如何在没有卡的情况下向智能卡 reader（而不是智能卡）发送命令？

Question

前言：

我有一张双界面智能卡 reader，它具有一些扩展功能（除了向卡发送 APDU 命令和接收 APDU 响应之外）。

例如在其文档中提到您可以使用以下命令获取 reader 的固件版本：

GET_FIRMWARE_VERSION: FF 69 44 42 05 68 92 00 05 00

在它的工具中，有一个用于此功能的按钮并且可以正常使用：

我什至嗅探了 USB 端口以查看在我的 PC 和我的 reader 之间的连接中为这个功能到底交换了什么：

命令：

回复：

问题：

我想使用其他工具或通过代码获取我的 reader 版本（并可能发送其他扩展命令），但我必须在卡中插入一张卡 reader 才能发送命令，否则我会收到 No Card Present 异常，而我不想向卡发送命令！（reader 工具成功回答 GET_FIRMWARE_VERSION 而 reader 的插槽中没有可用的卡）

到目前为止我做了什么：

1.I 尝试了一些工具，包括 OpenSCTool 、PyAPDUTool 和另一个 reader 的工具。 2.I 编写了以下 python 脚本来发送扩展命令。

#--- Importing required modules.
import sys
import time
sys.path.append("D:\PythonX\Lib\site-packages")
from smartcard.scard import *
import smartcard.util
from smartcard.System import readers


#---This is the list of commands that we want to send device
cmds =[[,0xFF,0x69,0x44,0x42,0x05,0x68,0x92,0x00,0x04,0x00],]


#--- Let's to make a connection to the card reader
r=readers()
print "Available Readers :",r
print
target_reader = input("--- Select Reader (0, 1 , ...): ")
print

while(True):
    try:
        print "Using :",r[target_reader]
        reader = r[target_reader]
        connection=reader.createConnection()
        connection.connect()
        break
    except:
        print "--- Exception occured! (Wrong reader or No card present)"
        ans = raw_input("--- Try again? (0:Exit/1:Again/2:Change Reader)")
        if int(ans)==0:
            exit()
        elif int(ans)==2:
            target_reader = input("Select Reader (0, 1 , ...): ")

#--- An struct for APDU responses consist of Data, SW1 and SW2
class stru:
    def __init__(self):
        self.data = list()
        self.sw1 = 0
        self.sw2 = 0

resp = stru()

def send(cmds):
    for cmd in cmds:

        #--- Following 5 line added to have a good format of command in the output.
        temp = stru() ;
        temp.data[:]=cmd[:]
        temp.sw1=12
        temp.sw2=32
        modifyFormat(temp)
        print "req: ", temp.data

        resp.data,resp.sw1,resp.sw2 = connection.transmit(cmd)
        modifyFormat(resp)
        printResponse(resp)

def modifyFormat(resp):
    resp.sw1=hex(resp.sw1)
    resp.sw2=hex(resp.sw2)   
    if (len(resp.sw2)<4):
        resp.sw2=resp.sw2[0:2]+'0'+resp.sw2[2]
    for i in range(0,len(resp.data)):
        resp.data[i]=hex(resp.data[i])
        if (len(resp.data[i])<4):
            resp.data[i]=resp.data[i][0:2]+'0'+resp.data[i][2]

def printResponse(resp):
    print "res: ", resp.data,resp.sw1,resp.sw2


send(cmds)
connection.disconnect()

输出：

>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
Available Readers : ['CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR RF 0', 'CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR SAM 0']

--- Select Reader (0, 1 , ...): 0

Using : CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR RF 0
--- Exception occured! (Wrong reader or No card present)
--- Try again? (0:Exit/1:Again/2:Change Reader)

>>> ================================ RESTART ================================
Available Readers : ['CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR RF 0', 'CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR SAM 0']

--- Select Reader (0, 1 , ...): 1

Using : CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR SAM 0
--- Exception occured! (Wrong reader or No card present)
--- Try again? (0:Exit/1:Again/2:Change Reader)

但是两者都有上述问题！

问题：

1- 如何在没有可用卡的情况下向 reader 发送扩展命令？

2- 为什么我在嗅探数据中看不到命令 header？（请注意，由于 Header 是所有扩展命令的 pre-designated 固定值，我认为 reader 工具不会发送带有 GET_FIRMWARE_VERSION 命令的 header而且它只发送数据！但它是如何工作的？）

更新：

通过反复试验，我发现了一些有用的东西。

假设：

Pseudo-APDUs固定header=FF 69 44 42
Pseudo-APDU 数据字段 GET_READER_FIRMWARE_VERSION = 68 92 00 04 00
Pseudo-APDU 数据字段 CHANGE_SAM_SLOT = 68 92 01 00 03 XX 00 00 (我的reader有两个SAM插槽，所以XX可以是01或02)
SELECT APDU 命令=00 A4 04 00 00

好的，我写了下面的Java程序：

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;
import javax.smartcardio.Card;
import javax.smartcardio.CardChannel;
import javax.smartcardio.CardException;
import javax.smartcardio.CardTerminal;
import javax.smartcardio.CommandAPDU;
import javax.smartcardio.ResponseAPDU;
import javax.smartcardio.TerminalFactory;
import javax.xml.bind.DatatypeConverter;

public class TestPCSC {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws CardException {

        TerminalFactory tf = TerminalFactory.getDefault();
        List< CardTerminal> terminals = tf.terminals().list();
        System.out.println("Available Readers:");
        System.out.println(terminals + "\n");

        Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print("Which reader do you want to send your commands to? (0 or 1 or ...): ");
        String input = scanner.nextLine();
        int readerNum = Integer.parseInt(input);
        CardTerminal cardTerminal = (CardTerminal) terminals.get(readerNum);
        Card connection = cardTerminal.connect("DIRECT");
        CardChannel cardChannel = connection.getBasicChannel();

        System.out.println("Write your commands in Hex form, without '0x' or Space charaters.");
        System.out.println("\n---------------------------------------------------");
        System.out.println("Pseudo-APDU Mode:");
        System.out.println("---------------------------------------------------");
        while (true) {
            System.out.println("Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)");
            String cmd = scanner.nextLine();
            if (cmd.equals("0")) {
                break;
            }
            System.out.println("Command  : " + cmd);
            byte[] cmdArray = hexStringToByteArray(cmd);
            byte[] resp = connection.transmitControlCommand(CONTROL_CODE(), cmdArray);
            String hex = DatatypeConverter.printHexBinary(resp);
            System.out.println("Response : " + hex + "\n");
        }

        System.out.println("\n---------------------------------------------------");
        System.out.println("APDU Mode:");
        System.out.println("---------------------------------------------------");

        while (true) {
            System.out.println("APDU command: (Enter 0 to exit)");
            String cmd = scanner.nextLine();
            if (cmd.equals("0")) {
                break;
            }
            System.out.println("Command  : " + cmd);
            byte[] cmdArray = hexStringToByteArray(cmd);
            ResponseAPDU resp = cardChannel.transmit(new CommandAPDU(cmdArray));
            byte[] respB = resp.getBytes();
            String hex = DatatypeConverter.printHexBinary(respB);
            System.out.println("Response : " + hex + "\n");
        }

        connection.disconnect(true);

    }

    public static int CONTROL_CODE() {
        String osName = System.getProperty("os.name").toLowerCase();
        if (osName.indexOf("windows") > -1) {
            /* Value used by both MS' CCID driver and SpringCard's CCID driver */
            return (0x31 << 16 | 3500 << 2);
        } else {
            /* Value used by PCSC-Lite */
            return 0x42000000 + 1;
        }

    }

    public static byte[] hexStringToByteArray(String s) {
        int len = s.length();
        byte[] data = new byte[len / 2];
        for (int i = 0; i < len; i += 2) {
            data[i / 2] = (byte) ((Character.digit(s.charAt(i), 16) << 4)
                    + Character.digit(s.charAt(i + 1), 16));
        }
        return data;
    }

}

在上面的程序中，我可以使用 connection.transmitControlCommand 和 cardChannel.transmit() 方法向我的 reader 发送命令。关键是，所有使用第一种方法发送到 reader 的命令都被假定为 Pseudo-APDU 命令，我不应该为它们使用 Psedo-APDU header！所有使用第二种方法发送到 reader 的命令都被假定为常规 APDU 命令，因此如果我需要通过第二种方法发送 Pseudo-APDU 命令，我必须添加 Pseudo-APDU header 给它。

让我们看看 contact-less reader:

的输出

run:
Available Readers:
[PC/SC terminal ACS ACR122 0, 
PC/SC terminal CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR RF 0,
PC/SC terminal CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR SAM 0]

Which reader do you want to send your commands to? (0 or 1 or ...): 1
Write your commands in Hex form, without '0x' or Space charaters.

---------------------------------------------------
Pseudo-APDU Mode:
---------------------------------------------------
Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
00A4040000
Command  : 00A4040000
Response : 6800
//Based on reader's documents, 0x6800 means "Class byte is not correct"
//As I have a regular java card in the RF field of my  reader, I conclude that 
//this response is Reader's response (and not card response)

Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
6892000400
Command  : 6892000400
Response : 433630335F435A375F425F31353038323100039000

Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
FF694442056892000400
Command  : FF694442056892000400
Response : 6800
//Pseudo-APDU commands doesn't work in Pseudo-APDU mode if I add the Pseudo-APDU header to them. 

Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
00A4040000
Command  : 00A4040000
Response : 6800

Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
0

---------------------------------------------------
APDU Mode:
---------------------------------------------------
APDU command: (Enter 0 to exit)
00A4040000
Command  : 00A4040000
Response : 6F198408A000000018434D00A50D9F6E061291921101009F6501FF9000

APDU command: (Enter 0 to exit)
6892000400
Command  : 6892000400
Response : 6E00
//This is the response of my card. I can't receive Firmware version in APDU mode using this command without Pseudo-APDU header. 

APDU command: (Enter 0 to exit)
FF694442056892000400
Command  : FF694442056892000400
Response : 433630335F435A375F425F31353038323100099000
//I successfully received Firmware version in APDU mode using the fixed Pseudo-APDU header.

APDU command: (Enter 0 to exit)
00A4040000
Command  : 00A4040000
Response : 6F198408A000000018434D00A50D9F6E061291921101009F6501FF9000

APDU command: (Enter 0 to exit)
0
BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 1 minute 36 seconds)

还有问题吗？

是的，两个问题！:

1-上面的程序只在第一个运行上运行良好。我的意思是，如果我停止运行ning 并重新运行它，第二种方法会抛出异常：

run:
Available Readers:
[PC/SC terminal ACS ACR122 0, PC/SC terminal CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR RF 0, PC/SC terminal CREATOR CRT-603 (CZ1) CCR SAM 0]

Which reader do you want to send your commands to? (0 or 1 or ...): 1
Write your commands in Hex form, without '0x' or Space charaters.

---------------------------------------------------
Pseudo-APDU Mode:
---------------------------------------------------

Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
00A4040000
Command  : 00A4040000
Response : 6800

Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
FF694442056892000400
Command  : FF694442056892000400
Response : 6800

Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
6892000400
Command  : 6892000400
Response : 433630335F435A375F425F31353038323100049000

Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
00A4040000
Command  : 00A4040000
Response : 6800

Pseudo-APDU command: (Enter 0 to send APDU command)
0

---------------------------------------------------
APDU Mode:
---------------------------------------------------
APDU command: (Enter 0 to exit)
00A4040000
Command  : 00A4040000
Exception in thread "main" javax.smartcardio.CardException: sun.security.smartcardio.PCSCException: Unknown error 0x16
    at sun.security.smartcardio.ChannelImpl.doTransmit(ChannelImpl.java:219)
    at sun.security.smartcardio.ChannelImpl.transmit(ChannelImpl.java:90)
    at TestPCSC.main(TestPCSC.java:58)
Caused by: sun.security.smartcardio.PCSCException: Unknown error 0x16
    at sun.security.smartcardio.PCSC.SCardTransmit(Native Method)
    at sun.security.smartcardio.ChannelImpl.doTransmit(ChannelImpl.java:188)
    ... 2 more
Java Result: 1
BUILD SUCCESSFUL (total time: 39 seconds)

正如你在上面看到的，我不能再使用第二种方法了，我需要 power-off 和 reader 并再次打开电源才能使其再次正常工作。

2-联系人界面（我指的是 SAM reader）总是抛出先前的异常！我的意思是第二种方法根本不起作用（第一种运行，第二种和第三种 ....）

注意我尝试了不同的readers，看来这不仅限于此reader。一些ACS reader也有与re运行

类似或完全相同的问题

有人知道吗？

作为附带问题，Python 是否有像 Java 一样发送 Pseudo-APDU 的相同方法？

最后，从Reader的角度来看，connection.transmitControlCommand和cardChannel.transmit()方法有什么区别？

Answer 1

当您停止"Smart Card"服务时，该工具是否仍然是return固件版本？如果是，则该工具可能会使用原始 IOCTL 命令 (DeviceIoControl) 与驱动程序通信。

也看看this question。作者说你必须设置 SCARD_PROTOCOL_UNDEFINED 作为协议参数：

SCardConnect(hSC,
             readerState.szReader,
             SCARD_SHARE_DIRECT,
             SCARD_PROTOCOL_UNDEFINED,
             &hCH,
             &dwAP
            );

我刚刚试过了，它似乎至少对 Windows 10 有效。没有插入卡也可以通信。不过我没有测试其他 Windows 版本。

Answer 2

readers() 是可用读者的数组索引

reader = r[target_reader]

转换

reader = r[int(target_reader)]

输出

Available Readers : ['JAVACOS Virtual Contact Reader 0', 'JAVACOS Virtual Contactless Reader 1', 'OMNIKEY CardMan 3x21 0']
--- Select Reader (0, 1 , ...): 2
Using : OMNIKEY CardMan 3x21 0
ATR :  3B 9E 94 80 1F 47 80 31 A0 73 BE 21 13 66 86 88 02 14 4B 10 19

如何在没有卡的情况下向智能卡 reader（而不是智能卡）发送命令？

How to send commands to smart card reader (and not to the smart card) while no card present?

apdu

javacard

smartcard-reader

pyscard