当你有一个名为 max 的变量时使用 Python 的 max 函数?
Using Python's max function when you have a variable named max?
Python 包含内置的 max() 函数。然而,尽管它是内置的,但它不是关键字。也就是说,你可以做max=4
。这是有道理的,因为某事的最大值出现了很多。但!如果您将 max 用作变量,则它会在该范围内禁用 max 函数。
所以如果你这样做:
max = 4
max(1, 2)
您将收到 int object not callable
的错误。再次,有道理。但是有什么方法可以指定您想要 max 函数吗?像 std.max()
?这也适用于所有其他内置函数。
__builtin__
(Python 2) / builtins
(Python 3) 模块提供了另一种访问所有 built-in/standard 标识符的方法,例如:
>>> import __builtin__
>>>
>>> __builtin__.max is max
True
>>>
>>> max = 2
>>> __builtin__.max([0, max])
2
import __builtin__ as builtins
def random_integer(min, max):
random_integer.seed = builtins.max(10101, ( # looks random enough, right?
((random_integer.seed * 3 - 210) % 9898989) >> 1) ^ 173510713571)
return min + (random_integer.seed % (max - min + 1))
random_integer.seed = 123456789
This module is not normally accessed explicitly by most applications, but can be useful in modules that provide objects with the same name as a built-in value, but in which the built-in of that name is also needed.
Python 3 中的名称更改是 the "core languages" changes described in PEP 3100 的一部分:
In order to get rid of the confusion between __builtin__
and __builtins__
, it was decided to rename __builtin__
(the module) to builtins
, and to leave __builtins__
(the sandbox hook) alone.
Python 包含内置的 max() 函数。然而,尽管它是内置的,但它不是关键字。也就是说,你可以做max=4
。这是有道理的,因为某事的最大值出现了很多。但!如果您将 max 用作变量,则它会在该范围内禁用 max 函数。
所以如果你这样做:
max = 4
max(1, 2)
您将收到 int object not callable
的错误。再次,有道理。但是有什么方法可以指定您想要 max 函数吗?像 std.max()
?这也适用于所有其他内置函数。
__builtin__
(Python 2) / builtins
(Python 3) 模块提供了另一种访问所有 built-in/standard 标识符的方法,例如:
>>> import __builtin__
>>>
>>> __builtin__.max is max
True
>>>
>>> max = 2
>>> __builtin__.max([0, max])
2
import __builtin__ as builtins
def random_integer(min, max):
random_integer.seed = builtins.max(10101, ( # looks random enough, right?
((random_integer.seed * 3 - 210) % 9898989) >> 1) ^ 173510713571)
return min + (random_integer.seed % (max - min + 1))
random_integer.seed = 123456789
This module is not normally accessed explicitly by most applications, but can be useful in modules that provide objects with the same name as a built-in value, but in which the built-in of that name is also needed.
Python 3 中的名称更改是 the "core languages" changes described in PEP 3100 的一部分:
In order to get rid of the confusion between
__builtin__
and__builtins__
, it was decided to rename__builtin__
(the module) tobuiltins
, and to leave__builtins__
(the sandbox hook) alone.