在 OSX 上为 Anaconda 安装 QScintilla2：@rpath 问题
Installing QScintilla2 for Anaconda on OSX: an @rpath issue
经过大量的血汗和泪水，我成功地编译了 QScintilla2 (https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/software/qscintilla/download) 用于 Anaconda Python Distribution (2.5.0; Python 2.7. 11; PyQt4) Mac OS X El Capitan.
在 Qt4Qt5 和 Python 文件夹中编译和安装所有内容后，没有错误或警告，所有内容似乎都已在 Anaconda 中的正确位置结束。
但是，当我尝试使用
导入 qscintilla2 时
import PyQt4.Qsci
我收到以下错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PyQt4/Qsci.so, 2): Library not loaded: @rpath/./libQtGui.4.dylib
Referenced from: /Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PyQt4/Qsci.so
Reason: image not found
因此该模块似乎无法找到 libQtGui。4.dylib
我已经阅读了优秀博客 https://mikeash.com/pyblog/friday-qa-2009-11-06-linking-and-install-names.html 上的 @rpath 变量，最后知道我必须在尝试解决问题时使用 otool 和 install_name_tool这个问题。
如果我 运行 otool -L 我得到以下输出：
Qsci.so:
libQsci.dylib (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
/Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/libqscintilla2.11.dylib (compatibility version 11.3.0, current version 11.3.0)
@rpath/./libQtGui.4.dylib (compatibility version 4.8.0, current version 4.8.7)
@rpath/./libQtCore.4.dylib (compatibility version 4.8.0, current version 4.8.7)
/usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib (compatibility version 7.0.0, current version 104.1.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1226.10.1)
并且 otool -l 给了我
Qsci.so:
Load command 0
cmd LC_SEGMENT_64
cmdsize 632
segname __TEXT
vmaddr 0x0000000000000000
vmsize 0x000000000009b000
fileoff 0
filesize 634880
maxprot 0x00000007
initprot 0x00000005
nsects 7
flags 0x0
Section
sectname __text
segname __TEXT
addr 0x0000000000002450
size 0x000000000006bcf6
offset 9296
align 2^4 (16)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x80000400
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __stubs
segname __TEXT
addr 0x000000000006e146
size 0x0000000000001956
offset 450886
align 2^1 (2)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x80000408
reserved1 0 (index into indirect symbol table)
reserved2 6 (size of stubs)
Section
sectname __stub_helper
segname __TEXT
addr 0x000000000006fa9c
size 0x00000000000032ac
offset 457372
align 2^2 (4)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x80000400
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __const
segname __TEXT
addr 0x0000000000072d50
size 0x0000000000008e47
offset 470352
align 2^4 (16)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __cstring
segname __TEXT
addr 0x000000000007bb97
size 0x0000000000000f62
offset 506775
align 2^0 (1)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000002
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __unwind_info
segname __TEXT
addr 0x000000000007cafc
size 0x00000000000014b4
offset 510716
align 2^2 (4)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __eh_frame
segname __TEXT
addr 0x000000000007dfb0
size 0x000000000001d048
offset 516016
align 2^3 (8)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Load command 1
cmd LC_SEGMENT_64
cmdsize 632
segname __DATA
vmaddr 0x000000000009b000
vmsize 0x0000000000027000
fileoff 634880
filesize 159744
maxprot 0x00000007
initprot 0x00000003
nsects 7
flags 0x0
Section
sectname __dyld
segname __DATA
addr 0x000000000009b000
size 0x0000000000000010
offset 634880
align 2^3 (8)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __got
segname __DATA
addr 0x000000000009b010
size 0x0000000000000030
offset 634896
align 2^3 (8)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000006
reserved1 1081 (index into indirect symbol table)
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __la_symbol_ptr
segname __DATA
addr 0x000000000009b040
size 0x00000000000021c8
offset 634944
align 2^3 (8)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000007
reserved1 1087 (index into indirect symbol table)
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __const
segname __DATA
addr 0x000000000009d210
size 0x00000000000050f8
offset 643600
align 2^4 (16)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __data
segname __DATA
addr 0x00000000000a2310
size 0x000000000001f091
offset 664336
align 2^4 (16)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __bss
segname __DATA
addr 0x00000000000c13b0
size 0x0000000000000430
offset 0
align 2^4 (16)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000001
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __common
segname __DATA
addr 0x00000000000c17e0
size 0x0000000000000030
offset 0
align 2^3 (8)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000001
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Load command 2
cmd LC_SEGMENT_64
cmdsize 72
segname __LINKEDIT
vmaddr 0x00000000000c2000
vmsize 0x0000000000063000
fileoff 794624
filesize 402904
maxprot 0x00000007
initprot 0x00000001
nsects 0
flags 0x0
Load command 3
cmd LC_ID_DYLIB
cmdsize 40
name libQsci.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 1 Thu Jan 1 01:00:01 1970
current version 0.0.0
compatibility version 0.0.0
Load command 4
cmd LC_SYMTAB
cmdsize 24
symoff 863408
nsyms 5494
stroff 964424
strsize 233104
Load command 5
cmd LC_DYSYMTAB
cmdsize 80
ilocalsym 0
nlocalsym 2227
iextdefsym 2227
nextdefsym 2034
iundefsym 4261
nundefsym 1233
tocoff 0
ntoc 0
modtaboff 0
nmodtab 0
extrefsymoff 0
nextrefsyms 0
indirectsymoff 955752
nindirectsyms 2168
extreloff 951312
nextrel 555
locreloff 794624
nlocrel 7955
Load command 6
cmd LC_UUID
cmdsize 24
uuid 888BE029-40E0-3D69-83D4-B236B57ADFD4
Load command 7
cmd LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX
cmdsize 16
version 10.5
sdk 10.11
Load command 8
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 80
name /Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/libqscintilla2.11.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 01:00:02 1970
current version 11.3.0
compatibility version 11.3.0
Load command 9
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 56
name @rpath/./libQtGui.4.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 01:00:02 1970
current version 4.8.7
compatibility version 4.8.0
Load command 10
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 56
name @rpath/./libQtCore.4.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 01:00:02 1970
current version 4.8.7
compatibility version 4.8.0
Load command 11
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 56
name /usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 01:00:02 1970
current version 104.1.0
compatibility version 7.0.0
Load command 12
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 56
name /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 01:00:02 1970
current version 1226.10.1
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 13
cmd LC_FUNCTION_STARTS
cmdsize 16
dataoff 858264
datasize 5144
Load command 14
cmd LC_DATA_IN_CODE
cmdsize 16
dataoff 863408
datasize 0
据我所知，此模块中没有@rpath 条目（或者至少我应该找到一个 LC_RPATH 命令？）。之后我当然可以用 install_name_tool 设置它，但这就是我卡住的地方。
我不明白在这种情况下什么被视为Qsci.so模块的@loader_path和@executable_path。它位于
/Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PyQt4/Qsci.so
但它似乎是对
的直接引用
/Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/libqscintilla2.11.dylib
在这种情况下，/Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PyQt4/ 或 /Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/ 会是 @loader_path 吗？我假设 @executable_path 只是指向 /Users/daniel/anaconda/bin 中的 Python 解释器的路径，但如果我错了请纠正我。
libQtGui.4.dylib 和 libQtCore.4.dylib 都位于
/Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/
我尝试使用
手动添加我认为正确的@rpaths
install_name_tool -add_rpath @loader_path/../../ Qsci.so
install_name_tool -add_rpath @loader_path/../lib Qsci.so
第一个条目假定 Qsci.so 的包含文件夹是 @loader_path，第二个条目是 libqscintilla2.11.dylib，但无济于事...
如果我将绝对路径添加到@rpath
install_name_tool -add_rpath /Users/daniel/anaconda/lib Qsci.so
它确实解决了问题，所以我知道这是一个 rpath 问题。但是，我确实需要相对位置，因为我打算在正确处理后打包应用程序。
感谢您对此提供的任何帮助，我很抱歉 post 比预期的要长得多！
通过检查其他 PyQt4 模块，我发现我必须在 [=13= 中添加一个 install_name_tool 指向 @loader_path/../../../ 的 rpath 条目].
您将在下面找到一个 bash 脚本，它在 Mac.
上完成 QScintilla2 for Anaconda 的整个安装过程
#!/bin/bash
# Run this file from within the root of the QScintilla source folder
# Go to Qscintilla source dir
cd Qt4Qt5
# Build the makefile with qmake, specify llvm as the compiler
# The normal g++ compiler causes an __Unwind_Resume error at linking phase
~/anaconda/bin/qmake qscintilla.pro -spec macx-llvm
# Build Qscintilla
make
# and install it
make install
# Go to python folder
cd ../Python
# Configure compilation of Python Qsci module
~/anaconda/bin/python configure.py -q ~/anaconda/bin/qmake --sip ~/anaconda/bin/sip -n ~/anaconda/include -o ~/anaconda/lib
# make it
make
# Add the correct @rpath entry to Qsci.so so it can find the other required Qt modules
install_name_tool -add_rpath @loader_path/../../../ Qsci.so
# Install QSci.so to the site-packages/PyQt4 folder
make install
经过大量的血汗和泪水，我成功地编译了 QScintilla2 (https://www.riverbankcomputing.com/software/qscintilla/download) 用于 Anaconda Python Distribution (2.5.0; Python 2.7. 11; PyQt4) Mac OS X El Capitan.
在 Qt4Qt5 和 Python 文件夹中编译和安装所有内容后，没有错误或警告，所有内容似乎都已在 Anaconda 中的正确位置结束。
但是，当我尝试使用
导入 qscintilla2 时import PyQt4.Qsci
我收到以下错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
ImportError: dlopen(/Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PyQt4/Qsci.so, 2): Library not loaded: @rpath/./libQtGui.4.dylib
Referenced from: /Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PyQt4/Qsci.so
Reason: image not found
因此该模块似乎无法找到 libQtGui。4.dylib
我已经阅读了优秀博客 https://mikeash.com/pyblog/friday-qa-2009-11-06-linking-and-install-names.html 上的 @rpath 变量，最后知道我必须在尝试解决问题时使用 otool 和 install_name_tool这个问题。
如果我 运行 otool -L 我得到以下输出：
Qsci.so:
libQsci.dylib (compatibility version 0.0.0, current version 0.0.0)
/Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/libqscintilla2.11.dylib (compatibility version 11.3.0, current version 11.3.0)
@rpath/./libQtGui.4.dylib (compatibility version 4.8.0, current version 4.8.7)
@rpath/./libQtCore.4.dylib (compatibility version 4.8.0, current version 4.8.7)
/usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib (compatibility version 7.0.0, current version 104.1.0)
/usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1226.10.1)
并且 otool -l 给了我
Qsci.so:
Load command 0
cmd LC_SEGMENT_64
cmdsize 632
segname __TEXT
vmaddr 0x0000000000000000
vmsize 0x000000000009b000
fileoff 0
filesize 634880
maxprot 0x00000007
initprot 0x00000005
nsects 7
flags 0x0
Section
sectname __text
segname __TEXT
addr 0x0000000000002450
size 0x000000000006bcf6
offset 9296
align 2^4 (16)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x80000400
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __stubs
segname __TEXT
addr 0x000000000006e146
size 0x0000000000001956
offset 450886
align 2^1 (2)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x80000408
reserved1 0 (index into indirect symbol table)
reserved2 6 (size of stubs)
Section
sectname __stub_helper
segname __TEXT
addr 0x000000000006fa9c
size 0x00000000000032ac
offset 457372
align 2^2 (4)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x80000400
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __const
segname __TEXT
addr 0x0000000000072d50
size 0x0000000000008e47
offset 470352
align 2^4 (16)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __cstring
segname __TEXT
addr 0x000000000007bb97
size 0x0000000000000f62
offset 506775
align 2^0 (1)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000002
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __unwind_info
segname __TEXT
addr 0x000000000007cafc
size 0x00000000000014b4
offset 510716
align 2^2 (4)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __eh_frame
segname __TEXT
addr 0x000000000007dfb0
size 0x000000000001d048
offset 516016
align 2^3 (8)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Load command 1
cmd LC_SEGMENT_64
cmdsize 632
segname __DATA
vmaddr 0x000000000009b000
vmsize 0x0000000000027000
fileoff 634880
filesize 159744
maxprot 0x00000007
initprot 0x00000003
nsects 7
flags 0x0
Section
sectname __dyld
segname __DATA
addr 0x000000000009b000
size 0x0000000000000010
offset 634880
align 2^3 (8)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __got
segname __DATA
addr 0x000000000009b010
size 0x0000000000000030
offset 634896
align 2^3 (8)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000006
reserved1 1081 (index into indirect symbol table)
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __la_symbol_ptr
segname __DATA
addr 0x000000000009b040
size 0x00000000000021c8
offset 634944
align 2^3 (8)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000007
reserved1 1087 (index into indirect symbol table)
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __const
segname __DATA
addr 0x000000000009d210
size 0x00000000000050f8
offset 643600
align 2^4 (16)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __data
segname __DATA
addr 0x00000000000a2310
size 0x000000000001f091
offset 664336
align 2^4 (16)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000000
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __bss
segname __DATA
addr 0x00000000000c13b0
size 0x0000000000000430
offset 0
align 2^4 (16)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000001
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Section
sectname __common
segname __DATA
addr 0x00000000000c17e0
size 0x0000000000000030
offset 0
align 2^3 (8)
reloff 0
nreloc 0
flags 0x00000001
reserved1 0
reserved2 0
Load command 2
cmd LC_SEGMENT_64
cmdsize 72
segname __LINKEDIT
vmaddr 0x00000000000c2000
vmsize 0x0000000000063000
fileoff 794624
filesize 402904
maxprot 0x00000007
initprot 0x00000001
nsects 0
flags 0x0
Load command 3
cmd LC_ID_DYLIB
cmdsize 40
name libQsci.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 1 Thu Jan 1 01:00:01 1970
current version 0.0.0
compatibility version 0.0.0
Load command 4
cmd LC_SYMTAB
cmdsize 24
symoff 863408
nsyms 5494
stroff 964424
strsize 233104
Load command 5
cmd LC_DYSYMTAB
cmdsize 80
ilocalsym 0
nlocalsym 2227
iextdefsym 2227
nextdefsym 2034
iundefsym 4261
nundefsym 1233
tocoff 0
ntoc 0
modtaboff 0
nmodtab 0
extrefsymoff 0
nextrefsyms 0
indirectsymoff 955752
nindirectsyms 2168
extreloff 951312
nextrel 555
locreloff 794624
nlocrel 7955
Load command 6
cmd LC_UUID
cmdsize 24
uuid 888BE029-40E0-3D69-83D4-B236B57ADFD4
Load command 7
cmd LC_VERSION_MIN_MACOSX
cmdsize 16
version 10.5
sdk 10.11
Load command 8
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 80
name /Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/libqscintilla2.11.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 01:00:02 1970
current version 11.3.0
compatibility version 11.3.0
Load command 9
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 56
name @rpath/./libQtGui.4.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 01:00:02 1970
current version 4.8.7
compatibility version 4.8.0
Load command 10
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 56
name @rpath/./libQtCore.4.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 01:00:02 1970
current version 4.8.7
compatibility version 4.8.0
Load command 11
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 56
name /usr/lib/libstdc++.6.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 01:00:02 1970
current version 104.1.0
compatibility version 7.0.0
Load command 12
cmd LC_LOAD_DYLIB
cmdsize 56
name /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (offset 24)
time stamp 2 Thu Jan 1 01:00:02 1970
current version 1226.10.1
compatibility version 1.0.0
Load command 13
cmd LC_FUNCTION_STARTS
cmdsize 16
dataoff 858264
datasize 5144
Load command 14
cmd LC_DATA_IN_CODE
cmdsize 16
dataoff 863408
datasize 0
据我所知，此模块中没有@rpath 条目（或者至少我应该找到一个 LC_RPATH 命令？）。之后我当然可以用 install_name_tool 设置它，但这就是我卡住的地方。
我不明白在这种情况下什么被视为Qsci.so模块的@loader_path和@executable_path。它位于
/Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PyQt4/Qsci.so
但它似乎是对
的直接引用/Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/libqscintilla2.11.dylib
在这种情况下，/Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/python2.7/site-packages/PyQt4/ 或 /Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/ 会是 @loader_path 吗？我假设 @executable_path 只是指向 /Users/daniel/anaconda/bin 中的 Python 解释器的路径，但如果我错了请纠正我。
libQtGui.4.dylib 和 libQtCore.4.dylib 都位于
/Users/daniel/anaconda/lib/
我尝试使用
手动添加我认为正确的@rpathsinstall_name_tool -add_rpath @loader_path/../../ Qsci.so
install_name_tool -add_rpath @loader_path/../lib Qsci.so
第一个条目假定 Qsci.so 的包含文件夹是 @loader_path，第二个条目是 libqscintilla2.11.dylib，但无济于事...
如果我将绝对路径添加到@rpath
install_name_tool -add_rpath /Users/daniel/anaconda/lib Qsci.so
它确实解决了问题，所以我知道这是一个 rpath 问题。但是，我确实需要相对位置，因为我打算在正确处理后打包应用程序。
感谢您对此提供的任何帮助，我很抱歉 post 比预期的要长得多！
通过检查其他 PyQt4 模块，我发现我必须在 [=13= 中添加一个 install_name_tool 指向 @loader_path/../../../ 的 rpath 条目]. 您将在下面找到一个 bash 脚本，它在 Mac.
上完成 QScintilla2 for Anaconda 的整个安装过程#!/bin/bash
# Run this file from within the root of the QScintilla source folder
# Go to Qscintilla source dir
cd Qt4Qt5
# Build the makefile with qmake, specify llvm as the compiler
# The normal g++ compiler causes an __Unwind_Resume error at linking phase
~/anaconda/bin/qmake qscintilla.pro -spec macx-llvm
# Build Qscintilla
make
# and install it
make install
# Go to python folder
cd ../Python
# Configure compilation of Python Qsci module
~/anaconda/bin/python configure.py -q ~/anaconda/bin/qmake --sip ~/anaconda/bin/sip -n ~/anaconda/include -o ~/anaconda/lib
# make it
make
# Add the correct @rpath entry to Qsci.so so it can find the other required Qt modules
install_name_tool -add_rpath @loader_path/../../../ Qsci.so
# Install QSci.so to the site-packages/PyQt4 folder
make install