如何用 DevIL 编译？
How to compile with DevIL?
我正在尝试为 3D 程序进行正确设置，下一步是纹理加载器。我正在尝试使用 DevIL，但我似乎无法让它工作，而且似乎没有最新的解释性文字。
首先，我将包含我的项目的转储：（请记住，它恰好处于这种状态，并非所有相关；另请注意 'IOUtil.cpp' 只是定义 'Print'，打印到 'cout'。它似乎不相关，所以我排除了它。）
项目结构：
+- bin
+- include
| +- GLFW
| | +- glfw3.h
| | +- glfw3native.h
| +- IL
| | +- config.h
| | +- config.h.win
| | +- devil_internal_exports.h
| | +- il.h
| | +- il_wrap.h
| | +- ilu.h
| | +- ilu_region.h
| | +- ilut.h
| | +- ilut_config.h
+- lib
| +- unicode
| | +- DevIL.dll
| | +- DevIL.lib
| | +- ILU.dll
| | +- ILU.lib
| | +- ILUT.dll
| | +- ILUT.lib
| +- DevIL.dll
| +- DevIL.lib
| +- ILU.dll
| +- ILU.lib
| +- ILUT.dll
| +- ILUT.lib
| +- libglfw3dll.a
+- logs
+- src
| +- Main.exe
+- build.bat
+- run.bat
Main.exe:
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <IL/il.h>
#include <IL/ilu.h>
#include <IL/ilut.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include "util/IOUtil.cpp"
float SENSITIVITY = 0.25;
float cursorX = 0;
float cursorY = 0;
float camX = 0;
float camY = 0;
static void error_callback(int error, const char* description) {
Print("GLFW ERROR: " + (std::string)description);
}
static void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mods) {
if (key == GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE && action == GLFW_PRESS) {
glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, GL_TRUE);
}
}
static void cursor_position_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos) {
float dx = xpos - cursorX;
float dy = -ypos - cursorY;
cursorX = xpos;
cursorY = -ypos;
camX += dx * SENSITIVITY;
camY += dy * SENSITIVITY;
if (camX < 0) {
camX += 360;
}
if (camX > 360) {
camX -= 360;
}
camY = std::max(-90.0f, std::min(90.0f, camY));
}
int main(void) {
glfwSetErrorCallback(error_callback); //Set the error callback
Print("Initializing GLFW");
if (!glfwInit()) { //If initialization fails, crash
Print("GLFW initialization failed!");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
Print("Initializing window");
GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(600, 600, "FPS", NULL, NULL); //Initialize the window
if (!window) { //If window initialization fails, crash
Print("Window initialization failed!");
glfwTerminate(); //Deinitialize
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
ilutRenderer(ILUT_OPENGL); //Bind Texture Loader to Renderer
glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED); //Capture the cursor
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); //Create the context
glfwSwapInterval(1); //Set the swap interval
glfwSetKeyCallback(window, key_callback); //Set the key callback
glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, cursor_position_callback); //Set the cursor callback
//ilInit();
//ILuint image;
//ilGenImages(1, &image);
//ilBindImage(image);
//ilLoadImage("data/image.png");
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
GLuint tex;
//tex = ilutGLBindTexImage();
Print("Beginning main loop");
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) { //Main loop, ends when window close is requested
float ratio;
int width, height;
glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height); //Load the window dimensions
ratio = width / (float) height; //Calculate the aspect ratio
glViewport(0, 0, width, height); //Configure the viewport
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); //Clear the buffer
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
float near = 1; //Near Clipping Plane
float far = 1000; //Far Clipping Plane
float fov = 1; //tan(fovAngle)/2.
glFrustum(-ratio * near * fov, ratio * near * fov, -fov, fov, near, far);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
//Enable depth testing
//glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
//Set background color
//glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glPushMatrix();
glRotatef(camY, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glRotatef(camX, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
//glTranslatef(0,0,-10);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
//glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -10.0);
//glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, -10.0);
//glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, -10.0);
//glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0, -10.0);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 10.0);
glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, 10.0);
glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, 10.0);
glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0, 10.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glfwSwapBuffers(window); //Swap buffers
glfwPollEvents(); //Poll events
}
Print("Window close requested");
glfwDestroyWindow(window); //Close the window
Print("Deinitializing");
glfwTerminate(); //Deinitialize
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); //End the program
}
build.bat:
g++ -c -v -Iinclude src/Main.cpp 2>logs/build.txt
g++ -v -o bin/main Main.o -Llib -lglfw3dll -lopengl32 -lgdi32 -lDevIL -lILU -lILUT 2>logs/link.txt
del Main.o
pause
这是批处理文件第一行的日志：
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
Target: mingw32
Configured with: ../gcc-4.8.1/configure --prefix=/mingw --host=mingw32 --build=mingw32 --without-pic --enable-shared --enable-static --with-gnu-ld --enable-lto --enable-libssp --disable-multilib --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++,ada --disable-sjlj-exceptions --with-dwarf2 --disable-win32-registry --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs --with-gmp=/usr/src/pkg/gmp-5.1.2-1-mingw32-src/bld --with-mpc=/usr/src/pkg/mpc-1.0.1-1-mingw32-src/bld --with-mpfr= --with-system-zlib --with-gnu-as --enable-decimal-float=yes --enable-libgomp --enable-threads --with-libiconv-prefix=/mingw32 --with-libintl-prefix=/mingw --disable-bootstrap LDFLAGS=-s CFLAGS=-D_USE_32BIT_TIME_T
Thread model: win32
gcc version 4.8.1 (GCC)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-c' '-v' '-I' 'include' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=pentiumpro'
c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/cc1plus.exe -quiet -v -I include -iprefix c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/ src/Main.cpp -quiet -dumpbase Main.cpp -mtune=generic -march=pentiumpro -auxbase Main -version -o C:\Users\MyUsername\AppData\Local\Temp\cccPMwk6.s
GNU C++ (GCC) version 4.8.1 (mingw32)
compiled by GNU C version 4.8.1, GMP version 5.1.2, MPFR version 3.1.2, MPC version 1.0.1
warning: MPC header version 1.0.1 differs from library version 1.0.2.
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include/c++"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include/c++/mingw32"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include/c++/backward"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/mingw/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include-fixed"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../mingw32/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/mingw/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
include
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include/c++
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include/c++/mingw32
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include/c++/backward
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../include
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include-fixed
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../mingw32/include
End of search list.
GNU C++ (GCC) version 4.8.1 (mingw32)
compiled by GNU C version 4.8.1, GMP version 5.1.2, MPFR version 3.1.2, MPC version 1.0.1
warning: MPC header version 1.0.1 differs from library version 1.0.2.
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: 1ebc2a6f92fbd3aadc367a20a63fdf9f
src/Main.cpp: In function 'int main()':
src/Main.cpp:95:14: error: expected unqualified-id before '=' token
float near = 1; //Near Clipping Plane
^
src/Main.cpp:96:13: error: expected unqualified-id before '=' token
float far = 1000; //Far Clipping Plane
^
src/Main.cpp:98:29: error: invalid type argument of unary '*' (have 'float')
glFrustum(-ratio * near * fov, ratio * near * fov, -fov, fov, near, far);
^
src/Main.cpp:98:49: error: invalid type argument of unary '*' (have 'float')
glFrustum(-ratio * near * fov, ratio * near * fov, -fov, fov, near, far);
^
src/Main.cpp:98:69: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
glFrustum(-ratio * near * fov, ratio * near * fov, -fov, fov, near, far);
^
src/Main.cpp:98:74: error: expected primary-expression before ')' token
glFrustum(-ratio * near * fov, ratio * near * fov, -fov, fov, near, far);
^
抱歉我把所有东西都扔了，但我不知道还能做什么。我不明白为什么 IL 包含会导致语法正确的代码出现语法错误。
有人知道出了什么问题吗？
事实证明，问题是由变量的名称引起的，当我注意到 'fov' 没有受到影响时，我意识到了这一点。将 'near' 和 'far' 更改为 'near_plane' 和 'far_plane'（连同所有引用）解决了这个问题。
出于兴趣，'near'和'far'在DevIL中定义了什么？
我正在尝试为 3D 程序进行正确设置，下一步是纹理加载器。我正在尝试使用 DevIL，但我似乎无法让它工作，而且似乎没有最新的解释性文字。
首先，我将包含我的项目的转储：（请记住，它恰好处于这种状态，并非所有相关；另请注意 'IOUtil.cpp' 只是定义 'Print'，打印到 'cout'。它似乎不相关，所以我排除了它。）
项目结构：
+- bin
+- include
| +- GLFW
| | +- glfw3.h
| | +- glfw3native.h
| +- IL
| | +- config.h
| | +- config.h.win
| | +- devil_internal_exports.h
| | +- il.h
| | +- il_wrap.h
| | +- ilu.h
| | +- ilu_region.h
| | +- ilut.h
| | +- ilut_config.h
+- lib
| +- unicode
| | +- DevIL.dll
| | +- DevIL.lib
| | +- ILU.dll
| | +- ILU.lib
| | +- ILUT.dll
| | +- ILUT.lib
| +- DevIL.dll
| +- DevIL.lib
| +- ILU.dll
| +- ILU.lib
| +- ILUT.dll
| +- ILUT.lib
| +- libglfw3dll.a
+- logs
+- src
| +- Main.exe
+- build.bat
+- run.bat
Main.exe:
#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
#include <IL/il.h>
#include <IL/ilu.h>
#include <IL/ilut.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include "util/IOUtil.cpp"
float SENSITIVITY = 0.25;
float cursorX = 0;
float cursorY = 0;
float camX = 0;
float camY = 0;
static void error_callback(int error, const char* description) {
Print("GLFW ERROR: " + (std::string)description);
}
static void key_callback(GLFWwindow* window, int key, int scancode, int action, int mods) {
if (key == GLFW_KEY_ESCAPE && action == GLFW_PRESS) {
glfwSetWindowShouldClose(window, GL_TRUE);
}
}
static void cursor_position_callback(GLFWwindow* window, double xpos, double ypos) {
float dx = xpos - cursorX;
float dy = -ypos - cursorY;
cursorX = xpos;
cursorY = -ypos;
camX += dx * SENSITIVITY;
camY += dy * SENSITIVITY;
if (camX < 0) {
camX += 360;
}
if (camX > 360) {
camX -= 360;
}
camY = std::max(-90.0f, std::min(90.0f, camY));
}
int main(void) {
glfwSetErrorCallback(error_callback); //Set the error callback
Print("Initializing GLFW");
if (!glfwInit()) { //If initialization fails, crash
Print("GLFW initialization failed!");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
Print("Initializing window");
GLFWwindow* window = glfwCreateWindow(600, 600, "FPS", NULL, NULL); //Initialize the window
if (!window) { //If window initialization fails, crash
Print("Window initialization failed!");
glfwTerminate(); //Deinitialize
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
ilutRenderer(ILUT_OPENGL); //Bind Texture Loader to Renderer
glfwSetInputMode(window, GLFW_CURSOR, GLFW_CURSOR_DISABLED); //Capture the cursor
glfwMakeContextCurrent(window); //Create the context
glfwSwapInterval(1); //Set the swap interval
glfwSetKeyCallback(window, key_callback); //Set the key callback
glfwSetCursorPosCallback(window, cursor_position_callback); //Set the cursor callback
//ilInit();
//ILuint image;
//ilGenImages(1, &image);
//ilBindImage(image);
//ilLoadImage("data/image.png");
glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);
GLuint tex;
//tex = ilutGLBindTexImage();
Print("Beginning main loop");
while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) { //Main loop, ends when window close is requested
float ratio;
int width, height;
glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height); //Load the window dimensions
ratio = width / (float) height; //Calculate the aspect ratio
glViewport(0, 0, width, height); //Configure the viewport
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); //Clear the buffer
glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
glLoadIdentity();
float near = 1; //Near Clipping Plane
float far = 1000; //Far Clipping Plane
float fov = 1; //tan(fovAngle)/2.
glFrustum(-ratio * near * fov, ratio * near * fov, -fov, fov, near, far);
glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
glLoadIdentity();
//Enable depth testing
//glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST);
//Set background color
//glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
glPushMatrix();
glRotatef(camY, -1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glRotatef(camX, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0);
//glTranslatef(0,0,-10);
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
//glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, -10.0);
//glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, -10.0);
//glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, -10.0);
//glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0, -10.0);
glEnd();
glBegin(GL_QUADS);
glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(-1.0, -1.0, 10.0);
glColor3f(1.0, 0.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(-1.0, 1.0, 10.0);
glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
glVertex3f(1.0, 1.0, 10.0);
glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 0.0);
glVertex3f(1.0, -1.0, 10.0);
glEnd();
glPopMatrix();
glfwSwapBuffers(window); //Swap buffers
glfwPollEvents(); //Poll events
}
Print("Window close requested");
glfwDestroyWindow(window); //Close the window
Print("Deinitializing");
glfwTerminate(); //Deinitialize
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); //End the program
}
build.bat:
g++ -c -v -Iinclude src/Main.cpp 2>logs/build.txt
g++ -v -o bin/main Main.o -Llib -lglfw3dll -lopengl32 -lgdi32 -lDevIL -lILU -lILUT 2>logs/link.txt
del Main.o
pause
这是批处理文件第一行的日志：
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
Target: mingw32
Configured with: ../gcc-4.8.1/configure --prefix=/mingw --host=mingw32 --build=mingw32 --without-pic --enable-shared --enable-static --with-gnu-ld --enable-lto --enable-libssp --disable-multilib --enable-languages=c,c++,fortran,objc,obj-c++,ada --disable-sjlj-exceptions --with-dwarf2 --disable-win32-registry --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-version-specific-runtime-libs --with-gmp=/usr/src/pkg/gmp-5.1.2-1-mingw32-src/bld --with-mpc=/usr/src/pkg/mpc-1.0.1-1-mingw32-src/bld --with-mpfr= --with-system-zlib --with-gnu-as --enable-decimal-float=yes --enable-libgomp --enable-threads --with-libiconv-prefix=/mingw32 --with-libintl-prefix=/mingw --disable-bootstrap LDFLAGS=-s CFLAGS=-D_USE_32BIT_TIME_T
Thread model: win32
gcc version 4.8.1 (GCC)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-c' '-v' '-I' 'include' '-shared-libgcc' '-mtune=generic' '-march=pentiumpro'
c:/mingw/bin/../libexec/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/cc1plus.exe -quiet -v -I include -iprefix c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/ src/Main.cpp -quiet -dumpbase Main.cpp -mtune=generic -march=pentiumpro -auxbase Main -version -o C:\Users\MyUsername\AppData\Local\Temp\cccPMwk6.s
GNU C++ (GCC) version 4.8.1 (mingw32)
compiled by GNU C version 4.8.1, GMP version 5.1.2, MPFR version 3.1.2, MPC version 1.0.1
warning: MPC header version 1.0.1 differs from library version 1.0.2.
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include/c++"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include/c++/mingw32"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include/c++/backward"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/mingw/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include-fixed"
ignoring duplicate directory "c:/mingw/lib/gcc/../../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../mingw32/include"
ignoring duplicate directory "/mingw/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
include
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include/c++
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include/c++/mingw32
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include/c++/backward
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../include
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/include-fixed
c:\mingw\bin\../lib/gcc/mingw32/4.8.1/../../../../mingw32/include
End of search list.
GNU C++ (GCC) version 4.8.1 (mingw32)
compiled by GNU C version 4.8.1, GMP version 5.1.2, MPFR version 3.1.2, MPC version 1.0.1
warning: MPC header version 1.0.1 differs from library version 1.0.2.
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: 1ebc2a6f92fbd3aadc367a20a63fdf9f
src/Main.cpp: In function 'int main()':
src/Main.cpp:95:14: error: expected unqualified-id before '=' token
float near = 1; //Near Clipping Plane
^
src/Main.cpp:96:13: error: expected unqualified-id before '=' token
float far = 1000; //Far Clipping Plane
^
src/Main.cpp:98:29: error: invalid type argument of unary '*' (have 'float')
glFrustum(-ratio * near * fov, ratio * near * fov, -fov, fov, near, far);
^
src/Main.cpp:98:49: error: invalid type argument of unary '*' (have 'float')
glFrustum(-ratio * near * fov, ratio * near * fov, -fov, fov, near, far);
^
src/Main.cpp:98:69: error: expected primary-expression before ',' token
glFrustum(-ratio * near * fov, ratio * near * fov, -fov, fov, near, far);
^
src/Main.cpp:98:74: error: expected primary-expression before ')' token
glFrustum(-ratio * near * fov, ratio * near * fov, -fov, fov, near, far);
^
抱歉我把所有东西都扔了，但我不知道还能做什么。我不明白为什么 IL 包含会导致语法正确的代码出现语法错误。
有人知道出了什么问题吗？
事实证明，问题是由变量的名称引起的，当我注意到 'fov' 没有受到影响时，我意识到了这一点。将 'near' 和 'far' 更改为 'near_plane' 和 'far_plane'（连同所有引用）解决了这个问题。
出于兴趣，'near'和'far'在DevIL中定义了什么？