为迭代器调用 const 而不是非常量访问运算符

Calls const instead of non-const access operator for iterator

我想在一个 STL 迭代器之上构建一个自定义迭代器。这是我希望可以编译的代码的精简版本:

#include <cstddef>
#include <iterator>
#include <list>

class Data
{
public:
  double x;
};

typedef std::list<Data> list_of_data;

template <class IteratorType>
class my_iterator :
     public std::iterator<std::bidirectional_iterator_tag,
                          typename IteratorType::value_type >
{
public:
  //type of itself
  typedef my_iterator self;
  //type of underlying iterator
  typedef IteratorType list_iterator_type;

  my_iterator(list_iterator_type it) :
    m_it(it)
  {}//constructor.

  my_iterator(const self& source) :
    m_it(source.m_it)
  {}

  self& operator=(const self& source)
  {
    m_it = source.m_it;
    return *this;
  }//operator=

  bool operator==(self other)
  {
    return m_it == other.m_it;
  }

  bool operator!=(self other)
  {
    return m_it != other.m_it;
  }

  inline typename self::reference operator*()
  { return (*m_it);}

  inline const typename self::reference operator*() const
    { return (*m_it); }

  inline typename self::pointer operator->()
    { return &(*m_it); }

  inline const typename self::pointer operator->() const
    { return &(*m_it); }

  inline self& operator++()
  {
    ++m_it;
  }//operator++

  inline self operator++(int)
  {
    self tmp(*this);
    ++(*this);
    return tmp;
  }//operator++(int)

private:

  list_iterator_type m_it;
};

///non constant iterator over cells.
typedef my_iterator<list_of_data::iterator> iterator;
///constant iterator over cells.
typedef my_iterator<list_of_data::const_iterator> const_iterator;

int main()
{
  list_of_data test_list;
  Data a;
  test_list.push_back(a);
  test_list.push_back(a);
  test_list.push_back(a);
  for(const_iterator it  = const_iterator(test_list.begin()); 
                     it != const_iterator(test_list.end()); ++it)
  {
    double x = it->x;
    double y = (*it).x;
  }
}

但是它显示以下错误消息:

test_list.cpp: In instantiation of ‘typename my_iterator<IteratorType>::self::pointer my_iterator<IteratorType>::operator->() [with IteratorType = std::_List_const_iterator<Data>; typename my_iterator<IteratorType>::self::pointer = Data*]’:
test_list.cpp:92:18:   required from here
test_list.cpp:55:21: error: invalid conversion from ‘const Data*’ to ‘std::iterator<std::bidirectional_iterator_tag, Data, long int, Data*, Data&>::pointer {aka Data*}’ [-fpermissive]
     { return &(*m_it); }
                     ^
test_list.cpp: In instantiation of ‘typename my_iterator<IteratorType>::self::reference my_iterator<IteratorType>::operator*() [with IteratorType = std::_List_const_iterator<Data>; typename my_iterator<IteratorType>::self::reference = Data&]’:
test_list.cpp:93:18:   required from here
test_list.cpp:49:18: error: invalid initialization of reference of type ‘std::iterator<std::bidirectional_iterator_tag, Data, long int, Data*, Data&>::reference {aka Data&}’ from expression of type ‘const Data’
   { return (*m_it);}

据我所知,它指的是访问运算符的非常量版本,但是为什么,如果我在这里明确使用常量迭代器呢?

当您在 for 循环中使用 const_iterator it 时,it 属于 const_iterator 类型,但它本身是非常量。

因此使用其成员函数将使用非常量成员,这在 my_iterator 存储真正的 list::const_iterator 时不起作用。在表达式 &(*m_it) 中,*m_it 引用的元素是 const,因此您无法获取该对象的非常量地址:

error: invalid conversion from ‘const Data*’

经过一番调查,我终于找到了问题所在,所以我发布了上述代码的正确、可编译版本。以下是要点:

-- 主要问题是我为基础 std::iterator class 定义的模板参数不足。它需要 5 个参数,但我只定义了前 2 个,其余的依赖于默认类型分配。这是一个错误。例如,默认情况下 pointer 被定义为 value_type*,但我需要的实际上是常量迭代器 const value_type*。因此,我定义了所有 5 个模板参数。

-- 不需要 operator*()operator->().

这两个版本

-- 我还添加了另一个模板构造函数,以允许将非常量迭代器分配给常量迭代器。

下面是我努力的结果。

#include <cstddef>
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <list>

class Data
{
public:
  double x;
};

typedef std::list<Data> list_of_data;

template <class IteratorType>
class my_iterator :
     public std::iterator<std::bidirectional_iterator_tag,
                          typename IteratorType::value_type,
                          typename IteratorType::difference_type,
                          typename IteratorType::pointer,
                          typename IteratorType::reference>
{
public:
  //type of itself
  typedef my_iterator self;
  //type of iterator over cells
  typedef IteratorType list_iterator_type;

  my_iterator(list_iterator_type it) :
    m_it(it)
  {}//constructor.

  my_iterator(const self& source) :
    m_it(source.m_it)
  {}

  template<class another_iterator>
  my_iterator(const my_iterator<another_iterator>& source) :
    m_it(source.m_it)
  {}

  self& operator=(const self& source)
  {
    m_it = source.m_it;
    return *this;
  }//operator=

  bool operator==(self other) const
  {
    return m_it == other.m_it;
  }

  bool operator!=(self other) const
  {
    return m_it != other.m_it;
  }

  inline typename self::reference operator*() const
  { return (*m_it);}

  inline typename self::pointer operator->() const
    { return &(*m_it); }

  inline self& operator++()
  {
    ++m_it;
    return (*this);
  }//operator++

  inline self operator++(int)
  {
    self tmp(*this);
    ++(*this);
    return tmp;
  }//operator++(int)

private:

  list_iterator_type m_it;
};

///non constant iterator over cells.
typedef my_iterator<list_of_data::iterator> iterator;
///constant iterator over cells.
typedef my_iterator<list_of_data::const_iterator> const_iterator;

int main()
{
  list_of_data test_list;
  Data a;
  test_list.push_back(a);
  test_list.push_back(a);
  test_list.push_back(a);
  for(iterator it  = iterator(test_list.begin()); 
                     it != iterator(test_list.end()); ++it)
  {
    it->x = 2;
  }
  for(const_iterator it  = const_iterator(test_list.begin()); 
                     it != const_iterator(test_list.end()); ++it)
  {
    std::cout << "  it->x =" << it->x << std::endl;
    std::cout << "(*it).x =" << (*it).x << std::endl;
  }
}