如何指定仅二进制依赖项?

How can I specify binary-only dependencies?

我有一个包含二进制文件和库的箱子。该库对依赖项的依赖性极低,而二进制文件需要更多的依赖项,例如加载文件或执行范围内的并行操作。

目前,我的 Cargo.toml 设置如下:

[dependencies.kdtree]
path = "../kdtree"

[dependencies]
rand="0.3.0"
rustc-serialize = "0.3"
csv = {git = "https://github.com/BurntSushi/rust-csv.git"}
crossbeam = "0.2"
num_cpus = "0.2"

[lib]
name = "conformal"
path = "src/lib.rs"

[[bin]]
name = "ucitest"
path = "src/bin/main.rs"

库需要的唯一依赖项是 kdtreerand。但是,似乎即使您只构建库,它仍然会构建仅二进制依赖项。我尝试使用 features 和其他技巧,例如 [[bin].dependencies][ucitest-dependencies](或在 [[bin]] 下添加 dependencies= [] 行),我认为它们可能只会构建对于二进制文件,但我找不到方法。

这些依赖项不足以造成这个问题,但它困扰着我。有没有办法缩小依赖关系,使它们只为特定的二进制文件构建?

这是not implemented yet in Cargo

有几种方法可以模拟你想要的东西:


1) 将二进制文件转为示例

Examples 并且测试是使用 dev-dependencies 构建的,因此您可以将这些依赖项移至此部分。图书馆不会依赖他们。

# File structure
conformal/
    Cargo.toml
    src/
        lib.rs
    examples/        # <-- the `ucitest` is
        ucitest.rs   # <-- moved to here
# Cargo.toml

[dependencies]
kdtree = { path = "../kdtree" }
rand = "0.3"

[dev-dependencies]  # <-- move the examples-only dependencies here
serde = "1"
csv = "0.15"
crossbeam = "0.3"
num_cpus = "1"

[lib]
name = "conformal"

[[example]]         # <--- declare the executable
name = "ucitest"    # <--- as an example

要运行二进制文件,使用:

cargo run --example ucitest

2) 具有必需功能的可选依赖项

可以创建依赖项 optional,因此依赖于您的 conformal 库的其他 crate 不需要下载它们。

从 Rust 1.17 开始,二进制文件可以声明它们 require 某些要打开的可选功能,有效地使这些库 "needed only for binaries".

# Cargo.toml

[dependencies]
kdtree = { path = "../kdtree" }
rand = "0.3"

serde = { version = "1", optional = true }          # <-- make 
csv = { version = "0.15", optional = true }         # <-- all of
crossbeam = { version = "0.3", optional = true }    # <-- them
num_cpus = { version = "1", optional = true }       # <-- optional

[lib]
name = "conformal"

[features]
build-binary = ["serde", "csv", "crossbeam", "num_cpus"]

[[bin]]         
name = "ucitest"    
required-features = ["build-binary"]     # <--

请注意,您需要在构建二进制文件时手动传递 --features build-binary

cargo run --features build-binary --bin ucitest

3) 将二进制文件作为自己的包

当库和二进制文件是单独的包时,您可以做任何您喜欢的依赖管理。

# File structure
conformal/
    Cargo.toml
    src/
        lib.rs
    ucitest/          # <-- move ucitest
        Cargo.toml    # <-- into its own
        src/          # <-- package.
            main.rs 
# ucitest/Cargo.toml 

[dependencies]
conformal = { version = "0.1", path = "../" }   # <-- explicitly depend on the library
serde = "1"
csv = "0.15"
crossbeam = "0.3"
num_cpus = "1"

现在这可能最好用工作空间解决 [1, 2]。

目录结构如下:

project-root
├── Cargo.lock
├── Cargo.toml
├── yourlibary
│   ├── Cargo.toml
│   └── src
│       └── lib.rs
├── src
│   └── main.rs
└── target

顶级Cargo.toml文件:

[package]
name = "yourprogram"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["You <you@example.com>"]

[workspace]

[dependencies]
yourlibrary = { path = "yourlibrary" }

yourlibrary Cargo.toml 文件:

[package]
name = "yourlibrary"
version = "0.1.0"
authors = ["You <you@example.com>"]

[dependencies]

Cargo.lock文件和target目录在项目根目录下,工作区内所有组件共享。工作区组件是根据具有 locak 路径的依赖项自动推断的,但也可以手动指定。

每个组件及其 Cargo.toml 文件仍然可以在 crates.io

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