matplotlib colorbar刻度标签格式

matplotlib colorbar tick label formatting

我想知道如何在 matplotlib 中显式设置颜色条对象的格式

这是一个示例绘图脚本:

from matplotlib import pyplot
from matplotlib.ticker import MultipleLocator, FormatStrFormatter
from matplotlib.colors import BoundaryNorm
from matplotlib.ticker import MaxNLocator
from pylab import *
import numpy as np
import random

# ----------

plot_aspect = 1.2
plot_height = 10.0
plot_width = int(plot_height*plot_aspect)

# ----------

pyplot.figure(figsize=(plot_width, plot_height), dpi=100)
pyplot.subplots_adjust(left=0.10, right=1.00, top=0.90, bottom=0.06, hspace=0.30)
subplot1 = pyplot.subplot(111)

# ----------

cbar_max = 40.0
cbar_min = 20.0
cbar_step = 1.0
cbar_num_colors = 200
cbar_num_format = "%d"

# ----------
# make random dataset

dx, dy = 5.0, 5.0
y, x = np.mgrid[slice(-100.0, 100.0 + dy, dy),slice(-100.0, 100.0 + dx, dx)]

z = []
for i in x:
    z.append([])
    for j in y:
        z[-1].append(random.uniform(cbar_min,cbar_max))

# ----------
# make random dataset

levels = MaxNLocator(nbins=cbar_num_colors).tick_values(cbar_min, cbar_max)
cmap = pyplot.get_cmap('gist_ncar')
norm = BoundaryNorm(levels, ncolors=cmap.N, clip=True)
pp = pyplot.contourf(x,y,z,levels=levels,cmap=cmap)
cbar = pyplot.colorbar(pp, orientation='vertical', ticks=np.arange(cbar_min, cbar_max+cbar_step, cbar_step), format=cbar_num_format)
cbar.ax.set_ylabel('Color Scale [unit]', fontsize = 16, weight="bold")

CS = pyplot.contour(x,y,z, alpha=0.5)

majorLocator1   = MultipleLocator(10)
majorFormatter1 = FormatStrFormatter('%d')
minorLocator1   = MultipleLocator(5)

subplot1.xaxis.set_major_locator(majorLocator1)
subplot1.xaxis.set_major_formatter(majorFormatter1)
subplot1.xaxis.set_minor_locator(minorLocator1)

pyplot.xticks(fontsize = 16)
pyplot.xlim(-100.0,100.0)

majorLocator2   = MultipleLocator(10)
majorFormatter2 = FormatStrFormatter('%d')
minorLocator2   = MultipleLocator(5)

subplot1.yaxis.set_major_locator(majorLocator2)
subplot1.yaxis.set_major_formatter(majorFormatter2)
subplot1.yaxis.set_minor_locator(minorLocator2)

pyplot.yticks(fontsize = 16)
pyplot.ylim(-100.0,100.0)

subplot1.xaxis.grid()
subplot1.yaxis.grid()
subplot1.axes.set_aspect('equal')

pyplot.suptitle('Main Title', fontsize = 24, weight="bold")

pyplot.xlabel('X [unit]', fontsize=16, weight="bold")
pyplot.ylabel('Y [unit]', fontsize=16, weight="bold")

pyplot.show()
pyplot.close()

这给了我这样的输出:

目前,颜色条刻度标签格式将使用之前提供的格式字符串:cbar_num_format = "%d",但我还想使用:

设置字体大小和粗细
cbar.ax.set_yticklabels(np.arange(cbar_min, cbar_max+cbar_step, cbar_step), fontsize=16, weight='bold')

...但是当我这样做时,之前应用的格式化程序字符串似乎消失了,数字又回到了 "%0.1f" 格式,而不是我之前应用的 "%d" 格式:

如何防止这种情况发生或以更好的方式控制颜色条刻度标记?

一种选择是手动设置刻度标签的格式。可能有更好的方法,但这通常对我有用。

cbar.ax.set_yticklabels(['{:.0f}'.format(x) for x in np.arange(cbar_min, cbar_max+cbar_step, cbar_step)], fontsize=16, weight='bold')

编辑:

如果您不想自己计算报价,您可以使用:

for l in cbar.ax.yaxis.get_ticklabels():
    l.set_weight("bold")
    l.set_fontsize(16)

如果更新不当,您可能需要致电 draw()。这可以减少到一个衬里:

setp(cbar.ax.yaxis.get_ticklabels(), weight='bold', fontsize=16)

只需将其更改为

cbar.ax.set_yticklabels(np.arange(int(cbar_min), int(cbar_max+cbar_step), int(cbar_step)), fontsize=16, weight='bold')

成功了!!!

即只需将 int() 赋给 np.arange() 内的值 cbar.ax.set_yticklabels

这里我将颜色条刻度格式化为百分比。

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

xs = np.linspace(0, 1, 20)
ys = xs ** 3
colors = xs ** 2
scatter = plt.scatter(xs, ys, c=colors)

cb = plt.colorbar(scatter)
cb.ax.set_yticklabels(["{:.1%}".format(i) for i in cb.get_ticks()]) # set ticks of your format

plt.show()

您也可以手动设置刻度位置。

ticks = np.linspace(0, 1, 5)
cb = plt.colorbar(scatter, ticks=ticks)
cb.ax.set_yticklabels(["{:.1%}".format(i) for i in ticks]) # set ticks of your format

对于此示例,我使用了 python 3.7matplotlib 3.1.2

更好的解决方案是

from matplotlib.ticker import FuncFormatter

fmt = lambda x, pos: '{:.1%}'.format(x)
cbar = plt.colorbar(format=FuncFormatter(fmt))