自连接的分层查询 Table 最多 3 次

Question

我有一个 Oracle 数据库 table 包含以下列：

    ID | PARENTID | DETAIL1
    ------------------------
    1  | NULL     | BLAH1
    2  | 1        | BLAH2
    3  | 2        | BLAH3
    4  | 2        | BLAH4
    5  | NULL     | BLAH5
    6  | 5        | BLAH6
    7  | 6        | BLAH7
    8  | 5        | BLAH8
    9  | 5        | BLAH9
    10 | 8        | BLAH10

我为

准备了一个自连接

    SELECT    PARENT.ID AS "PID",
              PARENT.DETAIL1 AS "PDETAIL1",
              CHILD.ID AS "CID",
              CHILD.DETAIL1 AS "CDETAIL1" 

      FROM    table1 CHILD

      LEFT OUTER JOIN table1 PARENT

      ON      PARENT.ID = CHILD.PARENTID
      WHERE   PARENTID IS NOT NULL;

输出如下所示：

    PID | PDETAIL1 | CID | CDETAIL1|
    --------------------------------
    1   | BLAH1    | 2   | BLAH2   |
    2   | BLAH2    | 3   | BLAH3   |
    2   | BLAH2    | 4   | BLAH4   |
    5   | BLAH5    | 6   | BLAH6   |
    6   | BLAH6    | 7   | BLAH7   |
    5   | BLAH5    | 8   | BLAH8   |
    5   | BLAH5    | 9   | BLAH9   |
    8   | BLAH8    | 10  | BLAH10  |

非常简单。我想知道这个自连接是否可以作为 hierarchical/recursive 查询来完成。最大嵌套深度为 3。目标输出应如下所示：

    GPID | GPDETAIL1 | PID | PDETAIL1 | CID  | CDETAIL1 |
    ---------------------------------------------------
    1    | BLAH1     | 2   | BLAH2    | 3    | BLAH3    |
    1    | BLAH1     | 2   | BLAH2    | 4    | BLAH4    |
    5    | BLAH5     | 6   | BLAH6    | 7    | BLAH7    |
    5    | BLAH5     | 8   | BLAH8    | 10   | BLAH10   |
    5    | BLAH5     | 9   | BLAH9    | NULL | NULL     |

Google 对我没有帮助，有大量与分层查询相关的信息，但没有任何信息包括自连接和分层查询，大多数问题似乎（表面上）相似，但是没有什么能指导我找到我需要的东西。我是 SQL 新手，所以除非答案具体，否则我可能会漏掉它。

Answer 1

你只需要再 join 到 table 一次就可以得到 children。所以基本上有一个 grandparent 别名，parent 别名和 child 别名以及相应的 join：

select 
    gp.id as gpid,
    gp.detail as gpdetail1,
    p.id as pid,
    p.detail as pdetail1,
    c.id as cid,
    c.detail as cdetail1
from yourtable gp
    left join yourtable p on gp.id = p.parentid
    left join yourtable c on p.id = c.parentid
where gp.parentid is null

SQL Fiddle Demo

Answer 2

there is a ton of information related to hierarchical queries, but nothing including self-joins AND hierarchical queries

您不需要两者，分层查询是 self-join。

您可以从分层查询开始，例如：

select connect_by_root (id) as gpid, connect_by_root(detail1) as gpdetail1,
  prior id as pid, prior detail1 as pdetail1,
  id as cid, detail1 as cdetail1,
  level as lvl, connect_by_isleaf as is_leaf
from table1
start with parentid is null
connect by prior id = parentid

See the docs 表示 connect_by_root 和 connect_by_isleaf 的意思。您对叶节点感兴趣，但是：

select *
from (
  select connect_by_root (id) as gpid, connect_by_root(detail1) as gpdetail1,
    prior id as pid, prior detail1 as pdetail1,
    id as cid, detail1 as cdetail1,
    level as lvl, connect_by_isleaf as is_leaf
  from table1
  start with parentid is null
  connect by prior id = parentid
)
where is_leaf = 1;

...没有得到您想要的：

      GPID GPDETA        PID PDETAI        CID CDETAI        LVL    IS_LEAF
---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ----------
         1 BLAH1           2 BLAH2           3 BLAH3           3          1
         1 BLAH1           2 BLAH2           4 BLAH4           3          1
         5 BLAH5           6 BLAH6           7 BLAH7           3          1
         5 BLAH5           8 BLAH8          10 BLAH10          3          1
         5 BLAH5           5 BLAH5           9 BLAH9           2          1

从您的示例输出中，您不希望在最后一行的 parent 列中出现 5/BLAH5，因为它们是 grandparent；您希望将 child 值提升为 parent 状态。不过，您可以稍微操纵 parent 和 child 值：

select gpid, gpdetail1,
  case lvl when 2 then cid else pid end as pid,
  case lvl when 2 then cdetail1 else pdetail1 end as pdetail1,
  case lvl when 2 then null else cid end as cid,
  case lvl when 2 then null else cdetail1 end as cdetail1
from (
  select connect_by_root (id) as gpid, connect_by_root(detail1) as gpdetail1,
    prior id as pid, prior detail1 as pdetail1,
    id as cid, detail1 as cdetail1,
    level as lvl, connect_by_isleaf as is_leaf
  from table1
  start with parentid is null
  connect by prior id = parentid
)
where is_leaf = 1;

      GPID GPDETA        PID PDETAI        CID CDETAI
---------- ------ ---------- ------ ---------- ------
         1 BLAH1           2 BLAH2           3 BLAH3 
         1 BLAH1           2 BLAH2           4 BLAH4 
         5 BLAH5           6 BLAH6           7 BLAH7 
         5 BLAH5           8 BLAH8          10 BLAH10
         5 BLAH5           9 BLAH9

但只有三个固定级别，再次加入更容易理解...

自连接的分层查询 Table 最多 3 次

Hierarchical Query to Self-Join Table Max 3 Times

sql

oracle

oracle11g

self-join

hierarchical-query