C++ 断言语句导致段错误

Question

我试图理解函子。我从 functors and their uses.

借用并修改了以下程序

#include <iostream>                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
#include <vector>
#include <assert.h>
#include <algorithm>

/*
 * A functor is pretty much just a class which defines the operator(). 
 * That lets you create objects which "look like" a function
 **/
struct add_x
{
    add_x(int y) : x(y) 
    {   

    }   
    int operator()(int y) const {
        return x + y;
    }   

private:
    int x;
};

int main()
{
    /* create an instance of the functor class*/
    add_x add42(42);
    /* and "call" it */
    int i = add42(8); 
    /*and it added 42 to its argument*/
    assert(i == 50); 

    /*assume this contains a bunch of values*/
    std::vector<int> in; 
    std::vector<int> out(in.size());
    /*  
     * Pass a functor to std::transform, which calls the functor on every element
     * in the input sequence, and stores the result to the output sequence
     */
    std::transform(in.begin(), in.end(), out.begin(), add_x(1));
    /*for all i*/
    assert(out[i] == (in[i] + 1)); 
    return 0;
}

我在 main() 的第二个断言语句中遇到分段错误。 (assert(out[i] == (in[i] + 1));)我似乎不明白为什么？

Answer 1

in.size() 将 return 0 因为您还没有添加任何内容。这意味着 out 被初始化为空向量。

out[i] 将尝试访问不存在的向量的第 51 个元素（因为 STL 索引是从零开始的），因此会出现段错误。

评论 /*assume this contains a bunch of values*/ 没有帮助，因为您的代码没有显示 in 包含任何内容。

使用 vector(size_t n, const value_type& val) 构造函数重载为向量提供初始值以修复此错误：

using namespace std;

...

vector<int> in(51, 0); // initializes the vector with 51 values of zero
vector<int> out( in.size() ); // 51
...

assert( out[i] == int[i] + 1 );

C++ 断言语句导致段错误

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