如何使用 Fetch POST x-www-form-urlencoded 请求?
How do I POST a x-www-form-urlencoded request using Fetch?
我有一些参数想POST形式编码到我的服务器:
{
'userName': 'test@gmail.com',
'password': 'Password!',
'grant_type': 'password'
}
我正在像这样发送我的请求(目前没有参数)
var obj = {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
},
};
fetch('https://example.com/login', obj)
.then(function(res) {
// Do stuff with result
});
如何在请求中包含表单编码参数?
在原始示例中,您有一个 transformRequest
函数,可将对象转换为表单编码数据。
在修改后的示例中,您已将其替换为 JSON.stringify
,它将对象转换为 JSON。
在这两种情况下你都'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'
所以你声称在这两种情况下发送表单编码数据。
使用表单编码函数代替 JSON.stringify
。
重新更新:
在您的第一个 fetch
示例中,您将 body
设置为 JSON 值。
现在您已经创建了一个表单编码版本,但是您没有将 body
设置为该值,而是创建了一个新对象并将表单编码数据设置为该值的 属性对象。
不要创建那个额外的对象。只需将您的值分配给 body
。
对于上传表单编码的 POST 请求,我建议使用 FormData 对象。
示例代码:
var params = {
userName: 'test@gmail.com',
password: 'Password!',
grant_type: 'password'
};
var formData = new FormData();
for (var k in params) {
formData.append(k, params[k]);
}
var request = {
method: 'POST',
headers: headers,
body: formData
};
fetch(url, request);
您必须自己将 x-www-form-urlencoded 有效负载放在一起,如下所示:
var details = {
'userName': 'test@gmail.com',
'password': 'Password!',
'grant_type': 'password'
};
var formBody = [];
for (var property in details) {
var encodedKey = encodeURIComponent(property);
var encodedValue = encodeURIComponent(details[property]);
formBody.push(encodedKey + "=" + encodedValue);
}
formBody = formBody.join("&");
fetch('https://example.com/login', {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8'
},
body: formBody
})
请注意,如果您在(足够现代的)浏览器中使用 fetch
,而不是 React Native,您可以创建一个 URLSearchParams
object and use that as the body, since the Fetch Standard states that if the body
is a URLSearchParams
object then it should be serialised as application/x-www-form-urlencoded
. However, you can't do this in React Native because React Native does not implement URLSearchParams
。
使用URLSearchParams
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URLSearchParams
var data = new URLSearchParams();
data.append('userName', 'test@gmail.com');
data.append('password', 'Password');
data.append('grant_type', 'password');
只需使用
import qs from "qs";
let data = {
'profileId': this.props.screenProps[0],
'accountId': this.props.screenProps[1],
'accessToken': this.props.screenProps[2],
'itemId': this.itemId
};
return axios.post(METHOD_WALL_GET, qs.stringify(data))
如果您正在使用 JQuery,这也适用..
fetch(url, {
method: 'POST',
body: $.param(data),
headers:{
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
}
})
根据 the spec,使用 encodeURIComponent
不会为您提供符合要求的查询字符串。它指出:
- Control names and values are escaped. Space characters are replaced by
+
, and then reserved characters are escaped as described in [RFC1738], section 2.2: Non-alphanumeric characters are replaced by %HH
, a percent sign and two hexadecimal digits representing the ASCII code of the character. Line breaks are represented as "CR LF" pairs (i.e., %0D%0A
).
- The control names/values are listed in the order they appear in the document. The name is separated from the value by
=
and name/value pairs are separated from each other by &
.
问题是,encodeURIComponent
将空格编码为 %20
,而不是 +
。
应使用其他答案中显示的 encodeURIComponent
方法的变体对表单主体进行编码。
const formUrlEncode = str => {
return str.replace(/[^\d\w]/g, char => {
return char === " "
? "+"
: encodeURIComponent(char);
})
}
const data = {foo: "bar߃©˙∑ baz", boom: "pow"};
const dataPairs = Object.keys(data).map( key => {
const val = data[key];
return (formUrlEncode(key) + "=" + formUrlEncode(val));
}).join("&");
// dataPairs is "foo=bar%C3%9F%C6%92%C2%A9%CB%99%E2%88%91++baz&boom=pow"
只是这样做了,UrlSearchParams 就成功了
这是我的代码,如果它可以帮助某人
import 'url-search-params-polyfill';
const userLogsInOptions = (username, password) => {
// const formData = new FormData();
const formData = new URLSearchParams();
formData.append('grant_type', 'password');
formData.append('client_id', 'entrance-app');
formData.append('username', username);
formData.append('password', password);
return (
{
method: 'POST',
headers: {
// "Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8",
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
},
body: formData.toString(),
json: true,
}
);
};
const getUserUnlockToken = async (username, password) => {
const userLoginUri = `${scheme}://${host}/auth/realms/${realm}/protocol/openid-connect/token`;
const response = await fetch(
userLoginUri,
userLogsInOptions(username, password),
);
const responseJson = await response.json();
console.log('acces_token ', responseJson.access_token);
if (responseJson.error) {
console.error('error ', responseJson.error);
}
console.log('json ', responseJson);
return responseJson.access_token;
};
更简单:
fetch('https://example.com/login', {
method: 'POST',
headers:{
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
},
body: new URLSearchParams({
'userName': 'test@gmail.com',
'password': 'Password!',
'grant_type': 'password'
})
});
文档:https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WindowOrWorkerGlobalScope/fetch
*/ import this statement */
import qs from 'querystring'
fetch("*your url*", {
method: 'POST',
headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8'},
body: qs.stringify({
username: "akshita",
password: "123456",
})
}).then((response) => response.json())
.then((responseData) => {
alert(JSON.stringify(responseData))
})
使用 npm i querystring --save 后,它工作正常。
var details = {
'userName': 'test@gmail.com',
'password': 'Password!',
'grant_type': 'password'
};
var formBody = [];
for (var property in details) {
var encodedKey = encodeURIComponent(property);
var encodedValue = encodeURIComponent(details[property]);
formBody.push(encodedKey + "=" + encodedValue);
}
formBody = formBody.join("&");
fetch('http://identity.azurewebsites.net' + '/token', {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Accept': 'application/json',
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
},
body: formBody
})
它对我很有帮助并且没有任何错误
参考:https://gist.github.com/milon87/f391e54e64e32e1626235d4dc4d16dc8
你可以使用更简单的react-native-easy-app来发送http请求和制定拦截请求
import { XHttp } from 'react-native-easy-app';
* Synchronous request
const params = {name:'rufeng',age:20}
const response = await XHttp().url(url).param(params).formEncoded().execute('GET');
const {success, json, message, status} = response;
* Asynchronous requests
XHttp().url(url).param(params).formEncoded().get((success, json, message, status)=>{
if (success){
this.setState({content: JSON.stringify(json)});
} else {
showToast(msg);
}
});
无需使用 jQuery、querystring
或手动 assemble 负载。 URLSearchParams
是一种可行的方法,这里是包含完整请求示例的最简洁的答案之一:
fetch('https://example.com/login', {
method: 'POST',
body: new URLSearchParams({
param: 'Some value',
anotherParam: 'Another value'
})
})
.then(response => {
// Do stuff with the response
});
使用 async
/ await
的相同技术。
const login = async () => {
const response = await fetch('https://example.com/login', {
method: 'POST',
body: new URLSearchParams({
param: 'Some value',
anotherParam: 'Another value'
})
})
// Do stuff with the response
}
是的,您可以使用 Axios 或任何其他 HTTP 客户端库来代替本机 fetch
。
正文设置如下
var reqBody = "username="+username+"&password="+password+"&grant_type=password";
然后
fetch('url', {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
//'Authorization': 'Bearer token',
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'
},
body: reqBody
}).then((response) => response.json())
.then((responseData) => {
console.log(JSON.stringify(responseData));
}).catch(err=>{console.log(err)})
包装fetch
在一个简单的函数中
async function post_www_url_encdoded(url, data) {
const body = new URLSearchParams();
for (let key in data) {
body.append(key, data[key]);
}
return await fetch(url, { method: "POST", body });
}
const response = await post_www_url_encdoded("https://example.com/login", {
"name":"ali",
"password": "1234"});
if (response.ok){ console.log("posted!"); }
您可以使用 FormData
和 URLSearchParams
到 post 作为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded
,示例如下:
如果你有表格:
<form>
<input name="username" type="text" />
<input name="password" type="password" />
<button type="submit">login</button>
</form>
您可以添加使用下面的JS提交表单。
const form = document.querySelector("form");
form.addEventListener("submit", async () => {
const formData = new FormData(form);
try {
await fetch("https://example.com/login", {
method: "POST",
headers: {
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
},
body: new URLSearchParams(formData),
});
} catch (err) {
console.log(err);
}
});
您可以使用 UrlSearchParams,然后像这样执行 toString():
这是一个简单的方法:
fetch('https://example.com/login', {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'
},
body: new UrlSearchParams({
'userName': 'test@gmail.com',
'password': 'Password!',
'grant_type': 'password'
})
.toString()
})
.then(res => {
//Deal with response:
})
我有一些参数想POST形式编码到我的服务器:
{
'userName': 'test@gmail.com',
'password': 'Password!',
'grant_type': 'password'
}
我正在像这样发送我的请求(目前没有参数)
var obj = {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8',
},
};
fetch('https://example.com/login', obj)
.then(function(res) {
// Do stuff with result
});
如何在请求中包含表单编码参数?
在原始示例中,您有一个 transformRequest
函数,可将对象转换为表单编码数据。
在修改后的示例中,您已将其替换为 JSON.stringify
,它将对象转换为 JSON。
在这两种情况下你都'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'
所以你声称在这两种情况下发送表单编码数据。
使用表单编码函数代替 JSON.stringify
。
重新更新:
在您的第一个 fetch
示例中,您将 body
设置为 JSON 值。
现在您已经创建了一个表单编码版本,但是您没有将 body
设置为该值,而是创建了一个新对象并将表单编码数据设置为该值的 属性对象。
不要创建那个额外的对象。只需将您的值分配给 body
。
对于上传表单编码的 POST 请求,我建议使用 FormData 对象。
示例代码:
var params = {
userName: 'test@gmail.com',
password: 'Password!',
grant_type: 'password'
};
var formData = new FormData();
for (var k in params) {
formData.append(k, params[k]);
}
var request = {
method: 'POST',
headers: headers,
body: formData
};
fetch(url, request);
您必须自己将 x-www-form-urlencoded 有效负载放在一起,如下所示:
var details = {
'userName': 'test@gmail.com',
'password': 'Password!',
'grant_type': 'password'
};
var formBody = [];
for (var property in details) {
var encodedKey = encodeURIComponent(property);
var encodedValue = encodeURIComponent(details[property]);
formBody.push(encodedKey + "=" + encodedValue);
}
formBody = formBody.join("&");
fetch('https://example.com/login', {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8'
},
body: formBody
})
请注意,如果您在(足够现代的)浏览器中使用 fetch
,而不是 React Native,您可以创建一个 URLSearchParams
object and use that as the body, since the Fetch Standard states that if the body
is a URLSearchParams
object then it should be serialised as application/x-www-form-urlencoded
. However, you can't do this in React Native because React Native does not implement URLSearchParams
。
使用URLSearchParams
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/URLSearchParams
var data = new URLSearchParams();
data.append('userName', 'test@gmail.com');
data.append('password', 'Password');
data.append('grant_type', 'password');
只需使用
import qs from "qs";
let data = {
'profileId': this.props.screenProps[0],
'accountId': this.props.screenProps[1],
'accessToken': this.props.screenProps[2],
'itemId': this.itemId
};
return axios.post(METHOD_WALL_GET, qs.stringify(data))
如果您正在使用 JQuery,这也适用..
fetch(url, {
method: 'POST',
body: $.param(data),
headers:{
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
}
})
根据 the spec,使用 encodeURIComponent
不会为您提供符合要求的查询字符串。它指出:
- Control names and values are escaped. Space characters are replaced by
+
, and then reserved characters are escaped as described in [RFC1738], section 2.2: Non-alphanumeric characters are replaced by%HH
, a percent sign and two hexadecimal digits representing the ASCII code of the character. Line breaks are represented as "CR LF" pairs (i.e.,%0D%0A
).- The control names/values are listed in the order they appear in the document. The name is separated from the value by
=
and name/value pairs are separated from each other by&
.
问题是,encodeURIComponent
将空格编码为 %20
,而不是 +
。
应使用其他答案中显示的 encodeURIComponent
方法的变体对表单主体进行编码。
const formUrlEncode = str => {
return str.replace(/[^\d\w]/g, char => {
return char === " "
? "+"
: encodeURIComponent(char);
})
}
const data = {foo: "bar߃©˙∑ baz", boom: "pow"};
const dataPairs = Object.keys(data).map( key => {
const val = data[key];
return (formUrlEncode(key) + "=" + formUrlEncode(val));
}).join("&");
// dataPairs is "foo=bar%C3%9F%C6%92%C2%A9%CB%99%E2%88%91++baz&boom=pow"
只是这样做了,UrlSearchParams 就成功了 这是我的代码,如果它可以帮助某人
import 'url-search-params-polyfill';
const userLogsInOptions = (username, password) => {
// const formData = new FormData();
const formData = new URLSearchParams();
formData.append('grant_type', 'password');
formData.append('client_id', 'entrance-app');
formData.append('username', username);
formData.append('password', password);
return (
{
method: 'POST',
headers: {
// "Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8",
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
},
body: formData.toString(),
json: true,
}
);
};
const getUserUnlockToken = async (username, password) => {
const userLoginUri = `${scheme}://${host}/auth/realms/${realm}/protocol/openid-connect/token`;
const response = await fetch(
userLoginUri,
userLogsInOptions(username, password),
);
const responseJson = await response.json();
console.log('acces_token ', responseJson.access_token);
if (responseJson.error) {
console.error('error ', responseJson.error);
}
console.log('json ', responseJson);
return responseJson.access_token;
};
更简单:
fetch('https://example.com/login', {
method: 'POST',
headers:{
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
},
body: new URLSearchParams({
'userName': 'test@gmail.com',
'password': 'Password!',
'grant_type': 'password'
})
});
文档:https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/WindowOrWorkerGlobalScope/fetch
*/ import this statement */
import qs from 'querystring'
fetch("*your url*", {
method: 'POST',
headers: {'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8'},
body: qs.stringify({
username: "akshita",
password: "123456",
})
}).then((response) => response.json())
.then((responseData) => {
alert(JSON.stringify(responseData))
})
使用 npm i querystring --save 后,它工作正常。
var details = {
'userName': 'test@gmail.com',
'password': 'Password!',
'grant_type': 'password'
};
var formBody = [];
for (var property in details) {
var encodedKey = encodeURIComponent(property);
var encodedValue = encodeURIComponent(details[property]);
formBody.push(encodedKey + "=" + encodedValue);
}
formBody = formBody.join("&");
fetch('http://identity.azurewebsites.net' + '/token', {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Accept': 'application/json',
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
},
body: formBody
})
它对我很有帮助并且没有任何错误
参考:https://gist.github.com/milon87/f391e54e64e32e1626235d4dc4d16dc8
你可以使用更简单的react-native-easy-app来发送http请求和制定拦截请求
import { XHttp } from 'react-native-easy-app';
* Synchronous request
const params = {name:'rufeng',age:20}
const response = await XHttp().url(url).param(params).formEncoded().execute('GET');
const {success, json, message, status} = response;
* Asynchronous requests
XHttp().url(url).param(params).formEncoded().get((success, json, message, status)=>{
if (success){
this.setState({content: JSON.stringify(json)});
} else {
showToast(msg);
}
});
无需使用 jQuery、querystring
或手动 assemble 负载。 URLSearchParams
是一种可行的方法,这里是包含完整请求示例的最简洁的答案之一:
fetch('https://example.com/login', {
method: 'POST',
body: new URLSearchParams({
param: 'Some value',
anotherParam: 'Another value'
})
})
.then(response => {
// Do stuff with the response
});
使用 async
/ await
的相同技术。
const login = async () => {
const response = await fetch('https://example.com/login', {
method: 'POST',
body: new URLSearchParams({
param: 'Some value',
anotherParam: 'Another value'
})
})
// Do stuff with the response
}
是的,您可以使用 Axios 或任何其他 HTTP 客户端库来代替本机 fetch
。
正文设置如下
var reqBody = "username="+username+"&password="+password+"&grant_type=password";
然后
fetch('url', {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
//'Authorization': 'Bearer token',
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'
},
body: reqBody
}).then((response) => response.json())
.then((responseData) => {
console.log(JSON.stringify(responseData));
}).catch(err=>{console.log(err)})
包装fetch
在一个简单的函数中
async function post_www_url_encdoded(url, data) {
const body = new URLSearchParams();
for (let key in data) {
body.append(key, data[key]);
}
return await fetch(url, { method: "POST", body });
}
const response = await post_www_url_encdoded("https://example.com/login", {
"name":"ali",
"password": "1234"});
if (response.ok){ console.log("posted!"); }
您可以使用 FormData
和 URLSearchParams
到 post 作为 application/x-www-form-urlencoded
,示例如下:
如果你有表格:
<form>
<input name="username" type="text" />
<input name="password" type="password" />
<button type="submit">login</button>
</form>
您可以添加使用下面的JS提交表单。
const form = document.querySelector("form");
form.addEventListener("submit", async () => {
const formData = new FormData(form);
try {
await fetch("https://example.com/login", {
method: "POST",
headers: {
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
},
body: new URLSearchParams(formData),
});
} catch (err) {
console.log(err);
}
});
您可以使用 UrlSearchParams,然后像这样执行 toString():
这是一个简单的方法:
fetch('https://example.com/login', {
method: 'POST',
headers: {
'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8'
},
body: new UrlSearchParams({
'userName': 'test@gmail.com',
'password': 'Password!',
'grant_type': 'password'
})
.toString()
})
.then(res => {
//Deal with response:
})