PHP 类 - 样板还是继承?

PHP classes - boilerplate or inherit?

免责声明:我有点菜鸟,只做了 PHP 不到一年,而 OO PHP 还不到一年。

我正在写几个 类,它们都具有一些相同的功能。这是我的样板代码:

class ClassName {

   // required constructor arguments
   private $arg1;

   // optional arguments in an array. $options array specifies their names
   // and required types. '' means any type.
   private $options = array('option1'=>'type', 'option2'=>'');
   private $option1 = 'default_value';
   private $option2 = 'default_value';

   /* getters and setters would go here if I wanted them */

   // this would probably change after debugging
   public function __toString() {
      return print_r(get_object_vars($this), true); 
   }

   public function __construct($arg1, array $options = array()) {
      // set all required args
      $this->arg1 = $arg1;
      // cycle through $options array, check they are allowed,
      // and check their type
      foreach ($options as $option => $value) {
         $type = $this->options[$option]; // no value = any type is OK
         if (array_key_exists($option, $this->options) 
                && (gettype($value) === $type || !$type)) {
            $this->$option = $value;
         }
      }
   }

   // methods go here
}

我一直在使用这种格式:数组中的必需参数和可选参数,使用 foreach 循环分配所有可选变量,指定选项及其类型(我关心的主要区别是数组与非数组-array) 作为私有变量。

检查和分配每个可选参数的 foreach 循环没有改变。我可以复制并粘贴它来创建新的 类,但我也认为这样做可能会更好,以避免重复代码:

abstract class ParentClass {

   public function __toString() {
      return print_r(get_object_vars($this), true); 
   }

   protected function setOptions($options) {
      foreach ($options as $option => $value) {
         $type = $this->options[$option]; // no value = any type is OK
         if (array_key_exists($option, $this->options) 
                 && (gettype($value) === $type || !$type)) {
            $this->$option = $value;
         }
      }
   }
}

class ChildClass extends ParentClass{

   private $arg1;
   private $arg2;
   private $options = array('option1'=>'string', 'option2'=>'array');
   private $option1 = 'default_value';
   private $option2 = array('foo', 'bar');

   public function __construct($arg1, $arg2, $options = array()) {
      $this->arg1 = $arg1;
      $this->arg2 = $arg2;

      parent::setOptions($options);

   }
}

我还没有对继承做太多工作。这个好用吗?

谢谢!

这将很好地利用继承,始终减少重复代码的最佳做法。 DRY 将来需要更改或出现错误时,修改代码的麻烦要小得多。

编辑:顺便说一句,您也可以将所有构造逻辑放在父 class 的构造函数中,然后在子 class 中重写它并在您调用父构造函数时调用重新完成 class 特定逻辑。例如:

abstract class ParentClass {
   public function __construct($options) {
      foreach ($options as $option => $value) {
         $type = $this->options[$option]; // no value = any type is OK
         if (array_key_exists($option, $this->options) 
         && (gettype($value) === $type || !$type)) {
            $this->$option = $value;
         }
      }
   }
   public function __toString() {
      return print_r(get_object_vars($this), true); 
   }
}

class ChildClass extends ParentClass{
   private $arg1;
   private $arg2;
   private $options = array('option1'=>'string', 'option2'=>'array');
   private $option1 = 'default_value';
   private $option2 = array('foo', 'bar');

   public function __construct($arg1, $arg2, $options = array()) {
      $this->arg1 = $arg1;
      $this->arg2 = $arg2;

      parent::__construct($options);
   }
}