Tensorflow：占位符和摘要问题
Tensorflow: issue with placeholder and summaries
我修改了现有的 cifar10 示例以作为孪生网络工作。
但是我在训练它时遇到了一些困难。
所做的更改：
- 占位符而不是队列
- 自定义损失函数
这是我修改后的 cifar10_train.py :
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
from datetime import datetime
import os.path
import time
import input_data
import numpy as np
from six.moves import xrange # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
import tensorflow as tf
import cifar10
FLAGS = tf.app.flags.FLAGS
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string('train_dir', 'tmp/cifar10_train',
"""Directory where to write event logs """
"""and checkpoint.""")
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer('max_steps', 1000000,
"""Number of batches to run.""")
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_boolean('log_device_placement', False,
"""Whether to log device placement.""")
def train():
"""Train CIFAR-10 for a number of steps."""
dataset = input_data.read()
image, image_p, label = dataset.train_dataset
image_size = dataset.image_size
batch_size = 28
with tf.Graph().as_default():
global_step = tf.Variable(0, trainable=False)
# Get images and labels for CIFAR-10.
images = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(batch_size, image_size[0], image_size[1], image_size[2]))
images2 = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(batch_size, image_size[0], image_size[1], image_size[2]))
labels = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(batch_size))
tf.image_summary('images', images)
tf.image_summary('images2', images)
# Build a Graph that computes the logits predictions from the
# inference model.
with tf.variable_scope('inference') as scope:
logits = cifar10.inference(images)
scope.reuse_variables()
logits2 = cifar10.inference(images2)
# Calculate loss.
loss = cifar10.loss(logits, logits2, labels)
# Build a Graph that trains the model with one batch of examples and
# updates the model parameters.
train_op = cifar10.train(loss, global_step)
# Create a saver.
saver = tf.train.Saver(tf.all_variables())
# Build the summary operation based on the TF collection of Summaries.
summary_op = tf.merge_all_summaries()
# Build an initialization operation to run below.
init = tf.initialize_all_variables()
# Start running operations on the Graph.
sess = tf.Session(config=tf.ConfigProto(
log_device_placement=FLAGS.log_device_placement))
sess.run(init)
# Start the queue runners.
tf.train.start_queue_runners(sess=sess)
summary_writer = tf.train.SummaryWriter(FLAGS.train_dir,
graph_def=sess.graph_def)
for step in xrange(FLAGS.max_steps):
start_time = time.time()
offset = (step * batch_size) % (dataset.train_samples - batch_size)
_, loss_value = sess.run([train_op, loss], feed_dict={images: image[offset:(offset + batch_size)], images2: image_p[offset:(offset + batch_size)], labels: 1.0*label[offset:(offset + batch_size)]})
duration = time.time() - start_time
print(loss_value)
assert not np.isnan(loss_value), 'Model diverged with loss = NaN'
if step % 10 == 0:
num_examples_per_step = FLAGS.batch_size
examples_per_sec = num_examples_per_step / duration
sec_per_batch = float(duration)
format_str = ('%s: step %d, loss = %.2f (%.1f examples/sec; %.3f '
'sec/batch)')
print (format_str % (datetime.now(), step, loss_value,
examples_per_sec, sec_per_batch))
if step % 100 == 0:
summary_str = sess.run(summary_op)
summary_writer.add_summary(summary_str, step)
# Save the model checkpoint periodically.
if step % 1000 == 0 or (step + 1) == FLAGS.max_steps:
checkpoint_path = os.path.join(FLAGS.train_dir, 'model.ckpt')
saver.save(sess, checkpoint_path, global_step=step)
def main(argv=None):
# pylint: disable=unused-argument
train()
if __name__ == '__main__':
tf.app.run()
已修改cifar10.py
"""Builds the CIFAR-10 network.
Summary of available functions:
# Compute input images and labels for training. If you would like to run
# evaluations, use inputs() instead.
inputs, labels = distorted_inputs()
# Compute inference on the model inputs to make a prediction.
predictions = inference(inputs)
# Compute the total loss of the prediction with respect to the labels.
loss = loss(predictions, labels)
# Create a graph to run one step of training with respect to the loss.
train_op = train(loss, global_step)
"""
# pylint: disable=missing-docstring
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
import gzip
import os
import re
import sys
import tarfile
from six.moves import urllib
import tensorflow as tf
import input_data
FLAGS = tf.app.flags.FLAGS
# Basic model parameters.
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer('batch_size', 28,
"""Number of images to process in a batch.""")
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string('data_dir_p', '/tmp/cifar10_data',
"""Path to the CIFAR-10 data directory.""")
# Global constants describing the CIFAR-10 data set.
# IMAGE_SIZE = cifar10_input.IMAGE_SIZE
# NUM_CLASSES = cifar10_input.NUM_CLASSES
NUM_EXAMPLES_PER_EPOCH_FOR_TRAIN = input_data.train_samples
# NUM_EXAMPLES_PER_EPOCH_FOR_EVAL = cifar10_input.NUM_EXAMPLES_PER_EPOCH_FOR_EVAL
# Constants describing the training process.
MOVING_AVERAGE_DECAY = 0.9999 # The decay to use for the moving average.
NUM_EPOCHS_PER_DECAY = 350.0 # Epochs after which learning rate decays.
LEARNING_RATE_DECAY_FACTOR = 0.1 # Learning rate decay factor.
INITIAL_LEARNING_RATE = 0.001 # Initial learning rate.
Q = 360.6244
# If a model is trained with multiple GPU's prefix all Op names with tower_name
# to differentiate the operations. Note that this prefix is removed from the
# names of the summaries when visualizing a model.
TOWER_NAME = 'tower'
DATA_URL = 'http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar-10-binary.tar.gz'
def _activation_summary(x):
# Remove 'tower_[0-9]/' from the name in case this is a multi-GPU training
# session. This helps the clarity of presentation on tensorboard.
tensor_name = re.sub('%s_[0-9]*/' % TOWER_NAME, '', x.op.name)
tf.histogram_summary(tensor_name + '/activations', x)
tf.scalar_summary(tensor_name + '/sparsity', tf.nn.zero_fraction(x))
def _variable_on_cpu(name, shape, initializer):
with tf.device('/cpu:0'):
var = tf.get_variable(name, shape, initializer=initializer)
return var
def _variable_with_weight_decay(name, shape, stddev, wd):
var = _variable_on_cpu(name, shape, tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=stddev))
if wd:
weight_decay = tf.mul(tf.nn.l2_loss(var), wd, name='weight_loss')
tf.add_to_collection('losses', weight_decay)
return var
def inference(data):
# We instantiate all variables using tf.get_variable() instead of
# tf.Variable() in order to share variables across multiple GPU training runs.
# If we only ran this model on a single GPU, we could simplify this function
# by replacing all instances of tf.get_variable() with tf.Variable().
#
# conv1
with tf.variable_scope('conv1') as scope:
kernel = _variable_with_weight_decay('weights', shape=[5, 5, 1, 20],
stddev=0.1, wd=0.0)
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(data, kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='VALID')
biases = _variable_on_cpu('biases', [20], tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
conv1 = tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases)
_activation_summary(conv1)
# pool1
pool1 = tf.nn.max_pool(conv1, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1],
padding='VALID', name='pool1')
# conv2
with tf.variable_scope('conv2') as scope:
kernel = _variable_with_weight_decay('weights', shape=[5, 5, 20, 50],
stddev=0.1, wd=0.0)
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(pool1, kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='VALID')
biases = _variable_on_cpu('biases', [50], tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
conv2 = tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases)
_activation_summary(conv2)
# pool2
pool2 = tf.nn.max_pool(conv2, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1],
strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='VALID', name='pool2')
# local3
with tf.variable_scope('local3') as scope:
# Move everything into depth so we can perform a single matrix multiply.
dim = 1
for d in pool2.get_shape()[1:].as_list():
dim *= d
reshape = tf.reshape(pool2, [pool2.get_shape()[0:].as_list()[0], dim])
weights = _variable_with_weight_decay('weights', shape=[dim, 500],
stddev=0.1, wd=0.0)
biases = _variable_on_cpu('biases', [500], tf.constant_initializer(0.10))
local3 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(reshape, weights) + biases, name=scope.name)
_activation_summary(local3)
# local4
with tf.variable_scope('local4') as scope:
weights = _variable_with_weight_decay('weights', shape=[500, 10],
stddev=0.1, wd=0.0)
biases = _variable_on_cpu('biases', [10], tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
local4 = tf.add(tf.matmul(local3, weights), biases, name=scope.name)
_activation_summary(local4)
#local5
with tf.variable_scope('local5') as scope:
weights = _variable_with_weight_decay('weights', [10, 10],
stddev=0.1, wd=0.0)
biases = _variable_on_cpu('biases', [10],
tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
local5 = tf.add(tf.matmul(local4, weights), biases, name=scope.name)
_activation_summary(local5)
return local5
def loss(features1, features2, labels):
energy_square = (tf.reduce_sum(tf.pow(tf.sub(features1, features2), 2),1))
loss = tf.add(tf.mul(tf.pow(tf.sub(labels,1),2),energy_square),tf.mul(labels,tf.maximum(tf.sub(1.0,energy_square),0)))
loss = tf.reduce_sum(loss) / features1.get_shape()[0:].as_list()[0] / 2
# Calculate the average cross entropy loss across the batch.
# labels = tf.cast(labels, tf.int64)
# cross_entropy = tf.nn.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(
# logits, labels, name='cross_entropy_per_example')
# cross_entropy_mean = tf.reduce_mean(cross_entropy, name='cross_entropy')
tf.add_to_collection('losses', loss)
# The total loss is defined as the cross entropy loss plus all of the weight
# decay terms (L2 loss).
return tf.add_n(tf.get_collection('losses'), name='total_loss')
def _add_loss_summaries(total_loss):
# Compute the moving average of all individual losses and the total loss.
loss_averages = tf.train.ExponentialMovingAverage(0.9, name='avg')
losses = tf.get_collection('losses')
loss_averages_op = loss_averages.apply(losses + [total_loss])
# Attach a scalar summary to all individual losses and the total loss; do the
# same for the averaged version of the losses.
for l in losses + [total_loss]:
# Name each loss as '(raw)' and name the moving average version of the loss
# as the original loss name.
tf.scalar_summary(l.op.name +' (raw)', l)
tf.scalar_summary(l.op.name, loss_averages.average(l))
return loss_averages_op
def train(total_loss, global_step):
loss_averages_op = _add_loss_summaries(total_loss)
num_batches_per_epoch = NUM_EXAMPLES_PER_EPOCH_FOR_TRAIN / FLAGS.batch_size
decay_steps = int(num_batches_per_epoch * NUM_EPOCHS_PER_DECAY)
# Decay the learning rate exponentially based on the number of steps.
lr = tf.train.exponential_decay(INITIAL_LEARNING_RATE,
global_step,
decay_steps,
LEARNING_RATE_DECAY_FACTOR,
staircase=True)
tf.scalar_summary('learning_rate', lr)
# Generate moving averages of all losses and associated summaries.
loss_averages_op = _add_loss_summaries(total_loss)
# Compute gradients.
with tf.control_dependencies([loss_averages_op]):
opt = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(lr)
grads = opt.compute_gradients(total_loss)
# Apply gradients.
apply_gradient_op = opt.apply_gradients(grads, global_step=global_step)
# Add histograms for trainable variables.
for var in tf.trainable_variables():
tf.histogram_summary(var.op.name, var)
# Add histograms for gradients.
for grad, var in grads:
if grad:
tf.histogram_summary(var.op.name + '/gradients', grad)
# Track the moving averages of all trainable variables.
variable_averages = tf.train.ExponentialMovingAverage(
MOVING_AVERAGE_DECAY, global_step)
variables_averages_op = variable_averages.apply(tf.trainable_variables())
with tf.control_dependencies([apply_gradient_op, variables_averages_op]):
train_op = tf.no_op(name='train')
return train_op
我得到的错误：
2016-03-01 15:56:59.483682: step 0, loss = 0.22 (9.7 examples/sec; 2.896 sec/batch)
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Invalid argument: You must feed a value for placeholder tensor 'Placeholder' with dtype float and shape [28,112,92,1]
[[Node: Placeholder = Placeholder[dtype=DT_FLOAT, shape=[28,112,92,1], _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"]()]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary
[[Node: HistogramSummary = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary/tag, inference/conv1/weights/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_1
[[Node: HistogramSummary_1 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_1/tag, inference/conv1/biases/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Invalid argument: You must feed a value for placeholder tensor 'Placeholder_2' with dtype float and shape [28]
[[Node: Placeholder_2 = Placeholder[dtype=DT_FLOAT, shape=[28], _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"]()]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_3
[[Node: HistogramSummary_3 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_3/tag, inference/conv2/biases/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_2
[[Node: HistogramSummary_2 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_2/tag, inference/conv2/weights/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_4
[[Node: HistogramSummary_4 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_4/tag, inference/local3/weights/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_5
[[Node: HistogramSummary_5 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_5/tag, inference/local3/biases/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_6
[[Node: HistogramSummary_6 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_6/tag, inference/local4/weights/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_7
[[Node: HistogramSummary_7 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_7/tag, inference/local4/biases/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_8
[[Node: HistogramSummary_8 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_8/tag, inference/local5/weights/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_9
[[Node: HistogramSummary_9 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_9/tag, inference/local5/biases/read)]]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "cifar10_train.py", line 110, in <module>
tf.app.run()
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/platform/default/_app.py", line 30, in run
sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
File "cifar10_train.py", line 106, in main
train()
File "cifar10_train.py", line 95, in train
summary_str = sess.run(summary_op)
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 315, in run
return self._run(None, fetches, feed_dict)
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 511, in _run
feed_dict_string)
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 564, in _do_run
target_list)
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 586, in _do_call
e.code)
tensorflow.python.framework.errors.InvalidArgumentError: You must feed a value for placeholder tensor 'Placeholder' with dtype float and shape [28,112,92,1]
[[Node: Placeholder = Placeholder[dtype=DT_FLOAT, shape=[28,112,92,1], _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"]()]]
Caused by op u'Placeholder', defined at:
File "cifar10_train.py", line 110, in <module>
tf.app.run()
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/platform/default/_app.py", line 30, in run
sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
File "cifar10_train.py", line 106, in main
train()
File "cifar10_train.py", line 36, in train
images = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(batch_size, image_size[0], image_size[1], image_size[2]))
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/array_ops.py", line 742, in placeholder
name=name)
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/gen_array_ops.py", line 583, in _placeholder
name=name)
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/op_def_library.py", line 655, in apply_op
op_def=op_def)
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/ops.py", line 2040, in create_op
original_op=self._default_original_op, op_def=op_def)
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/ops.py", line 1087, in __init__
self._traceback = _extract_stack()
此外，当我注释掉 merge_all_summaries() 时，模型因 loss=NaN
而发散
这里的问题是你的图表中的一些摘要——由 tf.merge_all_summaries()— depend on your placeholders. For example, the code in cifar10.py 收集，在每个步骤为各种激活创建摘要，这取决于所使用的训练示例。
解决方案是在评估时提供相同的训练批次 summary_op:
if step % 100 == 0:
summary_str = sess.run(summary_op, feed_dict={
images: image[offset:(offset + batch_size)],
images2: image_p[offset:(offset + batch_size)],
labels: 1.0 * label[offset:(offset + batch_size)]})
虽然这对您的原始代码进行了最小的修改，但效率略低，因为它会每 100 步重新执行一次训练步骤。解决此问题的最佳方法（尽管它需要对训练循环进行一些重组）是在执行训练步骤的 sess.run() 的同一调用中获取摘要：
if step % 100 == 0:
_, loss_value, summary_str = sess.run([train_op, loss, summary_op], feed_dict={
images: image[offset:(offset + batch_size)],
images2: image_p[offset:(offset + batch_size)],
labels: 1.0 * label[offset:(offset + batch_size)]})
我修改了现有的 cifar10 示例以作为孪生网络工作。 但是我在训练它时遇到了一些困难。
所做的更改：
- 占位符而不是队列
- 自定义损失函数
这是我修改后的 cifar10_train.py :
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
from datetime import datetime
import os.path
import time
import input_data
import numpy as np
from six.moves import xrange # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
import tensorflow as tf
import cifar10
FLAGS = tf.app.flags.FLAGS
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string('train_dir', 'tmp/cifar10_train',
"""Directory where to write event logs """
"""and checkpoint.""")
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer('max_steps', 1000000,
"""Number of batches to run.""")
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_boolean('log_device_placement', False,
"""Whether to log device placement.""")
def train():
"""Train CIFAR-10 for a number of steps."""
dataset = input_data.read()
image, image_p, label = dataset.train_dataset
image_size = dataset.image_size
batch_size = 28
with tf.Graph().as_default():
global_step = tf.Variable(0, trainable=False)
# Get images and labels for CIFAR-10.
images = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(batch_size, image_size[0], image_size[1], image_size[2]))
images2 = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(batch_size, image_size[0], image_size[1], image_size[2]))
labels = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(batch_size))
tf.image_summary('images', images)
tf.image_summary('images2', images)
# Build a Graph that computes the logits predictions from the
# inference model.
with tf.variable_scope('inference') as scope:
logits = cifar10.inference(images)
scope.reuse_variables()
logits2 = cifar10.inference(images2)
# Calculate loss.
loss = cifar10.loss(logits, logits2, labels)
# Build a Graph that trains the model with one batch of examples and
# updates the model parameters.
train_op = cifar10.train(loss, global_step)
# Create a saver.
saver = tf.train.Saver(tf.all_variables())
# Build the summary operation based on the TF collection of Summaries.
summary_op = tf.merge_all_summaries()
# Build an initialization operation to run below.
init = tf.initialize_all_variables()
# Start running operations on the Graph.
sess = tf.Session(config=tf.ConfigProto(
log_device_placement=FLAGS.log_device_placement))
sess.run(init)
# Start the queue runners.
tf.train.start_queue_runners(sess=sess)
summary_writer = tf.train.SummaryWriter(FLAGS.train_dir,
graph_def=sess.graph_def)
for step in xrange(FLAGS.max_steps):
start_time = time.time()
offset = (step * batch_size) % (dataset.train_samples - batch_size)
_, loss_value = sess.run([train_op, loss], feed_dict={images: image[offset:(offset + batch_size)], images2: image_p[offset:(offset + batch_size)], labels: 1.0*label[offset:(offset + batch_size)]})
duration = time.time() - start_time
print(loss_value)
assert not np.isnan(loss_value), 'Model diverged with loss = NaN'
if step % 10 == 0:
num_examples_per_step = FLAGS.batch_size
examples_per_sec = num_examples_per_step / duration
sec_per_batch = float(duration)
format_str = ('%s: step %d, loss = %.2f (%.1f examples/sec; %.3f '
'sec/batch)')
print (format_str % (datetime.now(), step, loss_value,
examples_per_sec, sec_per_batch))
if step % 100 == 0:
summary_str = sess.run(summary_op)
summary_writer.add_summary(summary_str, step)
# Save the model checkpoint periodically.
if step % 1000 == 0 or (step + 1) == FLAGS.max_steps:
checkpoint_path = os.path.join(FLAGS.train_dir, 'model.ckpt')
saver.save(sess, checkpoint_path, global_step=step)
def main(argv=None):
# pylint: disable=unused-argument
train()
if __name__ == '__main__':
tf.app.run()
已修改cifar10.py
"""Builds the CIFAR-10 network.
Summary of available functions:
# Compute input images and labels for training. If you would like to run
# evaluations, use inputs() instead.
inputs, labels = distorted_inputs()
# Compute inference on the model inputs to make a prediction.
predictions = inference(inputs)
# Compute the total loss of the prediction with respect to the labels.
loss = loss(predictions, labels)
# Create a graph to run one step of training with respect to the loss.
train_op = train(loss, global_step)
"""
# pylint: disable=missing-docstring
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
import gzip
import os
import re
import sys
import tarfile
from six.moves import urllib
import tensorflow as tf
import input_data
FLAGS = tf.app.flags.FLAGS
# Basic model parameters.
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_integer('batch_size', 28,
"""Number of images to process in a batch.""")
tf.app.flags.DEFINE_string('data_dir_p', '/tmp/cifar10_data',
"""Path to the CIFAR-10 data directory.""")
# Global constants describing the CIFAR-10 data set.
# IMAGE_SIZE = cifar10_input.IMAGE_SIZE
# NUM_CLASSES = cifar10_input.NUM_CLASSES
NUM_EXAMPLES_PER_EPOCH_FOR_TRAIN = input_data.train_samples
# NUM_EXAMPLES_PER_EPOCH_FOR_EVAL = cifar10_input.NUM_EXAMPLES_PER_EPOCH_FOR_EVAL
# Constants describing the training process.
MOVING_AVERAGE_DECAY = 0.9999 # The decay to use for the moving average.
NUM_EPOCHS_PER_DECAY = 350.0 # Epochs after which learning rate decays.
LEARNING_RATE_DECAY_FACTOR = 0.1 # Learning rate decay factor.
INITIAL_LEARNING_RATE = 0.001 # Initial learning rate.
Q = 360.6244
# If a model is trained with multiple GPU's prefix all Op names with tower_name
# to differentiate the operations. Note that this prefix is removed from the
# names of the summaries when visualizing a model.
TOWER_NAME = 'tower'
DATA_URL = 'http://www.cs.toronto.edu/~kriz/cifar-10-binary.tar.gz'
def _activation_summary(x):
# Remove 'tower_[0-9]/' from the name in case this is a multi-GPU training
# session. This helps the clarity of presentation on tensorboard.
tensor_name = re.sub('%s_[0-9]*/' % TOWER_NAME, '', x.op.name)
tf.histogram_summary(tensor_name + '/activations', x)
tf.scalar_summary(tensor_name + '/sparsity', tf.nn.zero_fraction(x))
def _variable_on_cpu(name, shape, initializer):
with tf.device('/cpu:0'):
var = tf.get_variable(name, shape, initializer=initializer)
return var
def _variable_with_weight_decay(name, shape, stddev, wd):
var = _variable_on_cpu(name, shape, tf.truncated_normal_initializer(stddev=stddev))
if wd:
weight_decay = tf.mul(tf.nn.l2_loss(var), wd, name='weight_loss')
tf.add_to_collection('losses', weight_decay)
return var
def inference(data):
# We instantiate all variables using tf.get_variable() instead of
# tf.Variable() in order to share variables across multiple GPU training runs.
# If we only ran this model on a single GPU, we could simplify this function
# by replacing all instances of tf.get_variable() with tf.Variable().
#
# conv1
with tf.variable_scope('conv1') as scope:
kernel = _variable_with_weight_decay('weights', shape=[5, 5, 1, 20],
stddev=0.1, wd=0.0)
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(data, kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='VALID')
biases = _variable_on_cpu('biases', [20], tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
conv1 = tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases)
_activation_summary(conv1)
# pool1
pool1 = tf.nn.max_pool(conv1, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1], strides=[1, 2, 2, 1],
padding='VALID', name='pool1')
# conv2
with tf.variable_scope('conv2') as scope:
kernel = _variable_with_weight_decay('weights', shape=[5, 5, 20, 50],
stddev=0.1, wd=0.0)
conv = tf.nn.conv2d(pool1, kernel, [1, 1, 1, 1], padding='VALID')
biases = _variable_on_cpu('biases', [50], tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
conv2 = tf.nn.bias_add(conv, biases)
_activation_summary(conv2)
# pool2
pool2 = tf.nn.max_pool(conv2, ksize=[1, 2, 2, 1],
strides=[1, 2, 2, 1], padding='VALID', name='pool2')
# local3
with tf.variable_scope('local3') as scope:
# Move everything into depth so we can perform a single matrix multiply.
dim = 1
for d in pool2.get_shape()[1:].as_list():
dim *= d
reshape = tf.reshape(pool2, [pool2.get_shape()[0:].as_list()[0], dim])
weights = _variable_with_weight_decay('weights', shape=[dim, 500],
stddev=0.1, wd=0.0)
biases = _variable_on_cpu('biases', [500], tf.constant_initializer(0.10))
local3 = tf.nn.relu(tf.matmul(reshape, weights) + biases, name=scope.name)
_activation_summary(local3)
# local4
with tf.variable_scope('local4') as scope:
weights = _variable_with_weight_decay('weights', shape=[500, 10],
stddev=0.1, wd=0.0)
biases = _variable_on_cpu('biases', [10], tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
local4 = tf.add(tf.matmul(local3, weights), biases, name=scope.name)
_activation_summary(local4)
#local5
with tf.variable_scope('local5') as scope:
weights = _variable_with_weight_decay('weights', [10, 10],
stddev=0.1, wd=0.0)
biases = _variable_on_cpu('biases', [10],
tf.constant_initializer(0.0))
local5 = tf.add(tf.matmul(local4, weights), biases, name=scope.name)
_activation_summary(local5)
return local5
def loss(features1, features2, labels):
energy_square = (tf.reduce_sum(tf.pow(tf.sub(features1, features2), 2),1))
loss = tf.add(tf.mul(tf.pow(tf.sub(labels,1),2),energy_square),tf.mul(labels,tf.maximum(tf.sub(1.0,energy_square),0)))
loss = tf.reduce_sum(loss) / features1.get_shape()[0:].as_list()[0] / 2
# Calculate the average cross entropy loss across the batch.
# labels = tf.cast(labels, tf.int64)
# cross_entropy = tf.nn.sparse_softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(
# logits, labels, name='cross_entropy_per_example')
# cross_entropy_mean = tf.reduce_mean(cross_entropy, name='cross_entropy')
tf.add_to_collection('losses', loss)
# The total loss is defined as the cross entropy loss plus all of the weight
# decay terms (L2 loss).
return tf.add_n(tf.get_collection('losses'), name='total_loss')
def _add_loss_summaries(total_loss):
# Compute the moving average of all individual losses and the total loss.
loss_averages = tf.train.ExponentialMovingAverage(0.9, name='avg')
losses = tf.get_collection('losses')
loss_averages_op = loss_averages.apply(losses + [total_loss])
# Attach a scalar summary to all individual losses and the total loss; do the
# same for the averaged version of the losses.
for l in losses + [total_loss]:
# Name each loss as '(raw)' and name the moving average version of the loss
# as the original loss name.
tf.scalar_summary(l.op.name +' (raw)', l)
tf.scalar_summary(l.op.name, loss_averages.average(l))
return loss_averages_op
def train(total_loss, global_step):
loss_averages_op = _add_loss_summaries(total_loss)
num_batches_per_epoch = NUM_EXAMPLES_PER_EPOCH_FOR_TRAIN / FLAGS.batch_size
decay_steps = int(num_batches_per_epoch * NUM_EPOCHS_PER_DECAY)
# Decay the learning rate exponentially based on the number of steps.
lr = tf.train.exponential_decay(INITIAL_LEARNING_RATE,
global_step,
decay_steps,
LEARNING_RATE_DECAY_FACTOR,
staircase=True)
tf.scalar_summary('learning_rate', lr)
# Generate moving averages of all losses and associated summaries.
loss_averages_op = _add_loss_summaries(total_loss)
# Compute gradients.
with tf.control_dependencies([loss_averages_op]):
opt = tf.train.GradientDescentOptimizer(lr)
grads = opt.compute_gradients(total_loss)
# Apply gradients.
apply_gradient_op = opt.apply_gradients(grads, global_step=global_step)
# Add histograms for trainable variables.
for var in tf.trainable_variables():
tf.histogram_summary(var.op.name, var)
# Add histograms for gradients.
for grad, var in grads:
if grad:
tf.histogram_summary(var.op.name + '/gradients', grad)
# Track the moving averages of all trainable variables.
variable_averages = tf.train.ExponentialMovingAverage(
MOVING_AVERAGE_DECAY, global_step)
variables_averages_op = variable_averages.apply(tf.trainable_variables())
with tf.control_dependencies([apply_gradient_op, variables_averages_op]):
train_op = tf.no_op(name='train')
return train_op
我得到的错误：
2016-03-01 15:56:59.483682: step 0, loss = 0.22 (9.7 examples/sec; 2.896 sec/batch)
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Invalid argument: You must feed a value for placeholder tensor 'Placeholder' with dtype float and shape [28,112,92,1]
[[Node: Placeholder = Placeholder[dtype=DT_FLOAT, shape=[28,112,92,1], _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"]()]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary
[[Node: HistogramSummary = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary/tag, inference/conv1/weights/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_1
[[Node: HistogramSummary_1 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_1/tag, inference/conv1/biases/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Invalid argument: You must feed a value for placeholder tensor 'Placeholder_2' with dtype float and shape [28]
[[Node: Placeholder_2 = Placeholder[dtype=DT_FLOAT, shape=[28], _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"]()]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_3
[[Node: HistogramSummary_3 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_3/tag, inference/conv2/biases/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_2
[[Node: HistogramSummary_2 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_2/tag, inference/conv2/weights/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_4
[[Node: HistogramSummary_4 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_4/tag, inference/local3/weights/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_5
[[Node: HistogramSummary_5 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_5/tag, inference/local3/biases/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_6
[[Node: HistogramSummary_6 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_6/tag, inference/local4/weights/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_7
[[Node: HistogramSummary_7 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_7/tag, inference/local4/biases/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_8
[[Node: HistogramSummary_8 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_8/tag, inference/local5/weights/read)]]
W tensorflow/core/common_runtime/executor.cc:1102] 0x7fd2340e8b60 Compute status: Out of range: Nan in summary histogram for: HistogramSummary_9
[[Node: HistogramSummary_9 = HistogramSummary[T=DT_FLOAT, _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"](HistogramSummary_9/tag, inference/local5/biases/read)]]
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "cifar10_train.py", line 110, in <module>
tf.app.run()
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/platform/default/_app.py", line 30, in run
sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
File "cifar10_train.py", line 106, in main
train()
File "cifar10_train.py", line 95, in train
summary_str = sess.run(summary_op)
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 315, in run
return self._run(None, fetches, feed_dict)
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 511, in _run
feed_dict_string)
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 564, in _do_run
target_list)
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/client/session.py", line 586, in _do_call
e.code)
tensorflow.python.framework.errors.InvalidArgumentError: You must feed a value for placeholder tensor 'Placeholder' with dtype float and shape [28,112,92,1]
[[Node: Placeholder = Placeholder[dtype=DT_FLOAT, shape=[28,112,92,1], _device="/job:localhost/replica:0/task:0/cpu:0"]()]]
Caused by op u'Placeholder', defined at:
File "cifar10_train.py", line 110, in <module>
tf.app.run()
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/platform/default/_app.py", line 30, in run
sys.exit(main(sys.argv))
File "cifar10_train.py", line 106, in main
train()
File "cifar10_train.py", line 36, in train
images = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(batch_size, image_size[0], image_size[1], image_size[2]))
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/array_ops.py", line 742, in placeholder
name=name)
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/gen_array_ops.py", line 583, in _placeholder
name=name)
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/ops/op_def_library.py", line 655, in apply_op
op_def=op_def)
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/ops.py", line 2040, in create_op
original_op=self._default_original_op, op_def=op_def)
File "/Users/Macbull/Desktop/GITHUB/tensorflow/venv/lib/python2.7/site-packages/tensorflow/python/framework/ops.py", line 1087, in __init__
self._traceback = _extract_stack()
此外，当我注释掉 merge_all_summaries() 时，模型因 loss=NaN
而发散这里的问题是你的图表中的一些摘要——由 tf.merge_all_summaries()— depend on your placeholders. For example, the code in cifar10.py 收集，在每个步骤为各种激活创建摘要，这取决于所使用的训练示例。
解决方案是在评估时提供相同的训练批次 summary_op:
if step % 100 == 0:
summary_str = sess.run(summary_op, feed_dict={
images: image[offset:(offset + batch_size)],
images2: image_p[offset:(offset + batch_size)],
labels: 1.0 * label[offset:(offset + batch_size)]})
虽然这对您的原始代码进行了最小的修改，但效率略低，因为它会每 100 步重新执行一次训练步骤。解决此问题的最佳方法（尽管它需要对训练循环进行一些重组）是在执行训练步骤的 sess.run() 的同一调用中获取摘要：
if step % 100 == 0:
_, loss_value, summary_str = sess.run([train_op, loss, summary_op], feed_dict={
images: image[offset:(offset + batch_size)],
images2: image_p[offset:(offset + batch_size)],
labels: 1.0 * label[offset:(offset + batch_size)]})