如何使用命令行生成 java 个 CAP 文件
How to generate java CAP files using Commandline
我正在尝试为 Java Card 2.2.1 平台兼容的智能卡生成以下程序的 CAP 文件：
package helloWorldPackage;
import javacard.framework.APDU;
import javacard.framework.Applet;
import javacard.framework.ISO7816;
import javacard.framework.ISOException;
import javacard.framework.Util;
public class HelloWorldApplet extends Applet
{
private static final byte[] helloWorld = {(byte)'H',(byte)'e',(byte)'l',(byte)'l',(byte)'o',(byte)' ',(byte)'W',(byte)'o',(byte)'r',(byte)'l',(byte)'d',};
private static final byte HW_CLA = (byte)0x80;
private static final byte HW_INS = (byte)0x00;
public static void install(byte[] bArray, short bOffset, byte bLength)
{
new HelloWorldApplet().register(bArray, (short) (bOffset + 1), bArray[bOffset]);
}
public void process(APDU apdu)
{
if (selectingApplet())
{
return;
}
byte[] buffer = apdu.getBuffer();
byte CLA = (byte) (buffer[ISO7816.OFFSET_CLA] & 0xFF);
byte INS = (byte) (buffer[ISO7816.OFFSET_INS] & 0xFF);
if (CLA != HW_CLA)
{
ISOException.throwIt(ISO7816.SW_CLA_NOT_SUPPORTED);
}
switch ( INS )
{
case HW_INS:
getHelloWorld( apdu );
break;
default:
ISOException.throwIt(ISO7816.SW_INS_NOT_SUPPORTED);
}
}
private void getHelloWorld( APDU apdu)
{
byte[] buffer = apdu.getBuffer();
short length = (short) helloWorld.length;
Util.arrayCopyNonAtomic(helloWorld, (short)0, buffer, (short)0, (short) length);
apdu.setOutgoingAndSend((short)0, length);
}
}
所以，我将其保存在名为 HelloWorldApplet 的 .java 文件中，然后将其编译为 .class 文件，如下所示：
E:\ToCompile\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin>javac -g -source 1.2 -target 1.2 -cp "E:\ToCompile\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_
1-win-dom\lib\api.jar" "E:\ToCompile\HelloWorldApplet.java"
warning: [options] bootstrap class path not set in conjunction with -source 1.2
1 warning
问题 1：此警告的用途是什么？
之后，我尝试将此 .class 文件转换为其 .cap 形式：
E:\ToCompile\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin>converter -debug -verbose -classdir E:\ToCompile helloWorldPackage 0xa0:0x0:0x0:0x0:0x6
2:0x3:0x1:0xc:0x6:0x1 1.0
error: input class directory E:\ToCompile\helloWorldPackage not found.
Usage: converter <options> package_name package_aid major_version.minor_version
OR
converter -config <filename>
use file for all options and parameters to converter
Where options include:
-classdir <the root directory of the class hierarchy>
set the root directory where the Converter
will look for classes
-i support the 32-bit integer type
-exportpath <list of directories>
list the root directories where the Converter
will look for export files
-exportmap use the token mapping from the pre-defined export
file of the package being converted. The converter
will look for the export file in the exportpath
-applet <AID class_name>
set the applet AID and the class that defines the
install method for the applet
-d <the root directory for output>
-out [CAP] [EXP] [JCA]
tell the Converter to output the CAP file,
and/or the JCA file, and/or the export file
-V, -version print the Converter version string
-v, -verbose enable verbose output
-help print out this message
-nowarn instruct the Converter to not report warning messages
-mask indicate this package is for mask, so restrictions on
native methods are relaxed
-debug enable generation of debugging information
-nobanner suppress all standard output messages
-noverify turn off verification. Verification is default
嗯，如你所见，我收到 错误：输入 class 目录 E:\ToCompile\helloWorldPackage 未找到。。
Q2：转换器为什么要找这个路径？我把E:\ToCompile目录指定为class目录，但是它把我指定的路径和我的程序包名拼接起来了！为什么？
Q3：当我们用Winrar打开一个.cap文件时，我们可以在其中的header.cap和applet.cap文件中找到我们的Package AID和Applet AID。在上面的步骤中，我只指定了我的包AID，那么它如何在cap文件中分配Applet AID？
更新：（感谢 Bodewes 先生的回答）
我将 HelloWorldApplet.java 及其生成的 class 文件（即 HelloWorldApplet.class）移动到名为 helloWorldPackage 的文件夹（我的小程序包名称） , 在同一目录中。然后重试转换命令：
E:\ToCompile\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin>converter -debug -verbose -classdir E:\ToCompile\ helloWorldPackage 0xa0:0x0:0x0:0x0:0x
62:0x3:0x1:0xc:0x6:0x1 1.0
Java Card 2.2.2 Class File Converter, Version 1.3
Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms.
parsing E:\ToCompile\helloWorldPackage\HelloWorldApplet.class
converting helloWorldPackage.HelloWorldApplet
error: export file framework.exp of package javacard.framework not found.
conversion completed with 1 errors and 0 warnings.
由于错误，我在命令中添加了-exportpath参数，然后再次尝试：
E:\ToCompile\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin>converter -debug -verbose -exportpath E:\ToCompile\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_
1-win-dom\api_export_files -classdir E:\ToCompile\ helloWorldPackage 0xa0:0x0:0x0:0x0:0x62:0x3:0x1:0xc:0x6:0x1 1.0
Java Card 2.2.2 Class File Converter, Version 1.3
Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms.
parsing E:\ToCompile\helloWorldPackage\HelloWorldApplet.class
converting helloWorldPackage.HelloWorldApplet
parsing E:\ToCompile\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\api_export_files\javacard\framework\javacard\framework.exp
parsing E:\ToCompile\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\api_export_files\java\lang\javacard\lang.exp
writing E:\ToCompile\helloWorldPackage\javacard\helloWorldPackage.exp
writing E:\ToCompile\helloWorldPackage\javacard\helloWorldPackage.jca
error: Static array initialization in class helloWorldPackage/HelloWorldApplet in library package not allowed.
Cap file generation failed.
conversion completed with 1 errors and 0 warnings.
经过一番折腾，终于发现，converter有个参数叫applet，如果我不用的话（-applet <AppletAID> AppletClassName的形式）在命令行中，转换器将该包视为库包（内容中没有 Applet AID），但如果我将此参数添加到命令行，如下所示，转换器将该包视为 Applet 包，并且使用我添加到参数中的 AID 来分配 cap 文件中 header.cap（或者可能是 applet.cap）中的 AID。 （我Q3的答案）：
C:\Users\AmirEbrahim\Desktop\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin>converter -debug -verbose -exportpath C:\Users\AmirEbrahim\Desktop\JC_C
onverter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin -classdir C:\Users\AmirEbrahim\Desktop\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin -applet 0xa0:0
x0:0x0:0x0:0x62:0x3:0x1:0xc:0x6:0x1:0x2 HelloWorldApplet helloWorldPackage 0xa0:0x0:0x0:0x0:0x62:0x3:0x1:0xc:0x6:0x1 1.0
Java Card 2.2.2 Class File Converter, Version 1.3
Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms.
parsing C:\Users\AmirEbrahim\Desktop\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin\helloWorldPackage\HelloWorldApplet.class
converting helloWorldPackage.HelloWorldApplet
parsing C:\Users\AmirEbrahim\Desktop\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin\javacard\framework\javacard\framework.exp
parsing C:\Users\AmirEbrahim\Desktop\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin\java\lang\javacard\lang.exp
writing C:\Users\AmirEbrahim\Desktop\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin\helloWorldPackage\javacard\helloWorldPackage.exp
writing C:\Users\AmirEbrahim\Desktop\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin\helloWorldPackage\javacard\helloWorldPackage.jca
conversion completed with 0 errors and 0 warnings.
warning: [options] bootstrap class path not set in conjunction with -source 1.2
What is this warning for?
警告是因为您正在编译 1.2 源代码与较新的引导 class 路径的兼容性，即您当前的 JRE 之一。现在，如果您要在 JRE 中使用较新的 classes，那么您将不会与 Java 1.2 兼容。如果您所有的 classes 都像您应该的那样只使用 Java Card classes，那么这当然不是问题。换句话说，您可以放心地忽略它。
Q2: Why the converter looking for this path? I specified E:\ToCompile directory as class directory, but it concatenated my specified path with my program package name! why?
原则上 Java 应用程序的源代码文件夹结构未定义。然而在实践中，源被放置在反映包名称的文件夹中。因此，一般来说，如果您的包语句读取 package package1.package2; for MyApplet，那么大多数工具都希望源代码位于源文件夹中的 package1/package2/MyApplet.java 中。 Class 文件以同样的方式放在文件夹中。对于任何 Java 应用程序都是如此，而不仅仅是 Java 卡。
Q3: When we open a .cap file using Winrar, we can find our Package AID and our Applet AID in header.cap and applet.cap files in it. In the above steps, I only specify my package AID, So how it assign the Applet AID in the cap file?
如果您不向转换器提供 Applet class / AID，那么该包将被视为库包（这是一个没有自己状态的包，仅包含可以被其他库使用，当然还有 Applets）。
我正在尝试为 Java Card 2.2.1 平台兼容的智能卡生成以下程序的 CAP 文件：
package helloWorldPackage;
import javacard.framework.APDU;
import javacard.framework.Applet;
import javacard.framework.ISO7816;
import javacard.framework.ISOException;
import javacard.framework.Util;
public class HelloWorldApplet extends Applet
{
private static final byte[] helloWorld = {(byte)'H',(byte)'e',(byte)'l',(byte)'l',(byte)'o',(byte)' ',(byte)'W',(byte)'o',(byte)'r',(byte)'l',(byte)'d',};
private static final byte HW_CLA = (byte)0x80;
private static final byte HW_INS = (byte)0x00;
public static void install(byte[] bArray, short bOffset, byte bLength)
{
new HelloWorldApplet().register(bArray, (short) (bOffset + 1), bArray[bOffset]);
}
public void process(APDU apdu)
{
if (selectingApplet())
{
return;
}
byte[] buffer = apdu.getBuffer();
byte CLA = (byte) (buffer[ISO7816.OFFSET_CLA] & 0xFF);
byte INS = (byte) (buffer[ISO7816.OFFSET_INS] & 0xFF);
if (CLA != HW_CLA)
{
ISOException.throwIt(ISO7816.SW_CLA_NOT_SUPPORTED);
}
switch ( INS )
{
case HW_INS:
getHelloWorld( apdu );
break;
default:
ISOException.throwIt(ISO7816.SW_INS_NOT_SUPPORTED);
}
}
private void getHelloWorld( APDU apdu)
{
byte[] buffer = apdu.getBuffer();
short length = (short) helloWorld.length;
Util.arrayCopyNonAtomic(helloWorld, (short)0, buffer, (short)0, (short) length);
apdu.setOutgoingAndSend((short)0, length);
}
}
所以，我将其保存在名为 HelloWorldApplet 的 .java 文件中，然后将其编译为 .class 文件，如下所示：
E:\ToCompile\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin>javac -g -source 1.2 -target 1.2 -cp "E:\ToCompile\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_
1-win-dom\lib\api.jar" "E:\ToCompile\HelloWorldApplet.java"
warning: [options] bootstrap class path not set in conjunction with -source 1.2
1 warning
问题 1：此警告的用途是什么？
之后，我尝试将此 .class 文件转换为其 .cap 形式：
E:\ToCompile\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin>converter -debug -verbose -classdir E:\ToCompile helloWorldPackage 0xa0:0x0:0x0:0x0:0x6
2:0x3:0x1:0xc:0x6:0x1 1.0
error: input class directory E:\ToCompile\helloWorldPackage not found.
Usage: converter <options> package_name package_aid major_version.minor_version
OR
converter -config <filename>
use file for all options and parameters to converter
Where options include:
-classdir <the root directory of the class hierarchy>
set the root directory where the Converter
will look for classes
-i support the 32-bit integer type
-exportpath <list of directories>
list the root directories where the Converter
will look for export files
-exportmap use the token mapping from the pre-defined export
file of the package being converted. The converter
will look for the export file in the exportpath
-applet <AID class_name>
set the applet AID and the class that defines the
install method for the applet
-d <the root directory for output>
-out [CAP] [EXP] [JCA]
tell the Converter to output the CAP file,
and/or the JCA file, and/or the export file
-V, -version print the Converter version string
-v, -verbose enable verbose output
-help print out this message
-nowarn instruct the Converter to not report warning messages
-mask indicate this package is for mask, so restrictions on
native methods are relaxed
-debug enable generation of debugging information
-nobanner suppress all standard output messages
-noverify turn off verification. Verification is default
嗯，如你所见，我收到 错误：输入 class 目录 E:\ToCompile\helloWorldPackage 未找到。。
Q2：转换器为什么要找这个路径？我把E:\ToCompile目录指定为class目录，但是它把我指定的路径和我的程序包名拼接起来了！为什么？
Q3：当我们用Winrar打开一个.cap文件时，我们可以在其中的header.cap和applet.cap文件中找到我们的Package AID和Applet AID。在上面的步骤中，我只指定了我的包AID，那么它如何在cap文件中分配Applet AID？
更新：（感谢 Bodewes 先生的回答）
我将 HelloWorldApplet.java 及其生成的 class 文件（即 HelloWorldApplet.class）移动到名为 helloWorldPackage 的文件夹（我的小程序包名称） , 在同一目录中。然后重试转换命令：
E:\ToCompile\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin>converter -debug -verbose -classdir E:\ToCompile\ helloWorldPackage 0xa0:0x0:0x0:0x0:0x
62:0x3:0x1:0xc:0x6:0x1 1.0
Java Card 2.2.2 Class File Converter, Version 1.3
Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms.
parsing E:\ToCompile\helloWorldPackage\HelloWorldApplet.class
converting helloWorldPackage.HelloWorldApplet
error: export file framework.exp of package javacard.framework not found.
conversion completed with 1 errors and 0 warnings.
由于错误，我在命令中添加了-exportpath参数，然后再次尝试：
E:\ToCompile\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin>converter -debug -verbose -exportpath E:\ToCompile\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_
1-win-dom\api_export_files -classdir E:\ToCompile\ helloWorldPackage 0xa0:0x0:0x0:0x0:0x62:0x3:0x1:0xc:0x6:0x1 1.0
Java Card 2.2.2 Class File Converter, Version 1.3
Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms.
parsing E:\ToCompile\helloWorldPackage\HelloWorldApplet.class
converting helloWorldPackage.HelloWorldApplet
parsing E:\ToCompile\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\api_export_files\javacard\framework\javacard\framework.exp
parsing E:\ToCompile\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\api_export_files\java\lang\javacard\lang.exp
writing E:\ToCompile\helloWorldPackage\javacard\helloWorldPackage.exp
writing E:\ToCompile\helloWorldPackage\javacard\helloWorldPackage.jca
error: Static array initialization in class helloWorldPackage/HelloWorldApplet in library package not allowed.
Cap file generation failed.
conversion completed with 1 errors and 0 warnings.
经过一番折腾，终于发现，converter有个参数叫applet，如果我不用的话（-applet <AppletAID> AppletClassName的形式）在命令行中，转换器将该包视为库包（内容中没有 Applet AID），但如果我将此参数添加到命令行，如下所示，转换器将该包视为 Applet 包，并且使用我添加到参数中的 AID 来分配 cap 文件中 header.cap（或者可能是 applet.cap）中的 AID。 （我Q3的答案）：
C:\Users\AmirEbrahim\Desktop\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin>converter -debug -verbose -exportpath C:\Users\AmirEbrahim\Desktop\JC_C
onverter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin -classdir C:\Users\AmirEbrahim\Desktop\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin -applet 0xa0:0
x0:0x0:0x0:0x62:0x3:0x1:0xc:0x6:0x1:0x2 HelloWorldApplet helloWorldPackage 0xa0:0x0:0x0:0x0:0x62:0x3:0x1:0xc:0x6:0x1 1.0
Java Card 2.2.2 Class File Converter, Version 1.3
Copyright 2005 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All rights reserved. Use is subject to license terms.
parsing C:\Users\AmirEbrahim\Desktop\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin\helloWorldPackage\HelloWorldApplet.class
converting helloWorldPackage.HelloWorldApplet
parsing C:\Users\AmirEbrahim\Desktop\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin\javacard\framework\javacard\framework.exp
parsing C:\Users\AmirEbrahim\Desktop\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin\java\lang\javacard\lang.exp
writing C:\Users\AmirEbrahim\Desktop\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin\helloWorldPackage\javacard\helloWorldPackage.exp
writing C:\Users\AmirEbrahim\Desktop\JC_Converter\JCDK\java_card_kit-2_2_1-win-dom\bin\helloWorldPackage\javacard\helloWorldPackage.jca
conversion completed with 0 errors and 0 warnings.
warning: [options] bootstrap class path not set in conjunction with -source 1.2
What is this warning for?
警告是因为您正在编译 1.2 源代码与较新的引导 class 路径的兼容性，即您当前的 JRE 之一。现在，如果您要在 JRE 中使用较新的 classes，那么您将不会与 Java 1.2 兼容。如果您所有的 classes 都像您应该的那样只使用 Java Card classes，那么这当然不是问题。换句话说，您可以放心地忽略它。
Q2: Why the converter looking for this path? I specified E:\ToCompile directory as class directory, but it concatenated my specified path with my program package name! why?
原则上 Java 应用程序的源代码文件夹结构未定义。然而在实践中，源被放置在反映包名称的文件夹中。因此，一般来说，如果您的包语句读取 package package1.package2; for MyApplet，那么大多数工具都希望源代码位于源文件夹中的 package1/package2/MyApplet.java 中。 Class 文件以同样的方式放在文件夹中。对于任何 Java 应用程序都是如此，而不仅仅是 Java 卡。
Q3: When we open a .cap file using Winrar, we can find our Package AID and our Applet AID in
header.capandapplet.capfiles in it. In the above steps, I only specify my package AID, So how it assign the Applet AID in the cap file?
如果您不向转换器提供 Applet class / AID，那么该包将被视为库包（这是一个没有自己状态的包，仅包含可以被其他库使用，当然还有 Applets）。