment was created. │Bad parameters given.
TIME │Time was changed or not given. │User has no admin privileges.
TYPE │Same as COPY. │
VERIFY │Right or no parameters given. │Bad parameters given.
VOL │Volume label was displayed. │Drive not found or bad parameters given.
VERIFY是MS建议的设置ERRORLEVEL为0或1的命令；请参阅 SETLOCAL /?.
中的示例
Table 3 - 错误时设置 ERRORLEVEL 的命令；否则不改
Command │E│ Set ERRORLEVEL to = when
─────────────┼─┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
ASSOC │*│1 = Extension associations could not be changed.
CLS │ │1 = Bad switch given.
DPATH │*│1 = Data path could not be established.
FTYPE │*│1 = File type associations could not be changed.
GOTO label │ │1 = Label not exist *in a subroutine* (equivalent to: EXIT /B 1).
KEYS │ │1 = Bad switch given.
PATH │*│1 = Path could not be changed.
POPD │ │1 = Bad switch given.
PROMPT |*│1 = Prompt could not be changed.
SET var │*│1 = No variable with such name exists.
SET var=value│*│1 = Variable name start with "/" not enclosed in quotes.
SET /P │*│1 = Read an empty line or at end of file.
SET /A │*│1073750988 = Unbalanced parentheses, 1073750989 = Missing operand,
│ │1073750990 = Syntax error, 1073750991 = Invalid number,
│ │1073750992 = Number larger than 32-bits, 1073750993 = Division by zero.
SHIFT │ │1 = Bad switch given.
Table3 中的“E”列表示那些将其行为相应地更改为相应文档中描述的“扩展”状态的命令。当启用扩展（默认）并且这些命令被放置在一个扩展名为 .CMD 而不是 .BAT 的文件中时，这些命令在它们结束且没有错误时设置 SETERRORLEVEL = 0，也就是说，当Table 3 中描述的条件不存在。
Table 4 - 特殊情况
CALL Table1 │If the called command is anyone of Table 1 (excepting FOR and IF): set ERRORLEVEL = 0.
CALL subroutine │If the subroutine is called, not change prior ERRORLEVEL value;
│otherwise (subroutine not exists): set ERRORLEVEL = 1.
EXIT /B, EXIT │Not change prior ERRORLEVEL value.
EXIT /B number │Set ERRORLEVEL to given number.
EXIT number │Ends cmd.exe and set its returning ERRORLEVEL value to given number.
START command │If command is started, not change ERRORLEVEL; otherwise, set ERRORLEVEL = 9059.
START /WAIT bat |When the started Batch file ends, set ERRORLEVEL = value from 'EXIT number' commmand.
notExist │If a non-existent command is entered for execution, set ERRORLEVEL = 9009.
VER │Set ERRORLEVEL = 0 almost always. If /? parameter is given, not change ERRORLEVEL.
退出代码管理
有两种方法可以测试 ERRORLEVEL 值：通过 IF ERRORLEVEL / IF %ERRORLEVEL% 命令，或使用 command && thenCmd when ERRORLEVEL is 0 || elseCmd when ERRORLEVEL is not 0 结构。但是，某些特定的命令和重定向错误 returns 值仅适用于第二种情况，并且 不会 反映在 ERRORLEVEL 中；我们可以将此值称为“退出代码”。当这个Exit Code不为0时，可以传给ERRORLEVEL执行elseCmd部分Table1的任意命令。您可以在 .
阅读有关此事的更多详细信息
Table 5 - 设置退出代码的命令或功能
Feature │ Set Exit Code to = when
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
command │1 = Command not exist (when ERRORLEVEL = 9009).
redirection │1 = File not exists in "<", path not exists or access denied in ">" ">>".
drive: |1 = Drive unit not exists.
POPD |1 = No matching PUSHD was previously executed.
RD │1 = Bad switch given, 2 = Directory not found, 5 = Access denied,
│32 = Directory in use, 145 = Directory not empty.
FOR /F │1 = No data was processed.
例如，要测试是否发生重定向错误，请使用：
command > C:\Path\that\does\not\exist\file.txt || rem
if errorlevel 1 echo Previous redirection failed
在此示例中，rem 命令用于将退出代码复制到 ERRORLEVEL，但可以使用任何其他保留 ERRORLEVEL 的内部命令（FOR 和 IF).
测试驱动单元是否存在：
U: || rem
if errorlevel 1 echo Previous set current drive to U: unit failed
更多示例：
rd c:\Some\directory 2> NUL || rem
if %errorlevel% equ 0 (
echo Directory deleted
) else if %errorlevel% equ 2 (
echo Directory not found
) else if %errorlevel% equ 5 (
echo Can not access the directory, check rights
) else if %errorlevel% equ 32 (
echo Can not delete current directory
) else if %errorlevel% equ 145 (
echo Directory is not empty, use /S switch
)
(for /F "options" %%a in (input.txt) do echo %%a) || rem
if errorlevel 1 echo Previous FOR didn't processed any value
ERRORLEVEL 是大多数 cmd.exe 命令结束时 return 编辑的值，该值会根据一系列条件发生变化，因此了解命令 return 的值很有价值可能有助于编写更好的批处理文件的信息。所有外部 .exe 程序在结束时都会更改 ERRORLEVEL（这是 ExitProcess and TerminateProcess Win-32 API 函数的固有机制）并且通常会记录这些值，但值 returned by internal cmd.exe 命令在别处没有完整记录。
具有部分 ERRORLEVEL 值的 table 出现在 SET /P）。
为了更好地使用批处理 .bat 文件中的内置 cmd.exe 命令，我们需要知道它们 return 的 ERRORLEVEL 值以及此管理中涉及的机制。所以问题是，哪个内部cmd.exe命令将ERRORLEVEL设置为任何值（包括零）？
在此回答中描述了所有内部 cmd.exe 命令返回的 ERRORLEVEL 值；它们按值更改的方式分组并显示为快速参考表。为了 assemble 这个表格，我查看了其他类似的表格，但通过在 Windows 8.1 计算机上执行的测试填充了缺失值。我已尽最大努力使这些表格完整而精确，但我并未测试此处报告的每个值，因此可能存在细微的不一致。
Table 1 - 不更改先前 ERRORLEVEL 值的命令
BREAK
ECHO
ENDLOCAL
FOR Not change the ERRORLEVEL by itself. See "Exit Code" below.
IF Not change the ERRORLEVEL by itself.
PAUSE
RD Not change the ERRORLEVEL on errors, but the "Exit Code". See below.
REM
RMDIR Same as RD.
SET Plain SET command (no arguments). See "Table 3" below.
TITLE
Table 2 - 根据结果将 ERRORLEVEL 设置为 0 或 1 的命令
Command │ Set ERRORLEVEL = 0 when │ Set ERRORLEVEL = 1 when
────────┼───────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
CD │Current directory was changed. │Directory not exists or is not accessible.
CHDIR │Same as CD. │
COLOR │Color was changed. │Background and foreground colors are the same.
COPY │File(s) was processed. │File not found or bad parameters given.
DATE │Date was changed or not given. │User has no admin privileges.
DEL │Almost always, excepting when: │Bad or no parameters given.
DIR │Same as COPY. │
ERASE │Same as DEL. │
MD │Directory was created. │Directory could not be created.
MKDIR │Same as MD. │
MKLINK │Link was created. │Link could not be created or bad parameters given.
MOVE │File(s) was moved/renamed. │File not found, could not be moved/renamed or bad parameters.
PUSHD │Same as CD. │+ Bad switch given.
REN │Same as MOVE. │
RENAME │Same as MOVE. │
SETLOCAL│New environment was created. │Bad parameters given.
TIME │Time was changed or not given. │User has no admin privileges.
TYPE │Same as COPY. │
VERIFY │Right or no parameters given. │Bad parameters given.
VOL │Volume label was displayed. │Drive not found or bad parameters given.
VERIFY是MS建议的设置ERRORLEVEL为0或1的命令；请参阅 SETLOCAL /?.
Table 3 - 错误时设置 ERRORLEVEL 的命令；否则不改
Command │E│ Set ERRORLEVEL to = when
─────────────┼─┼────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
ASSOC │*│1 = Extension associations could not be changed.
CLS │ │1 = Bad switch given.
DPATH │*│1 = Data path could not be established.
FTYPE │*│1 = File type associations could not be changed.
GOTO label │ │1 = Label not exist *in a subroutine* (equivalent to: EXIT /B 1).
KEYS │ │1 = Bad switch given.
PATH │*│1 = Path could not be changed.
POPD │ │1 = Bad switch given.
PROMPT |*│1 = Prompt could not be changed.
SET var │*│1 = No variable with such name exists.
SET var=value│*│1 = Variable name start with "/" not enclosed in quotes.
SET /P │*│1 = Read an empty line or at end of file.
SET /A │*│1073750988 = Unbalanced parentheses, 1073750989 = Missing operand,
│ │1073750990 = Syntax error, 1073750991 = Invalid number,
│ │1073750992 = Number larger than 32-bits, 1073750993 = Division by zero.
SHIFT │ │1 = Bad switch given.
Table3 中的“E”列表示那些将其行为相应地更改为相应文档中描述的“扩展”状态的命令。当启用扩展（默认）并且这些命令被放置在一个扩展名为 .CMD 而不是 .BAT 的文件中时，这些命令在它们结束且没有错误时设置 SETERRORLEVEL = 0，也就是说，当Table 3 中描述的条件不存在。
Table 4 - 特殊情况
CALL Table1 │If the called command is anyone of Table 1 (excepting FOR and IF): set ERRORLEVEL = 0.
CALL subroutine │If the subroutine is called, not change prior ERRORLEVEL value;
│otherwise (subroutine not exists): set ERRORLEVEL = 1.
EXIT /B, EXIT │Not change prior ERRORLEVEL value.
EXIT /B number │Set ERRORLEVEL to given number.
EXIT number │Ends cmd.exe and set its returning ERRORLEVEL value to given number.
START command │If command is started, not change ERRORLEVEL; otherwise, set ERRORLEVEL = 9059.
START /WAIT bat |When the started Batch file ends, set ERRORLEVEL = value from 'EXIT number' commmand.
notExist │If a non-existent command is entered for execution, set ERRORLEVEL = 9009.
VER │Set ERRORLEVEL = 0 almost always. If /? parameter is given, not change ERRORLEVEL.
退出代码管理
有两种方法可以测试 ERRORLEVEL 值：通过 IF ERRORLEVEL / IF %ERRORLEVEL% 命令，或使用 command && thenCmd when ERRORLEVEL is 0 || elseCmd when ERRORLEVEL is not 0 结构。但是，某些特定的命令和重定向错误 returns 值仅适用于第二种情况，并且 不会 反映在 ERRORLEVEL 中；我们可以将此值称为“退出代码”。当这个Exit Code不为0时，可以传给ERRORLEVEL执行elseCmd部分Table1的任意命令。您可以在
Table 5 - 设置退出代码的命令或功能
Feature │ Set Exit Code to = when
─────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
command │1 = Command not exist (when ERRORLEVEL = 9009).
redirection │1 = File not exists in "<", path not exists or access denied in ">" ">>".
drive: |1 = Drive unit not exists.
POPD |1 = No matching PUSHD was previously executed.
RD │1 = Bad switch given, 2 = Directory not found, 5 = Access denied,
│32 = Directory in use, 145 = Directory not empty.
FOR /F │1 = No data was processed.
例如，要测试是否发生重定向错误，请使用：
command > C:\Path\that\does\not\exist\file.txt || rem
if errorlevel 1 echo Previous redirection failed
在此示例中，rem 命令用于将退出代码复制到 ERRORLEVEL，但可以使用任何其他保留 ERRORLEVEL 的内部命令（FOR 和 IF).
测试驱动单元是否存在：
U: || rem
if errorlevel 1 echo Previous set current drive to U: unit failed
更多示例：
rd c:\Some\directory 2> NUL || rem
if %errorlevel% equ 0 (
echo Directory deleted
) else if %errorlevel% equ 2 (
echo Directory not found
) else if %errorlevel% equ 5 (
echo Can not access the directory, check rights
) else if %errorlevel% equ 32 (
echo Can not delete current directory
) else if %errorlevel% equ 145 (
echo Directory is not empty, use /S switch
)
(for /F "options" %%a in (input.txt) do echo %%a) || rem
if errorlevel 1 echo Previous FOR didn't processed any value