从 GPS 捕捉到道路的 GEO 位置绘制路径

Question

我在数据库中记录了一些来自 GPS 的点，当我将其绘制为折线时，形成了一条丑陋的路径。

我试着做了一个snap to road by google service；它在小路径中得到了一个准确的路径，因为它只有 100 个点的限制，我有 900 多个。

然后我尝试了OSRM matching-service。它取决于 OSM 数据，但不像 google 地图那样更新；该路线的原始点路径错误

有没有其他方法可以使它在正确的道路上顺利行驶？

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Answer 1

我的第一个想法是运行点通过一个直线简化算法（像Douglas-Peucker）。

我用你的积分做了这个：

运行通过 Douglas-Peuker 的分数
将它们以 100 个为一组发送到 snap to route API
在地图上显示了三个生成的多段线

结果

snap to road 不太擅长简化线路，喜欢挑st运行ge routes
我不得不使用 0.5 的 tole运行ce 来获得合理的结果（这仅将输入数据减少了 2 倍）。对于某些数据集，我可以使用 1、10 甚至 30 的 tole运行ce，这确实减少了需要发送到 Roads API.

fiddle displaying the results (code wouldn't fit in the answer

实现这个的代码（处理最多 300 个简化点）：

var simplifiedPolylines = [];
var simplifiedPolyline;
var simplifiedPoints = [];
var map;
var rawPolyline;
function initialize() {
  var mapOptions = {
    center: new google.maps.LatLng(38.990842,-76.93625),
    zoom: 17,
    mapTypeId: google.maps.MapTypeId.ROADMAP
  };
  map = new google.maps.Map(document.getElementById("map_canvas"),
      mapOptions);
  google.maps.event.addDomListener(document.getElementById('btn'), 'click', displayPolylineData);
  displayPolylineData();
}
function displayPolylineData() {
  var path = [];
  var bounds = new google.maps.LatLngBounds();
  for (var i=0; i<rawData.length; i++) {
    path.push(rawData[i]);
    bounds.extend(rawData[i]);
  }
  if (rawPolyline && rawPolyline.setMap) {
    rawPolyline.setMap(null);
  }

  rawPolyline = new google.maps.Polyline({
    path:path,
    strokeOpacity: 0.4,
    strokeWeight: 4,
    strokeColor: "#FF0000",
    map: map

  });
  map.fitBounds(bounds);
  document.getElementById("info").innerHTML = "before DP simplification: " + path.length + "<br>";
  var DPtolerance = parseFloat(document.getElementById("tolerance").value);
  var simplifiedPath = GDouglasPeucker(path, DPtolerance);
  document.getElementById("info").innerHTML += "after DP simplification: " + simplifiedPath.length + "<br>";
  if (simplifiedPoints && simplifiedPoints.length > 0) {
    for (var i=0; i<simplifiedPoints.length; i++) {
      simplifiedPoints[i].setMap(null);
    }
  }
  if (snappedPoints && snappedPoints.length > 0) {
    for (var i=0; i<snappedPoints.length; i++) {
      snappedPoints[i].setMap(null);
    }
  }

  document.getElementById('simplified').innerHTML = 'Raw Polyline<input type="checkbox" name="rawpolyline" onclick="rawPolylineCheck(this);" checked="checked" /><br>';
  document.getElementById('simplified').innerHTML += 'Simplified Markers <input type="checkbox" name="simplifiedmarks" onclick="simplifiedPointCheck(this);" checked="checked" /><br>';
  document.getElementById('simplified').innerHTML += 'Simplified Polyline<input type="checkbox" name="simplifiedpolyline" onclick="simplifiedPolylineCheck(this);" checked="checked" /><br>';

  simplifiedPoints = [];
  var htmlString = "<b>simplified coordinates:</b><br>";
  for (var i=0; i<simplifiedPath.length; i++) {
    var mark = new google.maps.Marker({
       position: simplifiedPath[i],
       map: map,
       icon: {
         url: "https://maps.gstatic.com/intl/en_us/mapfiles/markers2/measle_blue.png",
         size: new google.maps.Size(7,7), 
         anchor: new google.maps.Point(3.5,3.5)
       },
       title: ""+i
    });
    simplifiedPoints.push(mark);
    htmlString += mark.getPosition().toUrlValue(6)+"<br>";
  }
  document.getElementById("simplified_coords").innerHTML = htmlString;

  if (simplifiedPolyline && simplifiedPolyline.setMap) {
    simplifiedPolyline.setMap(null);
  }
  if (snappedPolylines && (snappedPolylines.length > 0)) {
    for (var i=0; i<snappedPolylines.length; i++) {
      snappedPolylines[i].setMap(null);
    }
  }

  simplifiedPolyline = new google.maps.Polyline({
    map: map,
    path: simplifiedPath,
    strokeOpacity: 0.8,
    strokeColor: "#0000FF",
    strokeWidth: 1
  });
  simplifiedPolylines.push(simplifiedPolyline);
  runSnapToRoad(simplifiedPolyline.getPath());

}
// Snap a user-created polyline to roads and draw the snapped path
function runSnapToRoad(path) {
  htmlString = "<b>snapped coordinates:</b><br>";
  document.getElementById('snapped').innerHTML = 'Snapped Markers <input type="checkbox" name="snappedmarks" onclick="snappedPointCheck(this);" checked="checked" /><br>';
  document.getElementById('snapped').innerHTML += 'Snapped Polyline<input type="checkbox" name="snappedpolyline" onclick="snappedPolylineCheck(this);" checked="checked" /><br>';
  var pathValues = [];
  var i;
  for (i = 0; (i < path.getLength() && i < 100); i++) {
    pathValues.push(path.getAt(i).toUrlValue());
  }
  var jqxhr = $.get('https://roads.googleapis.com/v1/snapToRoads', {
    interpolate: true,
    key: apiKey,
    path: pathValues.join('|')
  }, function(data) {
    processSnapToRoadResponse(data);
  })
  .fail(function(jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown ) {
    console.log("error:"+textStatus);
    console.log("errorCode:"+errorThrown.code+" errorMsg:"+errorThrown.message);

    alert( "error requesting points snapped to road\n"+textStatus );
  })
  if (path.getLength() > 100) {
    pathValues = [pathValues[pathValues.length-1]];
    for (; (i < path.getLength() && i < (200-1)); i++) {
      pathValues.push(path.getAt(i).toUrlValue());
    }
    setTimeout(function() {
      var jqxhr2 = $.get('https://roads.googleapis.com/v1/snapToRoads', {
        interpolate: true,
        key: apiKey,
        path: pathValues.join('|')
      }, function(data) {
        processSnapToRoadResponse(data);
      })
      .fail(function( jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown ) {
        console.log("error:"+textStatus);
        console.log("errorCode:"+errorThrown.code+" errorMsg:"+errorThrown.message);
        alert( "error requesting points snapped to road (2)\n"+textStatus );
      })
    }, 5000);
  } else if (path.getLength() > (200-1)) {
    pathValues = [pathValues[pathValues.length-1]];
    for (; (i < path.getLength() && i < (300-2)); i++) {
      pathValues.push(path.getAt(i).toUrlValue());
    }
    setTimeout(function() {
      var jqxhr2 = $.get('https://roads.googleapis.com/v1/snapToRoads', {
        interpolate: true,
        key: apiKey,
        path: pathValues.join('|')
      }, function(data) {
        processSnapToRoadResponse(data);
      })
      .fail(function( jqXHR, textStatus, errorThrown ) {
        console.log("error:"+textStatus);
        console.log("errorCode:"+errorThrown.code+" errorMsg:"+errorThrown.message);
        alert( "error requesting points snapped to road (2)\n"+textStatus );
      })
    }, 10000);
  }
}

// Store snapped polyline returned by the snap-to-road method.
function processSnapToRoadResponse(data) {
  snappedCoordinates = [];
  var placeIdArray = [];

  for (var i = 0; i < data.snappedPoints.length; i++) {
    var latlng = new google.maps.LatLng(
        data.snappedPoints[i].location.latitude,
        data.snappedPoints[i].location.longitude);
    snappedCoordinates.push(latlng);
    placeIdArray.push({placeId: data.snappedPoints[i].placeId,
                       location: latlng,
                       originalIndex: data.snappedPoints[i].originalIndex});
  }
  drawSnappedPolyline(snappedCoordinates, placeIdArray);
}
// Draws the snapped polyline (after processing snap-to-road response).
var snappedPolylines = [];
function drawSnappedPolyline(snappedCoordinates, placeIdArray) {
  var snappedPolyline = new google.maps.Polyline({
    path: snappedCoordinates,
    strokeColor: 'black',
    strokeWeight: 3
  });
  snappedPolylines.push(snappedPolyline);
  for (var i=0; i<snappedCoordinates.length; i++) {
    var mark = new google.maps.Marker({
       position: snappedCoordinates[i],
       map: map,
       icon: {
         url: "https://maps.gstatic.com/intl/en_us/mapfiles/markers2/measle.png",
         size: new google.maps.Size(7,7), 
         anchor: new google.maps.Point(3.5,3.5)
       },
       _index: i,
       title: ""+i
    });
    htmlString += mark.getPosition().toUrlValue(6)+"<br>";

    google.maps.event.addListener(mark, 'click', function(evt){
      infowindow.setContent("mark "+this._index+"<br>origIdx: "+placeIdArray[this._index].originalIndex+"<br>placeId: "+placeIdArray[this._index].placeId+"<br>location: "+placeIdArray[this._index].location);
      infowindow.open(map, this);
    });
    snappedPoints.push(mark);
  }
  snappedPolyline.setMap(map);
  document.getElementById("snapped_coords").innerHTML = htmlString;
}
google.maps.event.addDomListener(window, 'load', initialize);

var snappedPoints = [];
function snappedPointCheck(cb) {
  var arg;
  if (cb.checked) {
    arg=map;
  } else {
    arg=null;
  }
  for (var i=0; i<snappedPoints.length; i++) {
     snappedPoints[i].setMap(arg);
  }
}
function snappedPolylineCheck(cb) {
  for (var i=0; i<snappedPolylines.length; i++) {
    if (cb.checked) {
      snappedPolylines[i].setMap(map);
    } else {
      snappedPolylines[i].setMap(null);
    }
  }
}
function simplifiedPointCheck(cb) {
  var arg;
  if (cb.checked) {
    arg=map;
  } else {
    arg=null;
  }
  for (var i=0; i<simplifiedPoints.length; i++) {
     simplifiedPoints[i].setMap(arg);
  }
}
function simplifiedPolylineCheck(cb) {
  for (var i=0; i<simplifiedPolylines.length; i++) {
    if (cb.checked) {
      simplifiedPolylines[i].setMap(map);
    } else {
      simplifiedPolylines[i].setMap(null);
    }
  }
}
function rawPolylineCheck(cb) {
  if (cb.checked) {
    rawPolyline.setMap(map);
  } else {
    rawPolyline.setMap(null);
  }
}

道格拉斯-普克：

/* Stack-based Douglas Peucker line simplification routine 
   returned is a reduced GLatLng array 
   After code by  Dr. Gary J. Robinson,
   Environmental Systems Science Centre,
   University of Reading, Reading, UK
*/

function GDouglasPeucker (source, kink)
/* source[] Input coordinates in GLatLngs   */
/* kink in metres, kinks above this depth kept  */
/* kink depth is the height of the triangle abc where a-b and b-c are two consecutive line segments */
{
    var n_source, n_stack, n_dest, start, end, i, sig;    
    var dev_sqr, max_dev_sqr, band_sqr;
    var x12, y12, d12, x13, y13, d13, x23, y23, d23;
    var F = ((Math.PI / 180.0) * 0.5 );
    var index = new Array(); /* aray of indexes of source points to include in the reduced line */
    var sig_start = new Array(); /* indices of start & end of working section */
    var sig_end = new Array();  

    /* check for simple cases */

    if ( source.length < 3 ) 
        return(source);    /* one or two points */

    /* more complex case. initialize stack */

    n_source = source.length;
    band_sqr = kink * 360.0 / (2.0 * Math.PI * 6378137.0);  /* Now in degrees */
    band_sqr *= band_sqr;
    n_dest = 0;
    sig_start[0] = 0;
    sig_end[0] = n_source-1;
    n_stack = 1;

    /* while the stack is not empty  ... */
    while ( n_stack > 0 ){

        /* ... pop the top-most entries off the stacks */

        start = sig_start[n_stack-1];
        end = sig_end[n_stack-1];
        n_stack--;

        if ( (end - start) > 1 ){  /* any intermediate points ? */        

                /* ... yes, so find most deviant intermediate point to
                       either side of line joining start & end points */                                   

            x12 = (source[end].lng() - source[start].lng());
            y12 = (source[end].lat() - source[start].lat());
            if (Math.abs(x12) > 180.0) 
                x12 = 360.0 - Math.abs(x12);
            x12 *= Math.cos(F * (source[end].lat() + source[start].lat()));/* use avg lat to reduce lng */
            d12 = (x12*x12) + (y12*y12);

            for ( i = start + 1, sig = start, max_dev_sqr = -1.0; i < end; i++ ){                                    

                x13 = (source[i].lng() - source[start].lng());
                y13 = (source[i].lat() - source[start].lat());
                if (Math.abs(x13) > 180.0) 
                    x13 = 360.0 - Math.abs(x13);
                x13 *= Math.cos (F * (source[i].lat() + source[start].lat()));
                d13 = (x13*x13) + (y13*y13);

                x23 = (source[i].lng() - source[end].lng());
                y23 = (source[i].lat() - source[end].lat());
                if (Math.abs(x23) > 180.0) 
                    x23 = 360.0 - Math.abs(x23);
                x23 *= Math.cos(F * (source[i].lat() + source[end].lat()));
                d23 = (x23*x23) + (y23*y23);

                if ( d13 >= ( d12 + d23 ) )
                    dev_sqr = d23;
                else if ( d23 >= ( d12 + d13 ) )
                    dev_sqr = d13;
                else
                    dev_sqr = (x13 * y12 - y13 * x12) * (x13 * y12 - y13 * x12) / d12;// solve triangle

                if ( dev_sqr > max_dev_sqr  ){
                    sig = i;
                    max_dev_sqr = dev_sqr;
                }
            }

            if ( max_dev_sqr < band_sqr ){   /* is there a sig. intermediate point ? */
                /* ... no, so transfer current start point */
                index[n_dest] = start;
                n_dest++;
            }
            else{
                /* ... yes, so push two sub-sections on stack for further processing */
                n_stack++;
                sig_start[n_stack-1] = sig;
                sig_end[n_stack-1] = end;
                n_stack++;
                sig_start[n_stack-1] = start;
                sig_end[n_stack-1] = sig;
            }
        }
        else{
                /* ... no intermediate points, so transfer current start point */
                index[n_dest] = start;
                n_dest++;
        }
    }

    /* transfer last point */
    index[n_dest] = n_source-1;
    n_dest++;

    /* make return array */
    var r = new Array();
    for(var i=0; i < n_dest; i++)
        r.push(source[index[i]]);
    return r;

}

从 GPS 捕捉到道路的 GEO 位置绘制路径

draw a path from GEO locations from GPS snapped to road

javascript

php

google-maps

leaflet

osrm