在 Entity Framework 中的摘要 Class 上配置自动递增字段

Configuring an Auto Increment field on an Abstract Class in Entity Framework

我有一些类似于这些的代码优先实体:

public abstract class Animal {
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public int NumberOfLegs { get; set; }
}

public class Dog : Animal {
    public string OtherDogRelatedStuff { get; set; }
}

public class Bird : Animal {
    public string OtherBirdRelatedStuff { get; set; }
}

public class MyContext : DbContext {

    public IDbSet<Animal> Animals { get; set; }

    protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder) {

        var pluraliser = PluralizationService.CreateService(new System.Globalization.CultureInfo("en-GB"));

        modelBuilder.HasDefaultSchema("vs");
        modelBuilder.Types().Configure(t => t.ToTable(pluraliser.Pluralize(t.ClrType.Name)));

        // This next line doesn't give ID column IDENTITY(1,1)
        modelBuilder.Entity<Animal>().Property(_ => _.ID).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);

        // This line puts IDENTITY(1,1) on Animal.ID, but causes errors when I try to add/update data.
        //modelBuilder.Entity<Dog>().Property(_ => _.ID).HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);

        base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
    }        
}

我想要每个类型 table...所以 table 看起来像这样:

CREATE TABLE Animals (
    ID INT NOT NULL IDENTITY(1,1),
    NumberOfLegs INT NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT pkAnimals PRIMARY KEY (ID)
)

CREATE TABLE Dogs (
    ID INT NOT NULL,
    OtherDogRelatedStuff VARCHAR(200),
    CONSTRAINT pkDogs PRIMARY KEY (ID),
    CONSTRAINT fkAnimal_Dog FOREIGN KEY (ID) REFERENCES Animals(ID)
)

CREATE TABLE Birds (
    ID INT NOT NULL,
    OtherBirdRelatedStuff VARCHAR(200),
    CONSTRAINT pkBirds PRIMARY KEY (ID),
    CONSTRAINT fkAnimal_Bird FOREIGN KEY (ID) REFERENCES Animals(ID)
)

数据如下:

---Animals----------
ID      NumberOfLegs
1       4
2       4
3       2

---Dogs---------------------
ID      OtherDogRelatedStuff
1       Woof1
2       Woof2

---Birds---------------------
ID      OtherCatRelatedStuff
3       Sqwark1

但我无法使自动递增 ID 工作或正确配置。

我试过这个:

modelBuilder.Entity<Animal>().Property(_ => _.ID)
    .HasDatabaseGeneratedOption(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity);

但是因为 Animal 是抽象的,所以这似乎没有在 table.

上设置 IDENTITY(1,1) 属性

我也试过在 Dog 实体上做同样的事情,它正确地将身份 属性 添加到 Animals table 中的 ID 列,但是当我尝试在 SaveChanges() 方法上向数据库添加新实体时,我得到一个 UpdateException

A dependent property in a ReferentialConstraint is mapped to a store-generated column. Column: 'ID'.

如何正确设置抽象类型上的ID列自动递增,并使其在添加数据时生效?

我会说使用接口或单独的抽象 class 来放置像这样的通用功能:

public interface Common{
  int ID { get; set; }
}
public class Animal : Common {
[DatabaseGenerated(System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations.Schema.DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]    
public int ID { get; set; }
public int NumberOfLegs { get; set; }
}

public class Dog : Common {
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public string OtherDogRelatedStuff { get; set; }
}

有了这些模型...

public abstract class Animal
{
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public int NumberOfLegs { get; set; }
}

public class Dog : Animal
{
    public string OtherDogRelatedStuff { get; set; }
}

public class Bird : Animal
{
    public string OtherBirdRelatedStuff { get; set; }
}

...在上下文中...

public IDbSet<Animal> Animals { get; set; }

protected override void OnModelCreating(DbModelBuilder modelBuilder)
{
    base.OnModelCreating(modelBuilder);
    modelBuilder.Entity<Dog>().ToTable("Dogs");
    modelBuilder.Entity<Bird>().ToTable("Birds");
}

...然后在包管理器中执行 Add-Migration "Animals" 然后 Update-Database -Script

你应该得到:

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Animals] (
    [ID] [int] NOT NULL IDENTITY,
    [NumberOfLegs] [int] NOT NULL,
    CONSTRAINT [PK_dbo.Animals] PRIMARY KEY ([ID])
)
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Dogs] (
    [ID] [int] NOT NULL,
    [OtherDogRelatedStuff] [nvarchar](max),
    CONSTRAINT [PK_dbo.Dogs] PRIMARY KEY ([ID])
)
CREATE INDEX [IX_ID] ON [dbo].[Dogs]([ID])
CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Birds] (
    [ID] [int] NOT NULL,
    [OtherBirdRelatedStuff] [nvarchar](max),
    CONSTRAINT [PK_dbo.Birds] PRIMARY KEY ([ID])
)
CREATE INDEX [IX_ID] ON [dbo].[Birds]([ID])
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Dogs] 
ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.Dogs_dbo.Animals_ID] FOREIGN KEY ([ID]) 
REFERENCES [dbo].[Animals] ([ID])
ALTER TABLE [dbo].[Birds] 
ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_dbo.Birds_dbo.Animals_ID] FOREIGN KEY ([ID]) 
REFERENCES [dbo].[Animals] ([ID])
INSERT [dbo].[__MigrationHistory]([MigrationId], [ContextKey], [Model], [ProductVersion])
VALUES (N'etc)

这是你想要的,对吧?

参考: Inheritance with EF Code First: Part 2 – Table per Type (TPT)

请注意,如果字段最初是在没有身份的情况下创建的(反之亦然),有时您可能 运行 会遇到使用身份创建的字段的问题。您可以通过删除并重新创建 table 来解决此问题:

我遇到了同样的问题,我使用摘要中的数据注释修复了它 class,如下所示:

public abstract class Animal {
    [DatabaseGenerated(DatabaseGeneratedOption.Identity)]
    public int ID { get; set; }
    public int NumberOfLegs { get; set; }
}