如何在 Laravel 5 中创建 table 迁移

Question

我正在从事一个项目，我被分配了一项任务来为应用程序创建用户管理。但我一直坚持 table 关系和他们的迁移。

努力

我有这些 table：

用户
- user_id
- 用户名
- 密码
个人资料
- profile_id
- user_id
- 名字
- 姓氏
- 电子邮件
地址
- address_id
- profile_id
- 地址
- 城市
- 状态
- 国家
- 密码
配置
- config_id
- configuration_name
- configuration_type
- parent_id

现在我必须为上面相同的结构创建模型和迁移。为此，我有 create/modify 下面的模型和迁移 class。

型号：用户

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Foundation\Auth\User as Authenticatable;

class User extends Authenticatable
{
    /**
     * The attributes that are mass assignable.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $fillable = [
        'username', 'password',
    ];

    /**
     * The attributes excluded from the model's JSON form.
     *
     * @var array
     */
    protected $hidden = [
        'password', 'remember_token',
    ];

    public function profile()
    {
        return $this->hasOne('Profile','user_id');
    }
}

迁移：2014_10_12_000000_create_users_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class CreateUsersTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('users', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->increments('user_id');
            $table->string('username');
            $table->string('password', 60);
            $table->rememberToken();
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::drop('users');
    }
}

型号：简介

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Profile extends Model
{
    public function user(){
        return $this->belongsTo('User');
    }
    public function address()
    {
        return $this->hasOne('Address','address_id');
    }
}

迁移：2016_02_26_101749_create_profiles_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class CreateProfilesTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('profiles', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->increments('profile_id');
            $table->integer('user_id')->unsigned();
            $table->foreign('user_id')->references('user_id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->string('lastname')->nullable();
            $table->string('firstname')->nullable();
            $table->string('gender')->nullable();
            $table->string('email')->unique();
            $table->string('phonenumber', 20)->nullable();
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::drop('profiles');
    }
}

型号：地址

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Address extends Model
{
    public function profile(){
        return $this->belongsTo('Profile');
    }

    public function city() {
        return $this->hasOne('Configuration', 'config_id');
    }

    public function state() {
      return $this->hasOne('Configuration', 'config_id');
    }

    public function country() {
        return $this->hasOne('Configuration', 'config_id');
    }
}

迁移：2016_02_26_102805_create_addresses_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class CreateAddressesTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('addresses', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->increments('address_id');
            $table->integer('profile_id')->unsigned();
            $table->foreign('profile_id')->references('profile_id')->on('profiles')->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->string('address')->nullable();
            $table->integer('city')->unsigned();
            $table->foreign('city')->references('config_id')->on('configurations')->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->string('pincode')->nullable();
            $table->integer('state')->unsigned();
            $table->foreign('state')->references('config_id')->on('configurations')->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->integer('country')->unsigned();
            $table->foreign('country')->references('config_id')->on('configurations')->onDelete('cascade');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::drop('addresses');
    }
}

型号：配置

namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Configuration extends Model
{
    public function children() {
        return $this->hasMany('Configuration','parent_id');
    }
    public function parent() {
        return $this->belongsTo('Configuration','parent_id');
    }
   public function address(){
        return $this->belongsTo('Address');
    }
}

迁移：2016_02_26_104519_create_configurations_table.php

use Illuminate\Database\Schema\Blueprint;
use Illuminate\Database\Migrations\Migration;

class CreateConfigurationsTable extends Migration
{
    /**
     * Run the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function up()
    {
        Schema::create('configurations', function (Blueprint $table) {
            $table->increments('config_id');
            $table->string('configuration_name');
            $table->string('configuration_type');
            $table->string('parent_id');
            $table->timestamps();
        });
    }

    /**
     * Reverse the migrations.
     *
     * @return void
     */
    public function down()
    {
        Schema::drop('configurations');
    }
}

现在，当我运行 php artisan migrate 我收到错误消息：

.

请建议我该怎么做。我必须使用相同的 table 结构并且不能修改它。如果需要任何进一步的更新或者我忘记了什么，请告诉我。

Answer 1

发生这种情况是因为迁移将尝试在配置之前迁移地址 table，因此它不会找到您引用的外键 config_id，因此您可以更改迁移文件的名称然后migration commad 可以先传递 configurations_table 迁移文件，然后再传递 addresses_table 迁移文件，所以只需更改：

2016_02_26_104519_create_configurations_table.php

收件人：

2016_02_26_102005_create_configurations_table.php
_____________^

之后你应该运行优化命令来重新生成优化的 class 加载器：

php artisan o

重新运行php artisan migrate命令现在问题应该解决了

希望对您有所帮助。

如何在 Laravel 5 中创建 table 迁移

How to create table migration in Laravel 5

php

model

laravel-5

laravel-migrations